Musculoskeletal III (MSK III) Flashcards
What is the Lower Extremity?
The lower extremity is everything from the Hip (innominate bone) to the toes.
What are all joints included in the lower extremity?
- Hip
- Knee
- Ankle
- Foot
What is the Joint-Hip?
- Innominate
- Femur
- Innominate is 1 pelvis bone
- Ball and socket joint
- Lots of motion happens here
What is the Bones Hip-Innominate?
- There are 2 innominates (right and left) in the pelvis
- One innominate is made up from 3 fused bone (ilium, ischium and pubis)
- The place where the femur sits in is termed the acetabulum
- The acetabulum is formed by all three fused bones
How many innominates are there in the Hip bone?
2 (right & left) in the pelvis
What is one innominate made up from?
3 fused bone (ilium, ischium and pubis)
Which fused bone do you sit on?
ischium
The place where the femur sits in is termed the…
acetabulum
The ______ is formed by all 3 fused bones
acetabulum
How many bones join at acetabulum?
3
The Bone Hip-Innominate is…
- 2 innominates + sacrum + coccyx = Pelvis
- Abdominal muscles, glutes hamstrings, adductors and one quad attaches to this bone
One Hip-innominate attaches to:
- Sacrum
- Femur
- Other innominate
What is the Bones Hip-Femur?
- Strongest bone in the
body - Part of the largest joint.
- Shape can be very different from one person to another
What is the Joint-Knee made up of?
- Femur
- Tibia
- Patella
Which is the largest joint in the body?
Knee joint
* Tons of ligaments
* Synovial capsule
(but has most problems b/c of weight)
Is the fibula part of the knee joint?
it’s weak
technically not part of knee
Define joint
What is the Bones Knee-Femur?
The distal femur
- Place for patella
- The femur basically sits on top of the tibia
** Medial condyle is bigger
Which is bigger in terms of the femur in the knee?
medial condyle
What is the Bones Knee-Tibia?
- The tibia is considered the shin bone
- Found medially compared to tibia
- Quite sharp anteriorly
- get rug burn/bruises on this part
What is the Bones Knee-Patella?
- The patella is considered a sesamoid bone
- Found inside the quad tendon
- Apex is found inferiorly
What are the actions of the hip?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- External/Internal Rotation
What are the actions of the knee?
- Flexion/Extension of foot more so?
- Flexion/Extension of knee
What is apart of the Anterior Thigh?
- Iliopsoas
- Quadriceps Femoris (quads)
- Rectus Femoris (rectus means front/centre)
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus Intermedius
- Sartorius (tear drop)
What is apart of the Glute area?
- Gluteus maximus (rhon. shaped - posterior)
- Gluteus medius (lateral)
- Gluteus minimis (lateral)
- Deep lateral rotators (piriformis)
- makes legs go laterally
What is apart of the Posterior Thigh?
Hamstrings
* Biceps femoris
* Semitendinosis (strong ones - medial)
* semimembranosis (medial)
The Deep lateral rotators (piriformis)…
sits on synatic nerve & feels like a herniated disc pain
What is apart of the Medial Thigh?
- Adductors (when you pulled a groin muscle)
- Adductor magnus (biggest/thickest)
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor longus
- Pectineus
- Gracilis
What is the muscle not covered but interesting?
TFL: Tensor fascia latae
* The TFL is continuously attached to the IT band
* IT band means; iliotibial band (ilia –> tibia band)
* Strong in runners
* Flexes hip
What is the Pes Anserine?
on medial ant. tibia where 3 muscles come & insert (Gooses Foot)
- GST spot
Gracilis (adductor)
Sartorius
semiTendinosus (take some of this 1 & take it for knee replacement - ACL tear)
What is the action of the Iliopsoas muscle?
Hip flexion
What is the action of the Rectus femoris muscle?
Hip flexion, knee extension
What is the action of the Vastus Lat, med, inter muscle?
Knee extension
What is the action of the Sartorius muscle?
Hip flexion, hip abduction, hip lateral rotation and knee flexion
What is the action of the Glute max muscle?
Hip extension and lateral rot
What is the action of the Glute min muscle?
Hip abduction and med rot
What is the action of the Hamstrings muscle?
Hip extension and knee flexion
What is the action of the Piriformis muscle?
Hip lateral rotation
What is the action of adductors muscles?
Hip adduction
What is apart of the Joint-Ankle?
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Talus
What is the Bones Ankle-Tibia and Fibula?
- The distal tibia and the fibula make up the “mortise of the ankle
- like mortar & pestle
- The malleoli are what people feel as their ankle
- Fibula in Latin means brooch
What is the Bones Ankle-Talus?
- The Talus sits inside the tibia and fibula
- Many ligaments found here to stabilize the ankle
- More in number and stronger in stability on the medial side
What are the actions of the ankle?
- Platarflexion/Dorsiflexion
- Inversion/Eversion
What is apart of the Posterior Calf?
Calf
Posterior deep
Hallux
Digit
Tibia
What is apart of the Posterior deep of the ankle?
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
What is Hallux of the Posterior Calf?
big toe
What is Digit of the Posterior Calf?
4 lesser toes
What is the Tibia of the Posterior Calf?
mostly on tibia not attaching to toe
What is the Lateral Leg?
- Fibularis/peroneus= all mean near the fibula
- Tendons go behind lateral malleolus
What are the Anterior Compartment of the Ankle?
- Tibialis ant
- Ext Hallucis Long
- Ext digitorum Long
- Fibularis tertius
What is the Lateral Compartment of the Ankle?
- Fibularis longus
- Fibularis brevis
What is the Post deep Compartment of the Ankle?
- Tibialis post
- Flex Hallucis Long
- Flex digitorum Long
What is the Post superficial Compartment of the Ankle?
- Gastrocnemius
- Plantaris
- Soleus
What is the Anterior compartment of the ankles action?
Extension/dorsiflexion
What is the Posterior compartment of the ankles action?
Flexion/plantarflexion
What is the Lateral compartment of the ankles action?
eversion
What is apart of the Anterior (Extensors/dorsiflexion) of the Ankle?
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor hallucis longus
What is apart of the Posterior (flexors/plantarflexion) of the Superficial Ankle?
- Gastrocnemius
- Plantairs
- soleus
What is apart of the Posterior (flexors/plantarflexion) of the Deep Ankle?
- Tibialis Posterior
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallucis longus
What is apart of the Lateral (everters) of the Ankle?
- Fibularislongus
- Fibularisbrevis
What is apart of the ankle?
T - Tibialis posterior
D - flexor Digitorum
A - posterior tibial Artery
V - Vein
N - tibial Nerve
H - flexor Hallucis longus
(Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry)
What is the Nerves-lumbosacral Plexus?
The lumbo-sacral plexus is a group of nerves in the area that stem from L1-S4
* It serves the muscles of the lower legs
What is the separation of the Nerves-lumbosacral Plexus?
- Roots L1-S4
- Terminal branches
- Anterior
- Posterior
- What muscle group does it serve
What is the Blood Supply for the Nerves-lumbosacral Plexus?
External Iliac –> Femoral – (Adductor hiatus) -> Popliteal –> Fibular, Posterior Tibial & Anterior Tibial
What is apart of the Nerves-Lumbosacral Plexus?
- Femoral nerve
- Obturator nerve
- Superior gluteal nerve
- Inferior gluteal nerve
- Sciatic nerve
Femoral nerve (of Nerves-Lumbosacral Plexus):
Anterior
Quads
Obturator nerve (of Nerves-Lumbosacral Plexus):
Anterior/medial
Adductors
Superior gluteal nerve (of Nerves-Lumbosacral Plexus):
Posterior
Glute med + min
Inferior gluteal nerve (of Nerves-Lumbosacral Plexus):
posterior
Glute max
Sciatic nerve (of Nerves-Lumbosacral Plexus):
Hamstrings and everything below the knee
