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anatomy > Pelvis & Thigh > Flashcards

Pelvis & Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are four functions of the pelvic girdle?

A

Withstand weight bearing and locomotion
Strength and stability rather than mobility.
Protect organs of reproduction, digestion & urination.
Lin between trunk and lower limbs.

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2
Q

What are the three bones of the pelvis?

A

Ilium, Pubis & Ischium.

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3
Q

List 8 bony features of the pelvis visible in the anterior view.

A

Iliac crest, sacroiliac joint, iliac fossa, ASIS, Ischial tuberosity, sacrum, pubic symphysis.

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4
Q

What are the functions of the posterior ligaments of the pelvis?

A

Strong posterior support.
Gluteal and spinal muscle origins.
Body weight passes through these.

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5
Q

Describe the sacrum and sacroiliac joint.

A 
Sacrum, made from 5 sacral vertebra.
fuse after puberty.
Synovial joint with firbrocartilage inside.
slight movement in pregnancy.
strong ligaments.
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6
Q

Describe the pubic symphsis.

A

No movement.
Some movement in pregnancy.
fibrocartilagenous disk.
reinforced by the superior and inferior pubic ligaments.

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7
Q

List the differences of the female pelvis compared to the male.

A 
Child bearing.
Enlarged pelvic outlet.
broader pubic angle >100 degrees
Less curvature of the coccyx.
Wider more circular pelvic inlet.
broader pelvis.
ilia project further laterally.
ilia don't project as far superiorly.
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8
Q

Describe the femoral triangle.

A

The triangular shape in the anterior of the thigh defined by the boarders of the inguinal ligament, adductor longus and sartorius. Contains the Femoral nerve, artery and vein, lymph vessels.

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9
Q

List the arteries of the leg. Proximal to distal.

A

Femoral - popliteal - anterior and posterior Tibial arteries.

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10
Q

List the veins of the leg.

A

Deep veins following arteries. Femoral - Popliteal - Tibial

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11
Q

Describe the lumbrosacral plexus.

A

lumbar and sacral nerves, L1 - S3.
To pelvic organs and lower limb.
Sensory, motor and autonomic.

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12
Q

Describe the Femoral nerve.

A 
L2 - L4. 
Motor: 
anterior; sartorius and quadriceps.
medial; pectineus and iliopsoas.
Sensory:
Anteromedial thigh, medial leg and foot.
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13
Q

Describe the Obturator nerve.

A

L2 - L4
Motor:
Adductor muscles + ichial portion of adductor magnus.

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14
Q

Describe the sciatic nerve.

A

L4 - S3
Motor:
Hamstrings, Adductor Magnus (hamstring portion)
Largest nerve.
Exits pelvis posteriorly via greater sciatic foramen below piriformis.
Divides above politeal fossa into tibial and fibular/peroneal.
Most common injury = disc compression at nerve root level.
Sensory: Not directly, though branches.

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15
Q

Describe the hip joint.

A

Synovial
Ball and socket
Joint capsule extends over neck of femur.
deep fossa - Acetabulum.
Ligament and vessels to the head of femur.
Fibrocartilage pan and rim.

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16
Q

List the Major ligaments of the hip joint.

A

Iliofemoral ligament.
Pubofemoral ligament.
Ischiofemoral ligament.

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17
Q

Describe the stability of the Hip.

A

Bony socket and labrum.
Strong articular capsule.
Supporting ligaments.
Muscular padding.

18
Q

Describe the movements of the hip.

A

Abduction and adduction.
Flexion and extension
Rotation.

19
Q

Describe the gluteus maximus.

A

Origin: Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, lumbrodorsal fascia.
Insertion:Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity.
Action: Extension and lateral rotation of the hip.
Nerve Supply: Inferior gluteal (L5 - S2)

20
Q

Describe the gluteus medius.

A

Origin: Ilium, superiorly.
Insertion: Greator trochanter.
Action: Abducts the hip, stabilises.
Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal. (L4 - S1)

21
Q

Describe the gluteus minimus.

A

Origin: Lateral ilium.
Insertion: Greater Trochanter.
Action: Abducts the hip.
Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal. (L4 - S1)

22
Q

Describe the role of Gluteus Medius and Minimus.

A

Support a level pelvis in unilateral stance.

Important in walking.

23
Q

Describe the Tensor Facia Latae.

A

Origin: Iliac Crest, Lateral ASIS
Insertion:Iliotibial tract which inserts onto the lateral epicondyle.
Action:Flex & medially rotate hip. Tenses which supports the knee laterally.
Nerve Supply: Superior Gluteal. (L4 - S1)

24
Q

Describe the lateral rotator group. Naming all muscles.

A 
Rotates the hip - more lateral rotation than medial.
Turns the femur outwards.
PGOGOQ
Piriformis
Gemelli Superior
Obturator externus
Gemelli Inferior
Obturator Internus
Quadratus femoris
25
Q

Describe the Iliopsoas structure.

A

Two muscles.

Iliacus and psoas major.

26
Q

Describe the Iliacus.

A

Origin: Iliac fossa of ilium.
Insertion: Lesser trochanter, along with psoas major.
Action: Hip flexion.
Nerve Supply: Femoral (L2 - L3)

27
Q

Describe the Psoas Major.

A

Origin: T12 - L5 Anteriorly
Insertion: Lesser trochanter.
Action: Hip flexion.
Nerve Supply:Branches of lumbar plexus. (L2 - L3)

28
Q

What are the anterior thigh muscles?

A 
Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
29
Q

Describe the Rectus Femoris.

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, superior rim of acetabulum.
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patella ligament.
Action: Extend the knee and flex hip.
Nerve Supply: Femoral (L2 - L4)

30
Q

Describe the three Vasti Muscles.

A

Origin:
Intermedius: anterolateral femur & linea aspera
Lateralis:Anterior, inferior to greater trochanter & linea aspera.
Medialis: Linea aspera & intertronchanteric line.
Insertion:Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.
Action: Extend the Knee
Nerve Supply: Femoral (L2 - L4)

31
Q

Describe the Sartorius muscle.

A

Origin: Anterior, Superior Iliac Spine
Insertion: Medial, proximal tibia
Action: Knee flexion, hip flexion and lateral rotation.
Nerve Supply: Femoral (L2 - L3)

32
Q

Describe the adductor magnus.

A

Has two heads.
Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis (Adductor head) & ichial tuberosity (hamstring head)
Insertion: Linear aspera, adductor tubercle femur.
Action: Adduction of the thigh
Nerve Supply: Obturator and sciatic.

33
Q

Describe Adductor Longus and Brevis.

A

Origin: Inferior Ramus of pubis.
Insertion: Linea Aspera of femur.
Action: Adduct thigh.
Nerve Supply: Obturator (L3 - L4) and Sciatic (L4 - S3)

34
Q

Describe the pectineus.

A

Origin: Inferior ramus if pubis.
Insertion: Linea aspera of femur
Action: Adduct, medially rotate, flex thigh.
Nerve Supply: Femoral (L2 - L3)

35
Q

Describe the pectineus Muscle.

A

Origin: Inferior ramus if pubis.
Insertion: Linea aspera of femur
Action: Adduct, medially rotate, flex thigh.
Nerve Supply: Femoral (L2 - L3)

36
Q

Describe the Gracilis Muscle.

A

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis.
Insertion: Linea Aspera of femur.
Action: Adduct & mediallly rotate thigh/flex the knee.
Nerve Supply: Obturator (L3-L4)

37
Q

Name the muscles of the posterior thigh.

A

Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
(one head of adductor magnus)

38
Q

Describe the biceps femoris.

A

Two heads
Origin: Long Head - Ischial tuberosity
Short head - Linea Aspera
Insertion: Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia.
Action: Knee flexion, hip extension and Lateral rotation.
Nerve Supply: Tibial and common fibular.

39
Q

Describe the semimembranosus.

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Posterior of medial condyle of tibia.
Action: Knee flexion, hip extension & medial rotation.
Nerve Supply: Sciatic ( tibial portion)

40
Q

Describe the semimembranosus muscle.

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Posterior of medial condyle of tibia.
Action: Knee flexion, hip extension & medial rotation.
Nerve Supply: Sciatic ( tibial portion)

41
Q

Describe the semitendinosus muscle.

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia.
Action: Knee flexion, hip extension & medial rotation.
Nerve Supply:Sciatic (tibial protion)

anatomy (11 decks)

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