Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Function of the testes

Answer 1

Produces spermatazoa

Question 2

What is the epididymis?

Answer 2

A single tightly coiled duct where the seminiferous tubules drain
Found on the superior dorsolateral surface of each testis

Question 3

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 3

Single uncoiled tube that carries spermatazoa from inferior pole of epididymis to the urethra, via the spermatic cord

Question 4

What surrounds the testis and epididymis?

Answer 4

Tunica vaginalis (double layer of serous membrane) and 3 facial layers:
Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)
Cremaster muscle and fascia (from internal oblique and transversus abdominis)
External spermatic fascia (from external oblique aponeurosis)

Question 5

What is the cremaster muscle and fascia derived from?

Answer 5

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 6

Action and innervation of cremaster muscle

Answer 6

Elevation of the testes when you stroke medial aspect of thigh
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2)

Question 7

What does the cremasteric reflex show?

Answer 7

Hyperactivity-> undescended testes

No reflex-> damage to L1/L2 spinal level

Question 8

Where do the testicular arteries arise?

Answer 8

L from abdominal aorta

R from right renal artery

Question 9

What do the veins in the scrotum form?

Answer 9

A convoluted pampiniform plexus

Question 10

Where do the testicular veins drain?

Answer 10

L into renal vein, R into IVC

Question 11

Where do the sympathetics of the testes originate?

Answer 11

T10, therefore referred pain is to the umbilical region

Question 12

What is a scrotum?

Answer 12

Sack of skin with a thin septum, each side containing a testis and its associated structures

Question 13

What muscle is found in the scrotum?

Answer 13

Dartos muscle, makes them wrinkly when cold (like nipples), sympathetic innervation

Question 14

What is the dartos muscle?

Answer 14

Muscle found in the superficial fascia of the scrotum, makes skin wrinkly when cold

Question 15

What is a hydrocele?

Answer 15

Collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis. Painless enlarged scrotum that is smaller softer when lying down

Question 16

What is a varicocele?

Answer 16

Enlargement of the pampiniform plexus of veins

‘Bag of worms’

Question 17

Treatment of a varicocele?

Answer 17

Surgical varicocelectomy

Non surgical catheter into vein in upper thigh

Question 18

Presentation of torsion of the testis?

Answer 18

Severe sudden pain after playing sport in teenage boy. Acute swelling.

Question 19

Treatment for torsion of the testis?

Answer 19

Manual rotation
Orchidopexy
Removal if severely necrotic

Question 20

Where do you find the vas deferens in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 20

Medial to the ureters, passes over external iliac vessels

Question 21

Where are you likely to find calcified vas deferens?

Answer 21

In diabetic patients

Question 22

What structures produce components of semen?

Answer 22

Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands all add to the spermatazoa from the testes

Question 23

What arteries supply the prostate?

Answer 23

Prostatic arteries derived from the inferior vesicle, middle rectal and pudendal branches of the internal iliac

Question 24

What are the two parts of the prostate?

Answer 24

Fibromuscular part and glandular part

Question 25

Where are the bulbourethral glands found?

Answer 25

Small paired glands that lie inferior to the prostate

Question 26

What do the bulbourethral glands produce?

Answer 26

A mucus substance, prior to ejaculation, that neutralises and residual urine in the urethra and lubricates the glands penis

Question 27

Name the parts of the male urethra

Answer 27

Prostatic, membranous and penile

Question 28

Which autonomic nerves supply ejaculation and erection?

Answer 28

``` Ejaculation= sympathetic Erection= parasympathetic (point and shoot) ```

Question 29

Which artery supplies the ductus deferens and bladder?

Answer 29

Superior vesical artery

Question 30

What artery supplies the bladder, prostate and the seminal vesicles

Answer 30

Inferior vesical arteries

Question 31

What artery supplies the iliacus and psoas major?

Answer 31

Iliolumbar artery

Question 32

What artery leaves the pelvic cavity just above the piriformis?

Answer 32

Superior gluteal artery

Question 33

Describe the course of the internal pudendal artery

Answer 33

Leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen

Question 34

Where does lymph from the testis and epididymis drain to?

Answer 34

Par-aortic lymph nodes near the origin of the testicular and renal arteries

Question 35

Where does lymph from the scrotum drain to?

Answer 35

Superficial inguinal nodes

Question 36

Where does lymph from the seminal vesicles, prostate and vas deferens drain?

Answer 36

Internal iliac lymph nodes

Question 37

What is the rectum related to?

Answer 37

Base of the bladder, seminal vesicles, prostate, terminal parts of the ducti deferens and the ureters

Question 38

What is another name for foreskin?

Answer 38

Prepuce

Question 39

What is found if you retract the prepuce of the penis?

Answer 39

You can see the frenulum on the ventral surface at junction between glans and body of penis

Question 40

Describe the erectile tissue of the penis

Answer 40

2 x corpora cavernosum | Network of endothelial lined blood spaces, separated by trabeculae of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle

Question 41

Which arteries supply the erectile tissue of the penis?

Answer 41

Deep arteries of the penis (from internal pudendal artery) | Some are spiral arteries that are coiled in flaccid state

Question 42

What happens in the penis with parasympathetic stimulation?

Answer 42

Muscle fibres of the trabeculae in the corpus cavernosum relax and spiral arteries dilate - > increased blood flow to vascular spaces of corpora - >Increased pressure decreases venous return - > Further distension= erection

Question 43

What dies sympathetic stimulation of the penis achieve?

Answer 43

Ejaculation | Smooth muscle of the prostate and seminal vesicles contracts