Pelvis Flashcards
Name the erector spinae muscles
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Name the transverso spinales muscles
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
When is there movement at the sacroiliac joint?
At the end pregnancy to facilitate expansion of the pelvic outlet
What joint is the pubic symphysis?
2º cartilagenous
What is found at the superior sacrum?
Sacral promontory
What joins the sacral body to the ileum?
The ala of the sacrum
Where is the pectineal line?
Where the pubic bone meets the ileum
What are the most common female pelvic inlet shapes?
Android and gynecoid
What are the most common male pelvic inlet shapes?
Android and anthropoid
How do you tell if a pelvis is female?
Lighter, thinner, angle of pubic arch is wider and pelvic inlet is more oval
Where do the anterior abdominal muscles meet?
Midline raphe called the linea alba
Name the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
Psoas major, (psoas minor), iliacus, quadratus lumborum, some transversus abdominis
Action of psoas major
Flexes and laterally rotates hip
Action of quadratus lumborum
Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, stabilises 12th rib while breathing
Action of transversus abdominis
Compresses abdomen
Action of iliacus
Flexes and laterally rotates hip
Describe the thoracolumbar fascia
3 layers:
Posterior thick layer, post surface of erector spinae
Middle between erector spinae and quad lumborum
Anterior thin layer covering quadratus lumborum
What is the significance of the psoas fascia?
Joins iliacus fascia in thigh
external iliac vessels lie anterior, nerves of iliac fossa posterior
Name the layers of subcutaneous fascia in the anterolateral abdominal wall
Camper fascia= superficial
Scarpa fascia= deep
Name the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall
External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis
What is the function of the inguinal canal
Allows passage of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve plus the testis and associated structures/round ligament of the uterus through the lower section of the anterior abdominal wall
What forms the inguinal ligament?
Lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis
Describe the deep inguinal ring
A funnel shaped opening in the transversalis fascia, just above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
What happens at the superficial inguinal ring?
Structures in the inguinal canal pass through the external oblique aponeurosis into the scrotum/labia majora
What is the difference between an indirect and a direct inguinal hernia?
Indirect is through the inguinal ring, lateral to epigastric vessels
Direct is through abdominal wall, medial to epigastric vessels
What is a femoral hernia?
Protrusion of peritoneum and viscera through abdominal wall below inguinal ligament
Clinically, how do you tell whether the inguinal hernia is direct or indirect?
Indirect reappears when patient coughs even when you press on inguinal ring
Describe attachments of the piriformis muscle
Anterior aspect of middle 3 sacral vertebrae, fibres pass through greater sciatic foramen then attach to greater trochanter of femur
Describe the obturator internus muscle
Obturator foramen-> through lesser sciatic foramen-> greater trochanter of femur
What is found between the obturator internus and the piriformis?
Superior gemelli
What covers the obturator internus muscle?
Sacrotuberous ligament
what is inferior to the obturator internus?
Inferior gemelli & quadratus femoris
What do the deep fibres of the external anal sphincter blend with?
The puborectalis muscle (striated, voluntary muscle)
What is the anorectal ring?
Consists of external anal sphincter, puborectalis muscle and internal anal sphincter
What is the end of the sympathetic trunk called?
The impar ganglion, found infront of coccyx
What are the sympathetic plexuses called in the pelvis?
Inferior hypogastric plexuses (inferior to bifurcation of aorta, lateral sides of rectum& extend anteriorly)
Pre-aortic plexuses
Name the two muscles in the testis
Cremaster and dartos
What is the cremasteric reflex?
Softly stroke inner thigh and testis will withdraw/elevate
Where is the pubic tubercle?
By the articular surface of the pubic symphysis
Which of the sacro- ligaments is more posterior? (on the outside)
Sacrotuberous, starts higher up sacrum
Borders of the pelvic outlet?
Ischium, coccyx
What makes up the posterior abdominal wall?
Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, iliacus
Name the nerves of the lumbar plexus in order with root values
Iliohypogastric (L1) Ilioinguinal (L1) Genitofemoral (L1, L2) Lat fem cut nerve of the thigh (L2, L3) Femoral (L2-L4) Obturator (L2-L4) Iliosacral trunk (L4, L5)
Name the nerves of the sacral plexus
Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
