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PHARM 2 > Penicillins > Flashcards

Penicillins Flashcards

1
Q

Beta lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

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2
Q

Narrow Spectrum PCNS

A

PCN V (PO)
PCN G

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3
Q

Penicillinase Resistant PCNs are also called

A

Antistaphylococcal PCNs

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4
Q

Penicillinase Resistant PCNs

A

Nafcillin (IV)
Dicloxacillin (PO)
Oxacillin (IM, IV)

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5
Q

Extended spectrum PCNs

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin

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6
Q

Subgroups in Extended Spectrum PCNs

A

Aminopenicillins
Antipseudomonal pcns

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7
Q

PCN MOA

A

inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis –> penicillin binds to penicillin binding proteins

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8
Q

Why are PCNs highly selective?

A

mammalian cells don’t have a cell wall

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9
Q

What types of bacteria do PCNs attack? Bactericidal or static?

A

Gram positive

Bactericidal

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10
Q

Basic structure of PCNs

A

beta lactam ring (BLR)
thiazolidine ring (TR)

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11
Q

How do PCNs differ from one another?

A

substitution of R group

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12
Q

Which PCNs have a large bulky R group?

A

Penicillinase-Resistant Drugs

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13
Q

DOC natural PCN

A

syphilis
Group A strep pharyngitis

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14
Q

What bacteria is almost completely resistant to natural PCNs due to penicillinases?

A

staphylococci

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15
Q

Are natural PCNs a good choice for empiric therapy?

A

no

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16
Q

Staphylococci that are resistant to penicillinase resistant PCNs

A

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

17
Q

Should fluoroquinolones be used to empiric MRSA therapy?

A

no

18
Q

DOC penicillinase resistant PCNs

A

SSTI and endocarditis caused by MSSA

19
Q

Advantages of Penicillinase Resistant PCNs over Vancomycin

A

more rapidly bactericidal
oral administration

20
Q

Augmentin

A

amoxicillin + clavulanate

21
Q

Unaysn

A

ampicillin + sulbactam

22
Q

Zosyn (IV)

A

piperacillin/tazobactam

23
Q

Timentin (IV)

A

ticarcillin/clavulanate

24
Q

What is ampicillin + gentamicin used for?

A

Neonatal infections (meningitis)

25
Q

what has become increasingly resistant to amoxicillin?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci)

26
Q

Resistance to PCNs can be caused by

A

beta lactamase
decreased affinity of PBP for drug
decreased entry of drug via porin

27
Q

Amoxicillin oral DOC

A

otitis media

28
Q

Ampicillin IV DOC

A

susceptible enterococci and Listeria monocytogenes

29
Q

Which aminopenicillin has better bioavailability?

A

Amoxicillin

30
Q

Are aminopenicillins bacteriocidal or static?

A

Generally bactericidal

but they are bacteriostatic against enterococci

31
Q

What do you add for synergy to aminopencillins against enterococci?

A

aminoglycoside — then it will be bactericidal

32
Q

Why are antipseudomonal PCNs given IV?

A

they are destroyed by gastric acid

33
Q

Which combination agent is the only one given PO?

A

Augmentin

34
Q

What penicillins are destroyed by gastric acid?

A

naturally occurring PCNs
Antipseudomonal PCNs

35
Q

How are most PCNs eliminated?

A

renal tubular secretion

36
Q

Half lives of most PCNs?

A

30-60 min

37
Q

Which PCNs are eliminated by biliary excretion?

A

Ampicillin and nafcillin

38
Q

ADE of PCNs

A

Hypersensitivity –> urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock and interstitial nephritis, hepatitis, serum sickness
Diarrhea
Neurotoxicity (can cause seizures)

39
Q

Which PCN is most likely to cause maculopapular rash in pts with viral infection?

A

Ampicillin

PHARM 2 (22 decks)

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