Knee

Question 1

Describe in brief the Knee Joint. (8 points)

Answer 1

Synovial Hinge.
Between tibia and femur.
Two femorotibial & one patellofemoral articulations
Does not include tibia and fibular articulation.
transfer of weight - femur - tibia = stability.
Extension - 0 to flexion 140 degrees.
Lengthen and shorten lower limb in - mobility.
Most stable in extension.

Question 2

Describe the distal femur.

Answer 2

Lateral and medial Epicondyles.
Lateral and medial condyles.
Patellar surface.
Intercondylar fossa.

Question 3

Describe the proximal tibia and fibula.

Answer 3

Lateral and medial condyle.
Gerdy's tuburcle
Proximal tibio-fibular joint.
tibial tuberosity.
intercondylar eminence.

Question 4

Describe the Articular capsule.

Answer 4

Thin capsule.
Strengthened by ligaments and tendons.
Blends with quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament anteriorly.

Question 5

Describe the inside of the Joint capsule.

Answer 5

Contains two menisci - fibrocartilaginous C-shaped pads.
Medial and lateral.
Transverse ligament. 
Infrapatella fat pad.
suprapatella bursa
popliteus tendon
posterior meniscofemoral ligament.

Question 6

Describe the inside of the Joint capsule.

Answer 6

Contains two menisci - fibrocartilaginous C-shaped pads.
Medial and lateral.
Transverse ligament. 
Infrapatella fat pad.
suprapatella bursa
popliteus tendon
posterior meniscofemoral ligament.
Cruciate ligaments.

Question 7

Describe the function of the menisci.

Answer 7

Shock absorption.
Conform to articular surfaces as joint moves.
Deepen the articular surface of tibia.
maintains lateral stability.
Decreases friction.

Question 8

Describe specifically the medial and lateral menisci.

Answer 8

Medial:
Attached at margins to joint capsule and tibial collateral ligament.
Lateral:
Smaller, not attached to joint capsule.

Question 9

Describe possible menisci injuries.

Answer 9

Tearing - A section can tear off and float in the joint.
Damage during weight bearing - blow to the side of the knee.
Degenerative.

Question 10

Describe the patellar ligament.

Answer 10

Connects patella to tibia - inserts onto the tibial tuberosity.

Question 11

List the ligaments of the knee.

Answer 11

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament.
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament.

Question 12

Describe the collateral ligaments.

Answer 12

Medial - reinforces joint, Broad and flat, is connected to medial meniscus.
Lateral - reinforces joint, Cord like.
Both taught in extension.

Question 13

Describe the cruciate ligaments.

Answer 13

Anterior cruciate - origin anterior on tibia.
prevents anterior displacement of tibia relative to femur.
Posterior cruciate - origin posterior on tibia.
prevents posterior displacement of tibia relative to femur.