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Human anatomy > Abdomen 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen 1 Flashcards

1
Q

abdomen

A

-between diaphragm and bony pelvis (pelvic inlet)
-abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity are continuous
-lined with peritoneum
-contains important viscera

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2
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

spaces within the abdomen and pelvis that are continuos with each other

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3
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane consisting of parietal and visceral layers separated by a fluid-filled peritoneal cavity

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4
Q

abdominal viscera

A

-gastrointestinal
-renal
-endocrine

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5
Q

Subdivisions of abdomen

A

divided into four quadrates and nine regions

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6
Q

anterolateral abdomen wall

A

-from thoracic cage to pelvis and inguinal ligaments
-skin, fatty subcutaneous, muscle and fascia, extraperitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall

A

-3 lateral flat muscles: external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis
-forms strong aponeurosis anteriorly

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8
Q

aponeurosis

A

forms rectus sheath that encloses rectus abdominis and interweaves the midline as the linea alba

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9
Q

linea alba

A

-midline of the rectus abdominis
-from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

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10
Q

where do rectus abdominis fibers run?

A

between tendinous intersections

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11
Q

pyramidalis

A

small muscles within the rectus sheath anterior to the inferior portion of the rectus abdominis
**absent in 20% of people

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12
Q

arcuate line

A

transition between the posterior rectus sheath covering the superior three quarters of the rectus abdominis and the tranversalis fascia covering the inferior quarter

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13
Q

innervation of the abdominal wall

A

-muscles and overlaying skin innervated by the thoracoabdominal nerve, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, and ilio-lingual nerve
-follow dermatomes

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14
Q

thoracoabdominal nerve

A

T7-T11

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15
Q

subcostal nerve

A

T12

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16
Q

iliohypogastric nerve and ilio-lingual nerve

A

L1

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17
Q

superior epigastric arteries

A

-continuation of internal thoracic arteries that pierce through the diaphragm
-enters rectal sheath and supplies superior portion of rectus abdominis

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18
Q

inferior epigastric arteries

A

-branch off external iliac arteries
-supply inferior portion of rectus abdominis
-anastomose with superior epigastric arteries

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19
Q

thoracoepigastric vein

A

-provides an alternative venous return to the heart instead of inferior vena cava
-connects superficial epigastric vein of the femoral vein and lateral thoracic vein of auxiliary vein)

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20
Q

superficial lymphatic vessels

A

-above umbilicus drain into axillary lymph nodes and vessels
-below umbilicus drain into superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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21
Q

inguinal region

A

-along inferior border of anterolateral abdominal wall between anterior superficial iliac spine and pubic tubercle
-forms inguinal canal

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22
Q

inguinal canal

A

passageway for testes/spermatic cord (males) or round ligament of uterus (females)

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23
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

-enterance
-produced by invagination of the transversalis fascia (inner surface of abdominal wall)

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24
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

-exit
-produced by opening of the external; oblique aponeurosis forming medial crus and lateral crus

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25
Q

anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

external oblique muscle aponeurosis

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26
Q

posterior wall of inguinal canal

A

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

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27
Q

floor of inguinal canal

A

inguinal ligament and lacunar ligaments

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28
Q

roof of inguinal canal

A

-internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

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29
Q

development of testes

A

-develop on posterior abdominal wall
-gubernaculum attaches to inferior pole of testes and guides the descent into the scrotum
-follow path of processes vaginalis and takes the layers of the abdominal wall with it, creating the inguinal canal

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30
Q

gubernaculum

A

fineroud connective tissue that guides the testes into the scrotum

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31
Q

processus vaginalis

A

outpouching of the perotinium through the anterior abdominal musculature

32
Q

ovary development

A

-develop on posterior abdominal wall
-attached to uterus via gubernaculum to prevent descent and are moved into the pelvic cavity

33
Q

gubernaculum in women

A

-becomes the round ligament of the uterus
-passes through the inguinal canal to the labia majora

34
Q

spermatic cord

A

-bundle of ducts, nerves, and vasculature connecting testes to abdominal cavity
-nerves from the sympathetic ad genital branch

35
Q

how is spermatic cord formed

A

-at deep inguinal ring, passes through inguinal canal, enters scrotum via the superficial inguinal ring and ends in the scrotum at the posterior border of the testes

36
Q

fasicial coverings

A

layers derived from the anterolateral wall during prenatal descent

37
Q

external spermatic fascia

A

derived from external oblique aponeurosis

38
Q

cremaster muscle and fascia

A

derived from internal oblique muscle and dartos muscle

39
Q

dartos muscle

A

-schurnches pepe
-also from internal oblique muscle

40
Q

internal spermatic fascia

A

derived from transversalis fascia

41
Q

round ligament fasical coverings

A

similar coverings as the spermatic cord

42
Q

structures of the spermatic cord

A

-ductus deferens
-testicular arteries
-pampiniform venous plexus
-sympathetic nerve fibers
-genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
-lymphatic vessels

43
Q

ductus deferens

A

sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

44
Q

testicular arteries

A

from aorta

45
Q

pampiniform venous plexus

A

network that drain into testicular veins

46
Q

in the scrotum, what are testes and epididymis covered by?

A

visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

47
Q

tunica albuginae

A

fibrous capsule surrounding testes and projecting inwards forming numerous lobules

48
Q

lobules in testes

A

contain seminiferous tubules that produce sperm

49
Q

immature sperm leave

A

the rete testes through the efferent ductules and mature in the epididymis

50
Q

epididymis

A

has a head, body, neck, and tail

51
Q

peritoneum

A

the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs

52
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers

53
Q

mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum that suspends organs from the body wall and conducts vasculature and nerves

54
Q

posterior mesenteries

A

greater omentum, mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon

55
Q

anterior mesenteries

A

lesser omentum, falciform ligament

56
Q

falciform ligament

A

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

57
Q

peritoneal ligament

A

double layer of peritoneum that connects one organ to another (falciform ligament)

58
Q

subperitoneal space

A

continuous interconnecting space beneath peritoneum

59
Q

grater and lesser sac of the peritoneum are

A

connected by the omental foramen

60
Q

greater sac

A

general cavity of the abdomin

61
Q

lesser sac

A

omental bursa

62
Q

omental foramen names

A

epiploic foramin or foramen of winslow

63
Q

greater omentum

A

-from greater curvature of the stomach
-extends inferior/anterior to transverse colon/small intestine
-ascends back up to connect visceral layer of transverse colon
-split into gastrosplenic, gastrophrenic, and gastrocolic ligaments

64
Q

gastrosplenic ligament

A

attach stomach to spleen

65
Q

gastrophernic ligament

A

attach stomach to diaphragm

66
Q

gastrocolic

A

-largest portion of greater omentum
-atach stomach to trasnverse colon

67
Q

lesser omentum

A

-from lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to liver
-subdivided into hepatoduodenual and hepatogastric ligaments

68
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A

-forms boundary of omental foramen
-contains portal triad

69
Q

portal triad

A

-common bile duct
-hepatic artery
-hepatic portal vein

70
Q

omental foramen

A

leads into the omental bursa (or lesser sac) from the greater sac

71
Q

greater sac subdivisions via lesser sac

A

supracolic compartment and infracolic compartment

72
Q

supracolic compartment

A

stomach liver spleen

73
Q

infracolic compartment

A

small intestine, ascending colon, descending colon

74
Q

mesentery proper

A

-small intestine mesentery
-suspends jejunum and ileum from posterior abdominal wall

75
Q

trasnverse mesocolon

A

suspends transverse colon from posterior abdominal wall

76
Q

sigmoid mesocolon

A

suspends sigmoid colon from posterior abdominal wall

77
Q

endocrine means

A

hormone production

Human anatomy (13 decks)

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