Pelvic floor& Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Role of pelvic diaphragm

A

Continence and defaceation

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2
Q

Name the layers of the levator ani muscles from anterior to posterior

A
Levator prostate/sphincter vagina
Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Ischiococcygeus
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3
Q

What forms a sling around the junction between rectum and anal canal?

A

Puborectalis

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4
Q

What forms a sling around prostate/vagina?

A

Levator prostate/sphincter vagina

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5
Q

What is closely related to the ischiococcygeus muscle?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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6
Q

What is the ischiococcygeus also known as?

A

Coccygeus muscle

Tail wagging muscle (can flex coccyx)

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7
Q

What is found around the levator ani muscle?

A

Ligaments
Puboprostatic/pubovesical
Pubocervical& sacrocervical

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8
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Region inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
Overlies outlet of bony pelvis
Diamond shaped

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9
Q

Describe the perineum

A
Diamond shaped 
Anteriorly pubic symphysis
Posteriorly coccyx
Laterally ischial tuberosities
Split into anal triangle and urogenital triangle
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10
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Strong CT sheet which stretches across the urogenital triangle between ischiopubic rami

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11
Q

What is the external sphincter of the bladder also known as?

A

Sphincter urethrae
Found deep to perineal membrane
Maintains urinary continence

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12
Q

What is the perineum overlying the anal triangle called?

A

Ischioanal fossae (one on each side of anal canal)

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13
Q

What is found in the deep perineal pouch?

A

Vagina and urethra/ membranous urethra

Sphincter urethrae muscle and deep transverse perineal muscles

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14
Q

What passes through the small gap in perineal membrane just behind the pubic symphysis?

A

Veins from penis/clitoris

Join prostatic/vesical plexus

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15
Q

Where does the perineal body lie in females?

A

In the midline between lower end of vagina and anal canal

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16
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Small wedge shaped mass of fibrous tissue

Attached to perineal membrane, levator ani and perineal muscles

17
Q

What lies in the superficial perineal pouch in males?

A

2 corpora cavernosa diverge from each other as the 2 crura of the penis
Between 2 crura is enlarged proximal end of corpus spongiosum= bulb of penis

18
Q

What forms the root of the penis?

A

The crura and the bulb of the penis

Attaches the penis firmly to the body via ischiopubic rami and perineal membrane

19
Q

Where is the urethra found in the penis?

A

In the corpus spongiosum

20
Q

What muscle covers each crus of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

21
Q

What muscle is found on the under surface of the bulb of the penis? function?

A

Bulbospongiousus muscle
Helps maintain erection, functions in ejaculation with the ischiocavernosus muscles
Expels last drops of urine in micturition

22
Q

What muscle helps maintain the position of the perineal body in males?

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscles

23
Q

Where is the urethral orifice in a female?

A

Small opening just anterior to vagina

24
Q

What is found on each side of the lower end of the vagina?

A

A mass of erectile tissue- the bulb of the vestibule

Join together anteriorly

25
What forms the body of the clitoris?
2 erectile corpora cavernosa- continuous with 2 crura attached to ischiopubic rami
26
Name the superficial perineal muscles in a female
Superficial transverse perineal muscles (separated by perineal body) Ischiocavernosus muscle (around crus of clitoris) Bulbospongiosum (encircles lower end of vagina superficial to bulb of vestibule)
27
What is the bulbospongiosus muscle also called?
Sphincter vaginae (part of levator ani)
28
What is found deep to the bulb of vestibule?
Greater vestibular gland- secretes mucus via a duct into vestibule
29
Describe the borders of the ischioanal fossae
Laterally- fascia covering Obturator internus Medially- fascia in inferior surface of levator ani posteriorly- sacrotuberous ligament anteriorly- urogenital triangle
30
What is found within the ischioanal fossa?
Fat and CT fibres Pudendal nerve passes along lateral wall in pudendal canal Internal pudendal artery
31
What does the pudendal nerve divide Ito near the posterior border of the urogenital triangle?
Branch to penis/clitoris Perineal nerve to muscles of deep and sup perineal spaces+ sensory to skin of perineum and posterior surface of scrotum/labia majors
32
What does the internal pudendal artery split up into at posterior border of urogenital triangle?
Deep and dorsal arteries of penis/clitoris
33
Describe venous drainage of penis
Deep dorsal vein-> prostatic venous plexus | Superficial vein-> superficial veins of upper thigh
34
How do you find the ischioanal fossa?
Reflect back the gluteus Maximus | Found on each side of the anal canal
35
What are the consequences of pudendal nerve damage?
Genital numbness | Fecal& urinary incontinence
36
In labour, what pain would still be felt after a pudendal nerve block and why?
Only anaesthetises post perineum Pain in anterior perineum (ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves) Pain of uterine contraction and cervical dilation (T10-L2 sympathetics)