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Human anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Lower limb

A

-articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle
-consists of gluteal, thigh, knee, leg, ankle, and foot regions

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2
Q

femur

A

-longest bone in the body
-articulates with acetabulum and tibia

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3
Q

greater trochanter

A

-part of femur
-attachment for glute muscles, piriformis, and vastis lateralis

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4
Q

lesser trochanter

A

-part of femur
-attachment for psoas major and iliacus

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5
Q

intertrochanteric crest

A

attachment for quadratus femoris

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6
Q

intertrochanteric line

A

attaches vastus intermedius and vastus medialis

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7
Q

gluteal tuberosity

A

attach glute maximus

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8
Q

linea aspera

A

attaches vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, adductor muscles, and bicep femoris

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9
Q

medial and laterl condyles

A

articulate with tibia

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10
Q

medial epicondyle

A

attaches medial collateral ligament of knee, adductor magnus via adductor tubercle, and gastrocnemius

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11
Q

lateral epicondyle

A

attaches lateral collateral ligament of knee joint and patellar surface

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12
Q

patella

A

-kneecap
-articulate with femur
-sesamoid bone (within a tendon)
-protects knee joint and acts as a lever

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13
Q

patella parts

A

-apex
-base
-medial and lateral articular surfaces

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14
Q

Tibia

A

-shinbone

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15
Q

lateral condyle of tibia

A

articulate with femur

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16
Q

fibular articular facet

A

articulates w head of fibula forming superior tibiofibular joint

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17
Q

tibial tuberosity

A

attaches patellar ligament

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18
Q

shaft of tibia

A

contains anterior border and crest

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19
Q

fibular notch of tibia

A

articulates with fibula forming inferior tibiofibular joint

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20
Q

medial malleolus

A

part of ankle joint

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21
Q

head of fibula

A

articulates with lateral condyle of tibia

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22
Q

lateral malleolus of fibula

A

part of ankle joint

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23
Q

tarsals

A

articulate with tibia and fibula and metatarsals

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24
Q

tarsals

A

talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform

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25
Q

calcaneous

A

attaches achilles tendon

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26
Q

metatarsals

A

articulate with tarsals and phalanges, heads from the ball of the foot

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27
Q

phalanges

A

-2-5 have a proximal, middle, and distal phalanx and 1st digit has proximal and distal phalanx
-articulate w metatarsals

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27
Q

functions of three arches in the foot

A

-shock absorption
-supported by interlocking tarsal bones, strong ligaments, and pull of tendons

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27
Q

3 arches in the foot

A

-medial longitudinal arch
-lateral longitudinal arch
-transverse arch

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28
Q

medial longitudinal arch

A

high arch produced by the talus at the talonavicular joint

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29
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A

low arch mostly produced by the cuboid

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30
Q

transverse arch

A

follows tarsometatarsal joints

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31
Q

superficial fascia

A

-deep to the skin
-loose connective tissue, adipose, superficial veins, lymphatic vessels, and cutaneous nerves

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32
Q

deep fascia

A

-strong
-envelopes muscles to improve muscle contraction
-aids in venous blood flow return to heart

33
Q

fascia lata

A

thigh

34
Q

crural fascia

A

leg (continuous with fascia lata)

35
Q

saphenous opening of fascia lata

A

allow great saphenous vein to drain into femoral veini

36
Q

iliotibial tract (band)

A

-lateral thickening of the tensor fascia that runs from ilium to tibia
-shared distal tendon of tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus

37
Q

fascial intermuscular septa

A

project internally to attach bone to create rigid compartments of the thigh and leg

38
Q

anterior thigh muscles

A

iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus

39
Q

iliacus and psoas major

A

-flex thigh or trunk
-innervated by femoral nerve

40
Q

sartorius

A

-flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh
-innervated by femoral nerve

41
Q

pectineus

A

-adducts thigh
-innervated by femoral nerve

42
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius
-extends leg
-innervated by femoral nerve

43
Q

medial thigh muscles

A

-adductors
-gracilis
-obturator externus

44
Q

adductors

A

-adductor brevis, longus, and magnus
-adducts the thigh
-innervated by obturator nerve

45
Q

gracilis

A

-adducts thigh
-innervated by obturator nerve

46
Q

obturator externus

A

-laterally rotates thigh
-innervated by obturator nerve

47
Q

femoral triangle

A

-contain important neurovascular structures
-include femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and lymphatics

48
Q

boundaries of femoral triangle

A

-lateral: sartorius
-medial: adductor longus
-superior: inguinal ligament
-inferior: iliopsoas and pectineus

49
Q

adductor canal

A

-begins at apex of femoral triangle
-an intermuscular pathway for femoral artery and vein

50
Q

boundaries of adductor canal

A

-posteromedial: adductor longus and magnus
-anterior: sartorius
-lateral: vastus medialis

51
Q

gluteal region muscles

A

-gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus
-tensor fascia lata

52
Q

gluteus maximus

A

-extends thigh
-innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

53
Q

gluteus medius and minimus

A

-abducts and medially rotates thigh
-innervated by superior gluteal nerves

54
Q

tensor fascia lata

A

-tenses iliotibial tract along with gluteus maximus
-innervated by superior gluteal nerve

55
Q

piriformis

A

-laterally rotates thigh
=innervated by nerve to the piriformis

56
Q

obturator internus

A

-laterally rotates thigh
-innervated by nerve to obturator internus

57
Q

superior gamellus

A

-laterally rotate thigh
-innervated by nerve to obturator internus

58
Q

inferior gamellus

A

-laterally rotate thigh
-innervated by nerve to quadratus femoris

59
Q

sciatic nerve exits the pelvis

A

inferior to the piriformis

60
Q

gluteal bursae

A

-flattened membranous sacs containing a capillary layer that produces synovial fluid
-separates gluteal regional muscles from adjacent structures to reduce friction

61
Q

posterior thigh muscles

A

-bicep femoris
-semitendinosus
-semimembranosus

62
Q

bicep femoris

A

-extends thigh and flexes leg
-long and short head
-innervated by sciatic nerve

63
Q

semitendenosus

A

-extends thigh and flexes leg
-innervated by sciatic nerve

64
Q

semimembranosus

A

-extends thigh and flexes leg
-innervated by sciatic nerve

65
Q

anterior leg muscles

A

-tibialis anterior
-extensor digitorum longus
-extensor hallucis longus
-fibularis longus
-fibularis brevis

66
Q

tibialis anterior

A

-dorsiflexes foot
-innervated by deep fibular nerve

67
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

-extends 2-5 digits
-innervated by deep fibular nerve

68
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

-extends big toe
-innervated by deep fibular nerve

69
Q

fibularis longus

A

-plantar flexes and everts foot
-innervated by superficial fibular nerve

70
Q

fibularis brevis

A

-plantar flexes
-innervated by superficial fibular nerve

71
Q

extensor retinacula

A

thickenings of the crural fascia that binds down the extensor tendons

72
Q

fibular retinacula

A

thickenings of crural fascia that bind down the fibularis tendons as they pass posterior to the lateral malleolus

73
Q

superficial lateral leg muscles

A

-gastrocnemius
-soleus
-plantaris

74
Q

gastrocnemius

A

-plantar flexes foot
-innervated by tibial nerve

75
Q

soleus

A

-plantar flexes foot
-innervated by tibial nerve

76
Q

plantaris

A

-plantar flexes foot
-innervated by tibial nerve

77
Q

tricep surae

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

78
Q

deep posterior leg muscles

A

-popliteus
-tibialis posterior
-flexor digitorum longus
-flexor hallucis longus

79
Q

popliteus

A

-unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia
-innervated by tibial nerve

80
Q

tibialis posterior

A

-plantar flexes and inverts foot
-innervated by tibial nerve

81
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

-plantar flexes and inverts foot
-flex 2-5 digit
-innervated by tibial nerve

82
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

-plantar flex and invert foot
-flex big toe
-innervated by tibial nerve

Human anatomy (13 decks)

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