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ELC Anatomy > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the testes

A

Produces spermatazoa

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2
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

A single tightly coiled duct where the seminiferous tubules drain
Found on the superior dorsolateral surface of each testis

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3
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

Single uncoiled tube that carries spermatazoa from inferior pole of epididymis to the urethra, via the spermatic cord

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4
Q

What surrounds the testis and epididymis?

A 
Tunica vaginalis (double layer of serous membrane) and 3 facial layers:
Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)
Cremaster muscle and fascia (from internal oblique and transversus abdominis)
External spermatic fascia (from external oblique aponeurosis)
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5
Q

What is the cremaster muscle and fascia derived from?

A

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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6
Q

Action and innervation of cremaster muscle

A

Elevation of the testes when you stroke medial aspect of thigh
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2)

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7
Q

What does the cremasteric reflex show?

A

Hyperactivity-> undescended testes

No reflex-> damage to L1/L2 spinal level

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8
Q

Where do the testicular arteries arise?

A

L from abdominal aorta

R from right renal artery

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9
Q

What do the veins in the scrotum form?

A

A convoluted pampiniform plexus

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10
Q

Where do the testicular veins drain?

A

L into renal vein, R into IVC

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11
Q

Where do the sympathetics of the testes originate?

A

T10, therefore referred pain is to the umbilical region

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12
Q

What is a scrotum?

A

Sack of skin with a thin septum, each side containing a testis and its associated structures

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13
Q

What muscle is found in the scrotum?

A

Dartos muscle, makes them wrinkly when cold (like nipples), sympathetic innervation

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14
Q

What is the dartos muscle?

A

Muscle found in the superficial fascia of the scrotum, makes skin wrinkly when cold

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15
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

Collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis. Painless enlarged scrotum that is smaller softer when lying down

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16
Q

What is a varicocele?

A

Enlargement of the pampiniform plexus of veins

‘Bag of worms’

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17
Q

Treatment of a varicocele?

A

Surgical varicocelectomy

Non surgical catheter into vein in upper thigh

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18
Q

Presentation of torsion of the testis?

A

Severe sudden pain after playing sport in teenage boy. Acute swelling.

19
Q

Treatment for torsion of the testis?

A

Manual rotation
Orchidopexy
Removal if severely necrotic

20
Q

Where do you find the vas deferens in the pelvic cavity?

A

Medial to the ureters, passes over external iliac vessels

21
Q

Where are you likely to find calcified vas deferens?

A

In diabetic patients

22
Q

What structures produce components of semen?

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands all add to the spermatazoa from the testes

23
Q

What arteries supply the prostate?

A

Prostatic arteries derived from the inferior vesicle, middle rectal and pudendal branches of the internal iliac

24
Q

What are the two parts of the prostate?

A

Fibromuscular part and glandular part

25
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands found?

A

Small paired glands that lie inferior to the prostate

26
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands produce?

A

A mucus substance, prior to ejaculation, that neutralises and residual urine in the urethra and lubricates the glands penis

27
Q

Name the parts of the male urethra

A

Prostatic, membranous and penile

28
Q

Which autonomic nerves supply ejaculation and erection?

A 
Ejaculation= sympathetic
Erection= parasympathetic (point and shoot)
29
Q

Which artery supplies the ductus deferens and bladder?

A

Superior vesical artery

30
Q

What artery supplies the bladder, prostate and the seminal vesicles

A

Inferior vesical arteries

31
Q

What artery supplies the iliacus and psoas major?

A

Iliolumbar artery

32
Q

What artery leaves the pelvic cavity just above the piriformis?

A

Superior gluteal artery

33
Q

Describe the course of the internal pudendal artery

A

Leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen

34
Q

Where does lymph from the testis and epididymis drain to?

A

Par-aortic lymph nodes near the origin of the testicular and renal arteries

35
Q

Where does lymph from the scrotum drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

36
Q

Where does lymph from the seminal vesicles, prostate and vas deferens drain?

A

Internal iliac lymph nodes

37
Q

What is the rectum related to?

A

Base of the bladder, seminal vesicles, prostate, terminal parts of the ducti deferens and the ureters

38
Q

What is another name for foreskin?

A

Prepuce

39
Q

What is found if you retract the prepuce of the penis?

A

You can see the frenulum on the ventral surface at junction between glans and body of penis

40
Q

Describe the erectile tissue of the penis

A

2 x corpora cavernosum

Network of endothelial lined blood spaces, separated by trabeculae of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle

41
Q

Which arteries supply the erectile tissue of the penis?

A

Deep arteries of the penis (from internal pudendal artery)

Some are spiral arteries that are coiled in flaccid state

42
Q

What happens in the penis with parasympathetic stimulation?

A

Muscle fibres of the trabeculae in the corpus cavernosum relax and spiral arteries dilate

  • > increased blood flow to vascular spaces of corpora
  • > Increased pressure decreases venous return
  • > Further distension= erection
43
Q

What dies sympathetic stimulation of the penis achieve?

A

Ejaculation

Smooth muscle of the prostate and seminal vesicles contracts

ELC Anatomy (12 decks)

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