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Human Anatomy > Musculoskeletal I (MSK I) > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal I (MSK I) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of bones?

A
  • long
  • short (wrists, ankles)
  • irregular (all bones of vertebrate)
  • sesamoid (floats in another muscle - in quad, hyoid bone)
  • flat (thin –> see through; imp. when there’s a lot of weight)
  • sutured
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2
Q

What is the axel skeleton?

A

has 1 bone (ex: 1 skull, 1 sernum)

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3
Q

What is the apendicular skeleton?

A

sticks out & is at the end of your torso (will have 2 bones)

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4
Q

Both ____ and _____ mean the area of the bone where the muscle attaches

A

origin

insertion

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5
Q

Origin:

A

beginning, more stable bone, doesn’t move as much
- tends to be proximal

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6
Q

Insertion:

A

end, more moveable bone, bone that will create the action
- tends to be distal - so you can move

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7
Q

What is unique about origins/insertions?

A

You can have a couple origins and a couple insertions for just one muscle.

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8
Q

Muscle Belly:

A

All the muscle fibers, contract and creates force
- shrink to move

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9
Q

Muscle Tendon:

A

Fibrous connective tissue, MUSCLE-BONE, transfers force to move the bone (origin and insertion areas)
- doesn’t shrink

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10
Q

Ligament:

A

Fibrous connective tissue, BONE-BONE, holds bones together, stops too much motion
- think: tough plastic wrap

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11
Q

Sprains & tears:

A

ligament
- done something to the ligament
- a lot of bruising

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12
Q

Strain, tear, or pull:

A

muscle (belly or tendon)
- typ. insertion is pulled
- normally bulge is higher

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13
Q

What are bones for?

A

Bones are there for support, protection and movement (muscle attachment)

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14
Q

1 bone is considered a _______

A

vertebrae

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15
Q

The full vertebral column has:

A
  • 7 cervical vertebrae (breakfast)
  • 12 thoracic vertebrae (lunch)
  • 5 lumbar vertebrae (dinner)
  • 5 fused sacral vertebrae
  • 1 coccyx
    Total= 30 bones
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16
Q

Spinous Process:

A

What you feel, muscle attachment
- tend to point down - inferiorally

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17
Q

Lamina:

A

X2

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18
Q

Pedicle:

A

X2
- “foot”
- directly attached to body

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19
Q

Body:

A

holds body weight, IV Disc
- largest part of a bone

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20
Q

Vertebral Foramen:

A

Holds spinal cord.
Lots in a row= spinal canal
- hole in vertebrae

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21
Q

Transverse Process:

A

X2, sideways muscle attachment
- “side to side”

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22
Q

What are the bony landmarks of a typ. vertebrae?

A
  • spinous process
  • lamina
  • pedicle
  • body
  • vertebral foramen
  • transverse process
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23
Q

Superior articular process with facets:

A

X2, joint
- touches inferior
- means to articulate “touch something else”

24
Q

Inferior articular process with facts:

A

X2, joint
- touches superior

25
Q

Intervertebral foramen:

A

Vertebral canal with spinal cord running down

Spinal nerves

means “b/t 2 bones that’re similar”

26
Q

IV Disc:

A

cushion

27
Q

What are the different sections of the Vertebral Column?

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
28
Q

Describe the cervical section of the vertebral column?

A
  • Neck
    *7
  • All actions (extension, bending etc.)
29
Q

Describe the thoracic section of the vertebral column?

A
  • Rib cage
  • 12
  • Side bending and rotation
30
Q

Describe the lumbar section of the vertebral column?

A
  • Low back
    *5
  • Flexion and extension
31
Q

What are the types of curves in the Spine?

A
  • Lordotic (neck curve)
  • Kyphotic
  • Lordotic
  • Kyphotic
32
Q

What if you have a problem with your neck?

A

you have prob. with back & etc.

33
Q

Breathing in causes _____ to decrease

A

all curves
- i.e. straightens

34
Q

Cervical:

How many?

Actions?

Body shape?

SP shape?

Unique?

Look like?

A

7

all

squished oval

bifid short

  • bifid spine,
  • transverse foramen (vertebral artery)
  • atlas & axis
  • happy pig
35
Q

Thoracic

How many?

Actions?

Body shape?

SP shape?

Unique?

Look like?

A

12

SB (up)
Rot (low)

Heart

Long points inferiorly

areas on body & TP ribs attachment (costal facets)
- only vertebrae that touches ribs

giraffe

36
Q

Lumbar

How many?

Actions?

Body shape?

SP shape?

Unique?

Look like?

A

5

Flex & Ext

Kidney Bean

Short points posteriorly

Largest body
- b/c it’s where all our weight sits

Moose

37
Q

What are the Unique?

A
  • Transverse foramen
  • Bifid Spine
  • Atlas C1
  • Axis C2
  • Costal facets
  • Heart shaped body
  • Largest body
38
Q

What is the cervical?

A

atlas & axis

39
Q

Atlas:

A
  • C1
  • No body
  • No SP (spinal process)
  • Holds skull atlanto-occipital joint=flexion+extention
  • holds head up

YES - head nod action

40
Q

Axis:

A
  • C2
  • Dens/odontoid process
  • Articulates with atlas
  • Atlanto-axial joint=rotation
  • always for rotation/spin

NO - shake head action

41
Q

Sacrum:

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae
  • Connection between spine and pelvis (L5-Sacrum-Pelvis)
  • Vertebral foramen is now called central canal
42
Q

Coccyx:

A
  • Tail bone
43
Q

What are the joints?

A
  • Movement occurs at joints.
  • The shape of the joint will distinguish what type
    of movement can occur
44
Q

For vertebrae the joints are:

A
  1. The facet joints (2 sup, 2 inf)
  2. The intervertebral joints (1 sup, 1 inf)
  • Making a total of 6 joints for a typical vertebrae (thoracic vertebrae have articulations to ribs)
45
Q

Facet joints (zygoapophyseal joints):

A

2 superior, 2 inferior
* Tell how each segment of the vertebrae moves
* Plane synovial joints

46
Q

Intervertebral Joints:

A
  • Anterior of vertebrae, bodies of vertebrae
  • therefore, won’t be on (1 b/c on body)
  • Made for cushion and compression
  • Have intervertebral disc

Annulus Fibrosis
- annual - “year round”
- “fibers”

Nucleus polposis

Squeezes 1 side so will go to the other side

47
Q

Describe the Spinal Disc Herniation

A

doing same moment over & over (ex: bending over)

  • compressed nerve root

can get squished back with rest or may need surgery

48
Q

What muscles move the vertebrae?

A

Back muscles

3 muscles to remember:
* Erector spinae group (3 sections)
- Spinalis
- Longissimus
- Iliocostalis
* Multifidi
* Rotatores

49
Q

Back muscles:

A
  • Insertion found somewhere on vertebrae or very close to it
50
Q

What are the 3 muscles to remember:

A
  • Erector spinae group (3 sections) - moves spine up & back
  • Spinalis
  • Longissimus
  • Iliocostalis
  • Multifidi
  • Rotatores
51
Q

In the back where are the origins & insertion?

A

origins - lower

insertion - higher

52
Q

What is the Erector Spinae Group?

A

Group 1 Spinalis (SPINE)
* Most medial
* Spinous process to spinous process & keeps going increase the whole spine

Group 2 Longissimus (LOVE)
* In between
* Transvers process to transvers process
- all way up

Group 3 Iliocostalis (I)
* Most lateral
* Ilium to ribs

53
Q

What are the only 2 erector spinae group that attach to the head?

A

Group 1 Spinalis

Group 2 Longissimus

54
Q

All keep posture by keeping the back erect in ______

A

extension

55
Q

What is apart of the Erector Spinae Group?

A
  • Erector Spinalis (thoracic only)
  • Sp-sp
  • Erector Longissimus
  • Tp-tp
  • Erector Iliocostalis
  • Ilium-ribs
56
Q

What is the Multifidi?

Origin, Insertion, Action

A
  • consideredatransverso- spinalis muscle
  • Origin: transverse process
  • Insertion: 4 spinous process above
  • multiple insertions
  • Action: side bend same side & rotate opp. side
57
Q

What is the Rotatores?

Origin, Insertion, Action

A
  • considered a transverso- spinalis muscle
  • Origin: transverse process
  • Insertion: 2 spinous process
    above
  • Action: side bend and rotate
  • Kind of like a miniature multifidi

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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