Lower Limb Part 2 Flashcards
popliteal fossa
-contains impotant neurovascular structures
-popliteal artery, tibial and common fibular nerves, lymphatic vessels, and fat
tarsal tunnel
-passage found posterior to medial malleolus
-contains tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendons
tarsal tunnel syndrome
compression of tibial nerve
what innervates the sole of foot muscles
tibial nerve
layer 1 of foot muscles
-flexor digitorum brevis
-abductor hallucis
-abductor digiti minimi
layer 2 of foot muscles
-flexor accessorius
-lumbricals
layer 3 of foot muscles
-flexor hallucis brevis
-adductor hallucis
-flexor digiti minimi brevis
layer 4 of foot muscles
-plantar interossei
-dorsal interossei
dorsum foot muscles
-extensor digitorum brevis
-extensor hallucis brevis
-innervated by deep fibular nerve
arteries if lower limb
external iliac artery passes deep to inguinal ligament to become femoral artery
femoral artery
-supplies anteromedial thigh
-gives rise to profunda femoris artery which branches into the medial and lateral circumflex artery
obturator artery
-passes through obturator foramen
-supplies medial thigh muscles
popliteal artery
-supplies knee vis geniculate branches
posterior tibial artery
supplies posterior leg
fibular artery
supplies lateral leg
anterior tibial artery
-supplies anterior leg by passing though interosseus membrane
anterior tibial artery continues…
onto dorsum of foot as dorsalis pedis or form arcuate artery and dorsal metatarsal arteries
end of dorsalis pedis…
penetrates the sole of foot
posterior tibial artery divides into…
medial and lateral plantar arteries
lateral plantar arteries anastomose with
dorsalis pedis artery to form plantar arch and digital arteries
superficial veins
-dorsal metatarsal veins
-dorsal venous arch
-small saphenous vein
-great saphenous vein
small saphenous veins
travel posterior to lateral malleolus and courses up posterior leg and empties into popliteal vein
great saphenous vein
travels anterior to medial malleolus then posterior to medial femoral condyle and up medial thigh to empty into femoral vein vis saphenous opening
lumbar plexus
-ventral rami of T12 and L1-L4
-small nerve innervate the psoas muscle
-give rise to femoral and obturator nerve
femoral nerve
-passes under inguinal ligament
-innervates iliacus, pectineus, quad femoris
obturator nerve
-passes through obturator formen
-innervate obturator externus, pectineus, gracilis, and adductor muscles
sacral plexus
-ventral rami of L4-S4
-innervates glutes and deep butt muscles
sacral plexus give rise to…
-inferior gluteal nerve
-nerve to piriformis
-nerve to obturator internus
-nerve to quadratus femoris
-posterior femoral cutaneous nerve -
sciatic nerve
-passes through greater sciatic foramen and enters posterior thigh
-innervates bicep femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
what does sciatic nerve divide into
tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
tibial nerve
-innervate popliteus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, muscles of the sole feet.
ALL POSTERIOR LEG MUSCLES
sural nerve
arises from tibial and common fibular nerves
common fibular nerve
-divides into superficial and deep fibular nerves
-innervates fibularis longus, brevis, tertius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and brevis, and extensor hallucis longus and brevis
ALL ANTERIOR LEG MUSCLES
hip joint
-ball and socket joint
-has labrum that limits motion of femur head
ligamentum teres
-intracapsular ligament
-connects acetabulum notch to fovea capitis
3 extracapsular thickenings
-iliofemoral ligament
-pubofemoral ligament
-ischiofemoral ligament
-stabilizing joint
muscle tendons surrounding hip joint
for stability
knee joint
-patellofemoral (plane) joint and tibiofemoral (hinge) joint
-most complex
-plane and hinge joint
patellofemoral joint
plane joint that allows patella to glide over patella surface
tibiofemoral joint
-synovial joint
-complex synovial cavity
-communicating extensions
-noncommunicating bursa
-medial and later menisci
medial and lateral menisci
attach to condyles of tibia and stabilize the knee joint
extracapsular ligaments of knee
-medial collateral ligament
-lateral collateral ligament
-oblique popliteal ligament
-arcuate popliteal ligament
**reinforces the joint
intracapsular ligaments of the knee
-anterior cruciate
-posterior cruciate
anterior cruciate ligament
prevents anterior sliding of tibia on femur
posterior cruciate ligament
prevents posterior sliding of tibia on femur
during extension femor…
medially rotates on tibia by locking the knee by keeping the cruciate ligaments taut
ankle joint
-hinge joint between inferior ends of tibia and fibula and talus
intertarsal joints
inversion/eversion
deltoid ligament
medial malleolus to navicular
lateral ligament
consists of three bands:
-anterior and posterior talofibular ligament
-calcaneofibular ligament -
inferior ends of tibia and fibula joined together by
anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and interosseous membrane
hilton’s law
any nerve that innervates a muscle producing movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself
