Pelvic floor& Peritoneum Flashcards
Role of pelvic diaphragm
Continence and defaceation
Name the layers of the levator ani muscles from anterior to posterior
Levator prostate/sphincter vagina Puborectalis Pubococcygeus Iliococcygeus Ischiococcygeus
What forms a sling around the junction between rectum and anal canal?
Puborectalis
What forms a sling around prostate/vagina?
Levator prostate/sphincter vagina
What is closely related to the ischiococcygeus muscle?
Sacrospinous ligament
What is the ischiococcygeus also known as?
Coccygeus muscle
Tail wagging muscle (can flex coccyx)
What is found around the levator ani muscle?
Ligaments
Puboprostatic/pubovesical
Pubocervical& sacrocervical
What is the perineum?
Region inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
Overlies outlet of bony pelvis
Diamond shaped
Describe the perineum
Diamond shaped Anteriorly pubic symphysis Posteriorly coccyx Laterally ischial tuberosities Split into anal triangle and urogenital triangle
What is the perineal membrane?
Strong CT sheet which stretches across the urogenital triangle between ischiopubic rami
What is the external sphincter of the bladder also known as?
Sphincter urethrae
Found deep to perineal membrane
Maintains urinary continence
What is the perineum overlying the anal triangle called?
Ischioanal fossae (one on each side of anal canal)
What is found in the deep perineal pouch?
Vagina and urethra/ membranous urethra
Sphincter urethrae muscle and deep transverse perineal muscles
What passes through the small gap in perineal membrane just behind the pubic symphysis?
Veins from penis/clitoris
Join prostatic/vesical plexus
Where does the perineal body lie in females?
In the midline between lower end of vagina and anal canal
What is the perineal body?
Small wedge shaped mass of fibrous tissue
Attached to perineal membrane, levator ani and perineal muscles
What lies in the superficial perineal pouch in males?
2 corpora cavernosa diverge from each other as the 2 crura of the penis
Between 2 crura is enlarged proximal end of corpus spongiosum= bulb of penis
What forms the root of the penis?
The crura and the bulb of the penis
Attaches the penis firmly to the body via ischiopubic rami and perineal membrane
Where is the urethra found in the penis?
In the corpus spongiosum
What muscle covers each crus of the penis?
Ischiocavernosus muscle
What muscle is found on the under surface of the bulb of the penis? function?
Bulbospongiousus muscle
Helps maintain erection, functions in ejaculation with the ischiocavernosus muscles
Expels last drops of urine in micturition
What muscle helps maintain the position of the perineal body in males?
Superficial transverse perineal muscles
Where is the urethral orifice in a female?
Small opening just anterior to vagina
What is found on each side of the lower end of the vagina?
A mass of erectile tissue- the bulb of the vestibule
Join together anteriorly