Pelvis Part 2 Flashcards
male pelivs
smaller angle, thick and heavy bones, deeper
female pelvis
wider angle, thinner bones, wide and shallow set
pelvic diaphragm
-floor of pelvic cavity
-interrupted by the urogenital hiatus
-consists of levator ani and coccygeus
urogenital hiatus
allows passage of the urethra and vagina in women and membranous urethra in males
leavtor ani
-iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis
-supports and maintains position of pelvic organs
coccygeus
supports pelvic organs
puborectalis
forms sling around rectus at anorectal junction, keeps poop in
lateral pelvic wall
obturator internus and obturator membrane, inserts on femur
posterior pelvic wall
piriformis and sacral pelvis, femur
endopelvic fascia
consists of parietal fascia and visceral fascia
parietal fascia
covers the surface of the sacrum, coccyx, and muscles of the pelvic wall and floor
visceral fascia
uterosacral ligament, cardinal ligament
cardinal ligament
cervix to fascia of piriformis
uterosacral ligament
uterus to sacrum
pelvic spaces
parietal peritoneum from abdominal cavity extends into pelvic cavity and covers superior portions of pelvic viscera and creates recesses (pouches)
pouches
includes rectovesical pouch, vesicouterine pouch, and rectouterine pouch
rectovesical pouch
male, space between bladder and rectum
vesicouterine pouch
female, space between bladder and uterus
rectouterine pouch
female, space between rectum and uterus
internal iliac arteries
-supply pelvis and perineal structures
-divides into anterior and posterior divisions
anterior division of internal iliac artery
**viscera and organs
-obturator arteries
-middle rectal arteries
-uterine and vaginal arteries
-inferior vesical arteries
-superior vesical arteries
-internal pudendal arteries
posterior division of internal iliac artery
**think muscles
-iliolumbar arteries
-lateral sacral arteries
-superior gluteal arteries
-inferior gluteal arteries
venous drainage
series of venous plexuses surrounds pelvis viscera and generally drain into internal iliac vveins
gonads
drained by gonadal veins, right drains directly into inferior vena cava and left drains into left renal vein
pelvic somatic innervation
-skeletal muscle and skin of the pelvis diaphragm, pelvic wall, and perineum are innervated by sacral plexus
sacral plexus
-anterior rami S1-S4
-receives contributions from lumbar spinal nerves via the lumbosacral trunk
two major branches off the sacral plexus
pudendal nerve and nerves to levator ani and coccygeus
pudendal nerve
S2-S4, voluntary motor for external anal and urethral sphincters, sensory of genitalia
nerves to levator ani and coccygeus
S3-S4, motor for pelvic diaphragm
pelvic autonomic innervation
smooth muscle and perineal vasculature innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic plexuses
superior hypogastric plexus
continues as right and left hypogastric nerves that synapse w postgang fibers associated within inferior hypogastric plexus
how do postganglionic fibers travel
travel along arteries to pelvic and perineal viscera
what does superior hypogastric plexus do
-close sphincters
-stimulates orgasm and ejaculation
-opens sphincters
-bladder emptying
pelvic viscera
portions of digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems that are contained within the lesser pelvis
rectum
-rectosigmoidal junction
-lacks teniae coli and omental appendages
- 3 transverse rectal folds
-terminal part bends sharply posterior at anorectal flexure (become anal canal)
what keeps rectum in constant state of contraction
puborectalis, only relaxes while pooping
rectum supplied by
superior rectal arteries of inferior mesenteric, middle rectal arteries of anterior division of internal iliac
rectum drained by
rectal venous plexus and superior rectal vein, middle rectal vein and inferior rectal vein
ureters
-retroperitoneal muscular tubes connecting kidneys to urinary bladder
-arise from renal pelvis within kidney hilum
-pierces that lateral aspect of bladder wall in an oblique inferomedial angle
autonomic innervation of ureters
-renal, aortic, superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses
sesnory fibers from ureters enter spinal cord
-at T11-T12
-ureteric pain refer to dermatomes
urinary bladder
-muscular reservoir for urine
-apex, fundus, neck, and body
-trigone
-detrusor muscle
-median umbilical ligament
trigone
formed by ureters and internal urethral arteries
detrusor muscle
-contracts bladder during urination (smooth muscle, autonomic innervation)
-contributes to internal urethral sphincter
median umbilical ligament
supports urinary bladder
urinary bladder supplied by
superior and inferior vesical arteries of internal iliac arteries
urinary bladder drained by
superior and inferior vesical veins
urethra
-begins at internal urethral orifice and ends at external urethral orifice
-drains the bladder
female urethra
-short
-travels through deep perineal pouch to the vestibule of the vagina
paraurethral glands
flank the urethra and aid in lubricating the vestibule
male urethra
-long
-divided inot intramural, prosthetic, intermediate, and spongy portions
-passes through prostate, deep perineal pouch, and corpus spongiosum
intramural urethra
passes through wall of urinary bladder before entering prostate
prosthetic urethra
receives secretions from vas deferens and seminal and prostate glands
intermediate urethra
-surrounded by external urethral sphincter
-flanked by bulbourethral glands that empty secretions into spongy urethra
spongy urethra
expands within glands to form navicular fossa
fallopian tubes
-transports ovum from ovary to uterus
-consist of infundibulum with fimbriae, ampulla, isthmus, and intramural segment
ampulla
where fertilization occurs
isthmus
narrowed region of fallopian tube
intramural segment of fallopian tube
portion contained within the wall of the uterus
uterus
-involved in implantation, gestation, menstruation, and labor
-fundus, cornu, body, and cervix
curnu
uterine horn
cervix
protrudes into vagina and includes internal os, cervical canal, and external os
vagina
-between cervix to vestibule of vagina
-provides passageway for blood and mucosal tissue during menstruation
-where penis enters
-passage for childbirth
fornix
protrusion of cervix into vagina
muscles that compress vagina
-pubovaginalis
-external urethral sphincter
-urethrovaginal sphincter
-bulbospongiosus
cortex of ovary
ovarian follicles each containing an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells
broad ligament for uterus
-forms pelvic wall attachment
-mesometrium(uterine body), mesovarium(ovary), mesosalpinx(fallopian tube)
suspensory ligament
-continuous with broad ligament
-supports position of ovaries
-draped over ovarium arteries and veins
ligament of the ovary
attaches ovary to uterus
round ligament of uterus
-previously the gubernaculum
-extends anterolaterally from uterus
-travels through inguinal canal, and inserts into labia majora
ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus supplied by
uterine and ovarian arteries of anterior division of internal iliac arteries
superior vagina supplied by
vaginal arteries
inferior vagina supplied by
branches off internal pudendal arteries
ovary and vagina structures drained by
uterine venous plexus which drains into uterine veins of the iliac veins
inferior portion of vagina somatic innervation
deep perineal nerve of the pudendal nerve
