Abdomen 1 Flashcards
abdomen
-between diaphragm and bony pelvis (pelvic inlet)
-abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity are continuous
-lined with peritoneum
-contains important viscera
abdominopelvic cavity
spaces within the abdomen and pelvis that are continuos with each other
peritoneum
serous membrane consisting of parietal and visceral layers separated by a fluid-filled peritoneal cavity
abdominal viscera
-gastrointestinal
-renal
-endocrine
Subdivisions of abdomen
divided into four quadrates and nine regions
anterolateral abdomen wall
-from thoracic cage to pelvis and inguinal ligaments
-skin, fatty subcutaneous, muscle and fascia, extraperitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum
muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall
-3 lateral flat muscles: external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis
-forms strong aponeurosis anteriorly
aponeurosis
forms rectus sheath that encloses rectus abdominis and interweaves the midline as the linea alba
linea alba
-midline of the rectus abdominis
-from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
where do rectus abdominis fibers run?
between tendinous intersections
pyramidalis
small muscles within the rectus sheath anterior to the inferior portion of the rectus abdominis
**absent in 20% of people
arcuate line
transition between the posterior rectus sheath covering the superior three quarters of the rectus abdominis and the tranversalis fascia covering the inferior quarter
innervation of the abdominal wall
-muscles and overlaying skin innervated by the thoracoabdominal nerve, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, and ilio-lingual nerve
-follow dermatomes
thoracoabdominal nerve
T7-T11
subcostal nerve
T12
iliohypogastric nerve and ilio-lingual nerve
L1
superior epigastric arteries
-continuation of internal thoracic arteries that pierce through the diaphragm
-enters rectal sheath and supplies superior portion of rectus abdominis
inferior epigastric arteries
-branch off external iliac arteries
-supply inferior portion of rectus abdominis
-anastomose with superior epigastric arteries
thoracoepigastric vein
-provides an alternative venous return to the heart instead of inferior vena cava
-connects superficial epigastric vein of the femoral vein and lateral thoracic vein of auxiliary vein)
superficial lymphatic vessels
-above umbilicus drain into axillary lymph nodes and vessels
-below umbilicus drain into superficial inguinal lymph nodes
inguinal region
-along inferior border of anterolateral abdominal wall between anterior superficial iliac spine and pubic tubercle
-forms inguinal canal
inguinal canal
passageway for testes/spermatic cord (males) or round ligament of uterus (females)
deep inguinal ring
-enterance
-produced by invagination of the transversalis fascia (inner surface of abdominal wall)
superficial inguinal ring
-exit
-produced by opening of the external; oblique aponeurosis forming medial crus and lateral crus
anterior wall of inguinal canal
external oblique muscle aponeurosis
posterior wall of inguinal canal
transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon
floor of inguinal canal
inguinal ligament and lacunar ligaments
roof of inguinal canal
-internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles
development of testes
-develop on posterior abdominal wall
-gubernaculum attaches to inferior pole of testes and guides the descent into the scrotum
-follow path of processes vaginalis and takes the layers of the abdominal wall with it, creating the inguinal canal
gubernaculum
fineroud connective tissue that guides the testes into the scrotum
processus vaginalis
outpouching of the perotinium through the anterior abdominal musculature
ovary development
-develop on posterior abdominal wall
-attached to uterus via gubernaculum to prevent descent and are moved into the pelvic cavity
gubernaculum in women
-becomes the round ligament of the uterus
-passes through the inguinal canal to the labia majora
spermatic cord
-bundle of ducts, nerves, and vasculature connecting testes to abdominal cavity
-nerves from the sympathetic ad genital branch
how is spermatic cord formed
-at deep inguinal ring, passes through inguinal canal, enters scrotum via the superficial inguinal ring and ends in the scrotum at the posterior border of the testes
fasicial coverings
layers derived from the anterolateral wall during prenatal descent
external spermatic fascia
derived from external oblique aponeurosis
cremaster muscle and fascia
derived from internal oblique muscle and dartos muscle
dartos muscle
-schurnches pepe
-also from internal oblique muscle
internal spermatic fascia
derived from transversalis fascia
round ligament fasical coverings
similar coverings as the spermatic cord
structures of the spermatic cord
-ductus deferens
-testicular arteries
-pampiniform venous plexus
-sympathetic nerve fibers
-genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
-lymphatic vessels
ductus deferens
sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
testicular arteries
from aorta
pampiniform venous plexus
network that drain into testicular veins
in the scrotum, what are testes and epididymis covered by?
visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginae
fibrous capsule surrounding testes and projecting inwards forming numerous lobules
lobules in testes
contain seminiferous tubules that produce sperm
immature sperm leave
the rete testes through the efferent ductules and mature in the epididymis
epididymis
has a head, body, neck, and tail
peritoneum
the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs
peritoneal cavity
potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers
mesentery
double layer of peritoneum that suspends organs from the body wall and conducts vasculature and nerves
posterior mesenteries
greater omentum, mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon
anterior mesenteries
lesser omentum, falciform ligament
falciform ligament
attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
peritoneal ligament
double layer of peritoneum that connects one organ to another (falciform ligament)
subperitoneal space
continuous interconnecting space beneath peritoneum
grater and lesser sac of the peritoneum are
connected by the omental foramen
greater sac
general cavity of the abdomin
lesser sac
omental bursa
omental foramen names
epiploic foramin or foramen of winslow
greater omentum
-from greater curvature of the stomach
-extends inferior/anterior to transverse colon/small intestine
-ascends back up to connect visceral layer of transverse colon
-split into gastrosplenic, gastrophrenic, and gastrocolic ligaments
gastrosplenic ligament
attach stomach to spleen
gastrophernic ligament
attach stomach to diaphragm
gastrocolic
-largest portion of greater omentum
-atach stomach to trasnverse colon
lesser omentum
-from lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to liver
-subdivided into hepatoduodenual and hepatogastric ligaments
hepatoduodenal ligament
-forms boundary of omental foramen
-contains portal triad
portal triad
-common bile duct
-hepatic artery
-hepatic portal vein
omental foramen
leads into the omental bursa (or lesser sac) from the greater sac
greater sac subdivisions via lesser sac
supracolic compartment and infracolic compartment
supracolic compartment
stomach liver spleen
infracolic compartment
small intestine, ascending colon, descending colon
mesentery proper
-small intestine mesentery
-suspends jejunum and ileum from posterior abdominal wall
trasnverse mesocolon
suspends transverse colon from posterior abdominal wall
sigmoid mesocolon
suspends sigmoid colon from posterior abdominal wall
endocrine means
hormone production
