Leg

Question 1

Describe the proximal tibiofibular joint.

Answer 1

Plane joint.
synovial joint.
Only 10% of weight from femur travels through this joint.
Glides when ankle moves.
Joint capsule.
anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments.

Question 2

Name the three compartments of the leg.

Answer 2

Lateral, posterior and anterior.

Question 3

List the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.

Answer 3

Dorsiflexor muscles.
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Fibularis Tertius

Question 4

Describe the Tibialis Anterior.

Answer 4

Origin: Tibia - Superior/lateral, interossues membrane.
Insertion: Medial cuniform & base 1st metatarsal.
Action: Dorsiflexes ankle & inverts foot.
Nerve Supply: Deep Fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Question 5

Describe the extensor digitorum longus.

Answer 5

Origin: Tibia - Lateral condyle, Fibula - superior medial surface.
Insertion: Middle & distal phalanges 2 - 5 digits.
Action: dorsiflexion ankle,extension toes.
Nerve Supply: Deep Fibular (L4, L5)

Question 6

Describe the extensor hallucis longus.

Answer 6

Origin: Fibula - Anterior surface, interosseus membrane.
Insertion: Dorsal base of distal phalanx of hallux.
Action: dorsiflexors ankle, extends hallux.
Nerve Supply: Deep Fibular (L4, L5)

Question 7

Describe Fibularis Tertius.

Answer 7

Origin: Fibula - inferior anterior, interosseus membrane.
Insertion: Dorsal Base 5th metatarsal.
Action: Dorsiflexes andkle, everts foot.
Nerve Supply:Deep fibular (L4, L5)

Question 8

What two muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 8

Fibularis Longus

Fibulariss Brevis.

Question 9

Describe the Fibular Longus.

Answer 9

Origin: Upper lateral fibular.
Insertion: Base 5th metatarsal & medial cuniform.
Action: Foot eversion.
Nerve Supply: Superficial Fibular. (L5, S1, S2)

Question 10

Describe the Fibularis Brevis.

Answer 10

Origin: Lateral fibular.
Insertion: Tuberosity on base of 5th metatarsal.
Action: Foot eversion.
Nerve Supply: Superficial Fibular. (L5, S1, S2)

Question 11

List the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg.

Answer 11

Superficial:
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Deep:
Popliteus
Flexor Hallucis Longus 
Flexor Digitorum Longus.
Tibialis Posterior.

Question 12

Describe the Gastrocnemius.

Answer 12

Origin: Lateral Head: lateral condyle of femur.
Medial head: Superior to medial condyle of femur.
Insertion: Calcaeus via calcaneal tendon.
Action: Ankle plantarflexion, knee flexion.
Nerve Supply: Tibial (S1, S2)

Question 13

Describe the Soleus.

Answer 13

Origin: Tibia - Upper posterior/medial surface
Fibula - posterior, superior 1/4
Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.
Action: Ankle plantarflexion.
Nerve Supply: Tibial (S1, S2)

Question 14

Describe the Plantaris.

Answer 14

Origin: Inferior end of supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal.
Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.
Action: Plantarflexion, knee flexion.
Nerve Supply: Tibial (S1, S2)

Question 15

Describe the popliteus.

Answer 15

Origin: Lateral condyle femur &lateral meniscus.
Insertion: Posterior proximal tibia.
Action: Knee flexion, medial rotation of tibia.
Nerve Supply: Tibil (L4 - S1)

Question 16

Describe tibialis posterior.

Answer 16

Origin: Interosseus membrane, posterior tibia and fibula.
Insertion: Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid bases metatarsels 2-4.
Action:
Nerve Supply: Tibial (L4, L5)

Question 17

Describe Flexor hallucix longus.

Answer 17

Origin: Inferior posterior fibula, inferior interosseus membrane.
Insertion: Base distal phalanx hallux.
Action: Flexes hallux, weak plantar fexion , arch support.
Nerve Supply: Tibial (S2, S3)

Question 18

Describe flexor digitorum longus.

Answer 18

Origin: Medial posterior tibia inferior to soleal line.
Insertion: Base distal phalanges lateral 4 toes.
Action: Flex lateral 4 toes, plantarflexion (arch support)
Nerve Supply: Tibial (S2, S3)

Question 19

Describe the tibial nerve.

Answer 19

Motor:
Posterior compartment
Medial branch of sciatic, descends through popiteal fossa, enters posterior compartment deep to gastrocnemius.
Sensory:
Skin over anterior leg, dorsal & lateral surface of foot.

Question 20

Describe the common fibular nerve.

Answer 20

Motor:
Biceps femoris short head.
From popliteal fossa, winds forwad around head of fibula and divides.
Sensory:
Skin over anterior leg, dorsal and lateral surface of foot.

Question 21

Describe the Deep fibular nerve.

Answer 21

Motor:

Anterior compartment.

Question 22

Describe the superficial fibular nerve.

Answer 22

Lateral compartment.