Musculoskeletal I (MSK I) Flashcards
What are the types of bones?
- long
- short (wrists, ankles)
- irregular (all bones of vertebrate)
- sesamoid (floats in another muscle - in quad, hyoid bone)
- flat (thin –> see through; imp. when there’s a lot of weight)
- sutured
What is the axel skeleton?
has 1 bone (ex: 1 skull, 1 sernum)
What is the apendicular skeleton?
sticks out & is at the end of your torso (will have 2 bones)
Both ____ and _____ mean the area of the bone where the muscle attaches
origin
insertion
Origin:
beginning, more stable bone, doesn’t move as much
- tends to be proximal
Insertion:
end, more moveable bone, bone that will create the action
- tends to be distal - so you can move
What is unique about origins/insertions?
You can have a couple origins and a couple insertions for just one muscle.
Muscle Belly:
All the muscle fibers, contract and creates force
- shrink to move
Muscle Tendon:
Fibrous connective tissue, MUSCLE-BONE, transfers force to move the bone (origin and insertion areas)
- doesn’t shrink
Ligament:
Fibrous connective tissue, BONE-BONE, holds bones together, stops too much motion
- think: tough plastic wrap
Sprains & tears:
ligament
- done something to the ligament
- a lot of bruising
Strain, tear, or pull:
muscle (belly or tendon)
- typ. insertion is pulled
- normally bulge is higher
What are bones for?
Bones are there for support, protection and movement (muscle attachment)
1 bone is considered a _______
vertebrae
The full vertebral column has:
- 7 cervical vertebrae (breakfast)
- 12 thoracic vertebrae (lunch)
- 5 lumbar vertebrae (dinner)
- 5 fused sacral vertebrae
- 1 coccyx
Total= 30 bones
Spinous Process:
What you feel, muscle attachment
- tend to point down - inferiorally
Lamina:
X2
Pedicle:
X2
- “foot”
- directly attached to body
Body:
holds body weight, IV Disc
- largest part of a bone
Vertebral Foramen:
Holds spinal cord.
Lots in a row= spinal canal
- hole in vertebrae
Transverse Process:
X2, sideways muscle attachment
- “side to side”
What are the bony landmarks of a typ. vertebrae?
- spinous process
- lamina
- pedicle
- body
- vertebral foramen
- transverse process
Superior articular process with facets:
X2, joint
- touches inferior
- means to articulate “touch something else”
Inferior articular process with facts:
X2, joint
- touches superior
Intervertebral foramen:
Vertebral canal with spinal cord running down
Spinal nerves
means “b/t 2 bones that’re similar”
IV Disc:
cushion
What are the different sections of the Vertebral Column?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
Describe the cervical section of the vertebral column?
- Neck
*7 - All actions (extension, bending etc.)
Describe the thoracic section of the vertebral column?
- Rib cage
- 12
- Side bending and rotation
Describe the lumbar section of the vertebral column?
- Low back
*5 - Flexion and extension
What are the types of curves in the Spine?
- Lordotic (neck curve)
- Kyphotic
- Lordotic
- Kyphotic
What if you have a problem with your neck?
you have prob. with back & etc.
Breathing in causes _____ to decrease
all curves
- i.e. straightens
Cervical:
How many?
Actions?
Body shape?
SP shape?
Unique?
Look like?
7
all
squished oval
bifid short
- bifid spine,
- transverse foramen (vertebral artery)
- atlas & axis
- happy pig
Thoracic
How many?
Actions?
Body shape?
SP shape?
Unique?
Look like?
12
SB (up)
Rot (low)
Heart
Long points inferiorly
areas on body & TP ribs attachment (costal facets)
- only vertebrae that touches ribs
giraffe
Lumbar
How many?
Actions?
Body shape?
SP shape?
Unique?
Look like?
5
Flex & Ext
Kidney Bean
Short points posteriorly
Largest body
- b/c it’s where all our weight sits
Moose
What are the Unique?
- Transverse foramen
- Bifid Spine
- Atlas C1
- Axis C2
- Costal facets
- Heart shaped body
- Largest body
What is the cervical?
atlas & axis
Atlas:
- C1
- No body
- No SP (spinal process)
- Holds skull atlanto-occipital joint=flexion+extention
- holds head up
YES - head nod action
Axis:
- C2
- Dens/odontoid process
- Articulates with atlas
- Atlanto-axial joint=rotation
- always for rotation/spin
NO - shake head action
Sacrum:
- 5 fused vertebrae
- Connection between spine and pelvis (L5-Sacrum-Pelvis)
- Vertebral foramen is now called central canal
Coccyx:
- Tail bone
What are the joints?
- Movement occurs at joints.
- The shape of the joint will distinguish what type
of movement can occur
For vertebrae the joints are:
- The facet joints (2 sup, 2 inf)
- The intervertebral joints (1 sup, 1 inf)
- Making a total of 6 joints for a typical vertebrae (thoracic vertebrae have articulations to ribs)
Facet joints (zygoapophyseal joints):
2 superior, 2 inferior
* Tell how each segment of the vertebrae moves
* Plane synovial joints
Intervertebral Joints:
- Anterior of vertebrae, bodies of vertebrae
- therefore, won’t be on (1 b/c on body)
- Made for cushion and compression
- Have intervertebral disc
Annulus Fibrosis
- annual - “year round”
- “fibers”
Nucleus polposis
Squeezes 1 side so will go to the other side
Describe the Spinal Disc Herniation
doing same moment over & over (ex: bending over)
- compressed nerve root
can get squished back with rest or may need surgery
What muscles move the vertebrae?
Back muscles
3 muscles to remember:
* Erector spinae group (3 sections)
- Spinalis
- Longissimus
- Iliocostalis
* Multifidi
* Rotatores
Back muscles:
- Insertion found somewhere on vertebrae or very close to it
What are the 3 muscles to remember:
- Erector spinae group (3 sections) - moves spine up & back
- Spinalis
- Longissimus
- Iliocostalis
- Multifidi
- Rotatores
In the back where are the origins & insertion?
origins - lower
insertion - higher
What is the Erector Spinae Group?
Group 1 Spinalis (SPINE)
* Most medial
* Spinous process to spinous process & keeps going increase the whole spine
Group 2 Longissimus (LOVE)
* In between
* Transvers process to transvers process
- all way up
Group 3 Iliocostalis (I)
* Most lateral
* Ilium to ribs
What are the only 2 erector spinae group that attach to the head?
Group 1 Spinalis
Group 2 Longissimus
All keep posture by keeping the back erect in ______
extension
What is apart of the Erector Spinae Group?
- Erector Spinalis (thoracic only)
- Sp-sp
- Erector Longissimus
- Tp-tp
- Erector Iliocostalis
- Ilium-ribs
What is the Multifidi?
Origin, Insertion, Action
- consideredatransverso- spinalis muscle
- Origin: transverse process
- Insertion: 4 spinous process above
- multiple insertions
- Action: side bend same side & rotate opp. side
What is the Rotatores?
Origin, Insertion, Action
- considered a transverso- spinalis muscle
- Origin: transverse process
- Insertion: 2 spinous process
above - Action: side bend and rotate
- Kind of like a miniature multifidi
