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Human Anatomy > Pelvis I: Urinary System > Flashcards

Pelvis I: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Urinary System consist of?

A

kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and urethra

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2
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the Urinary System?

A
  1. Removal of wastes from the body (metabolic wastes; proteins, AA’s etc.)
  2. Balance of body fluids
  3. Control blood pressure
  4. Control of red blood cell production
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3
Q

What is included in the Kidney system?

A
  • paired
  • retroperitoneal
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4
Q

What is included in the Ureters system?

A
  • paired
  • retroperitoneal
  • post to bladder

(bladder –> out)

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5
Q

What is included in the Bladder system?

A
  • Pelvis (pubic symphysis)
  • subperitoneal (under peritoneal)
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6
Q

What is included in the Urethra system?

A
  • neck of bladder
  • 4cm labia minora
  • ~20cm glans penis

(kidney –> bladder)

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7
Q

Where are the Kidneys located?

A
  • Retroperitoneal (posterior
    to peritoneum) (meaning: nothing that holds them up there, other than their blood supply)
  • Right and left hypochondriac regions
  • Right one is inferior
  • Paravertebral gutter (on each side of the vertebrae on the gutter)
  • Moves minorly with respiration
  • Obscured by intestines

Renal fascia: anterior & posterior fascia
Gerota’s
Zuckerkandl’s

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8
Q

What does it mean if you have Flank pain?

A

have pain from kidney problems

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9
Q

Where are the Perirenal fascia?

A

INSIDE the fascia

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10
Q

Where are the Pararenal spaces?

A

around (OUTSIDE) the fascia

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11
Q

What is included within the Renal Hilum?

A
  • Renal artery
  • Renal vein

ant –> post is VAU
vein
artery
ureter

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12
Q

What is the anatomy of the Perenchyma?

A

functional tissue to create urine

Cortex
- arches
- columns

Medulla
- Pyramids (large - cone shaped)
- Renal papillae*

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13
Q

What happens in the Renal papillae?

A

once it passes this it’s called urine (before that it’s called filtrate)

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14
Q

What is the anatomy of the Conducting system for Urine?

A
  • Nephron collecting duct
  • Renal papillae
  • Minor calices 3-4
  • Major calices 3-4
  • Renal pelvis
  • ureter

Minor –> Major –> Pelvis –> Ureter

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15
Q

What is the blood supply to kidney?

A
  1. Abdominal aorta
  2. Renal artery
  3. Segmental a.
  4. Interlobal a
  5. Arcuate/Cortical a
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16
Q

What is the Nephron?

A
  • Function unit of the kidney
  • 1 kidney ~1 million
    nephrons
  • Nephron=filtering unit
17
Q

What is the anatomy of a Nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle
* Bowman’s capsule
* Glomerulus
* Proximal and distal convoluted
tubule

  • Loop of Henle/nephron loop
  • Collecting duct
18
Q

How is urine produced?

A

Step 1: Glomerular Filtration
* blood gets filtered through glomerulus
* mostly water, smaller molecules and wastes

Step 2: Tubular reabsorption
* tubule returns needed substances back to blood
* reabsorbs most of the water back and nutrients and minerals your body needs

Step 3 Tubular Secretion
* Removal of left over wastes to filtrate
* Enters in collecting duct (urine, renal papillae)

19
Q

A kidney:

Both kidneys:

A

1 million nephrons

20% of total blood volume
Up to 200L of blood in 24 hours

20
Q

What is the function of Kidneys?

A
  1. Removalofwastesfromthebody (urea, creatine, amino acids…)
  2. Balance of body fluids
  3. Control blood pressure
  4. Control of red blood cell production
21
Q

What is a Ureter?

A
  • 25-30cm long
  • Partly retroperitoneal (b/c other part is subperitoneal)
22
Q

What are the 3 parts of a Ureter?

A
  • Abdominal
  • Pelvic
  • Intramural (inside the wall of bladder)
    Arterial supply from renal arteries, branches of aorta and branches of iliac
23
Q

What are the areas for kidney stones to get stuck?

A

(also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis)
- depends how much Ca2+ gets stuck

  • Ureter (right by kidney)
  • Ureter
  • Bladder
24
Q

What is the Bladder?

A
  • subperitoneal (inferior to peritoneum) (underneath peritoneum)
  • Extends above pubic symphysis
  • Arterial supply; superior and inferior vesical arteries from internal iliac artery

(fills up from bottom to top - holes on bottom)

25
Q

What are the parts of the bladder?

A
  • Apex
  • Body
  • fundus
  • Detrusor muscle: 3 layers of smooth muscle
  • Trigone: triangle made by ureteric orifices and urethra
26
Q

Detrusor muscle:

A

3 layers of smooth muscle

27
Q

Trigone:

A

triangle made by ureteric orifices and urethra

(smooth area, once bladder gets full, it stretches the trigone area)

28
Q

What is the difference b/t the Urethra in males/females?

A

Females don’t have an internal sphincter (not really need)
- why woman cross leg when sneezing after baby to try to contract b/c no internal sphincter

29
Q

What are the pouches?

A

Uterus: uterine

Rectum: rectal

Bladder: vesicle

30
Q

What is the Involuntary Sphincter?

A
  • Detrusor muscle (200ml-500ml)
  • Internal urethral sphincter
    (signals “urge”)
31
Q

What is the Voluntary Sphincter?

A

External urethral sphincter

32
Q

Urinary Tract Infection:

A
  • Infection in any part of the urinary system
  • Most of the time involves lower part of the system
  • Women greater risk

(bacteria from outside goes inside)

33
Q

What are symptoms of UTI’s?

A
  • Strong frequent urge to pee
  • Burning sensation
  • Only small amounts of urine
  • Dark, cloudy or bloody color
34
Q

What is the treatment of UTI’s?

A
  • Prevention
  • Cranberry juice * Maybe? (makes walls slippery - drink lots of water)
  • antibiotics
35
Q

Bladder Incontinence After Childbirth

Incontinence:

A
  • 3 months after birth 1/3 of women Anatomical and hormonal changes to pelvic floor muscles
  • Nerve, displacement or episiotomy damage
36
Q

What is the Bladder Incontinence After Childbirth symptoms?

A
  • Involuntary leaking of urine
  • Especially during strenuous activities (laughing, coughing and sneezing)
37
Q

What is the Bladder Incontinence After Childbirth treatment?

A
  • Time
  • Strengthening muscles and lifestyle changes
  • Medications for overactive bladder * Nerve modulations
  • Pessary (vaginal prosthetic)

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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