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ELC Anatomy > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary organs of the female?

A

The ovaries

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2
Q

What are the accessory structures of the female repro system?

A

Uterine tube, uterus and vagina

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3
Q

Name the 3 parts of the broad ligament

A

Mesosalpinx (down from uterine tube)
mesovarium (ovary)
mesometrium (connects all to uterus)

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4
Q

What is the mesovarium also called? What does it contain?

A

Ovarian ligament

Contains ovarian vessels and nerves

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5
Q

Describe the round ligament of the uterus

A

Attaches to body of uterus and runs within broad ligament to the inguinal canal. Fibres eventually dissipate in the labia majora (comes anterior)

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6
Q

Where do the ovaries lie?

A

In parietal peritoneum of the side wall of the pelvic cavity between the internal and external iliac vessels. Close to the obturator artery

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7
Q

Where is pain from ovaries sometimes referred to and why?

A

If ovaries press on obturator artery the pain is referred along the medial aspect of the thigh
Other pain is to the T10 dermatome

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8
Q

Name the parts of the uterine tube

A 
Fimbriae
Ingundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural
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9
Q

Function of fimbriae?

A

Guide the oocyte from ovary into the lumen of the uterine tube

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10
Q

What is polycystic ovary syndrome?

A

Cysts of many follicles developing at the same time, too much oestrogen is the released

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11
Q

What does nulliparous mean?

A

Of someone who has never given birth

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12
Q

Name the parts of the uterus

A

Fundus (superior to openings of uterine tubes)
Body
Cervix

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13
Q

Where does a normal uterus sit?

A

Facing anteriorly, antiflexion relative to cervix and anteversion relative to vagina

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14
Q

What is the internal os?

A

Junction between the body of the uterus and the cervix

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15
Q

What is the external os?

A

Where the cervix meets the vagina

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16
Q

What epithelium lines the cervical canal?

A

Simple columnar mucus secreting epithelium

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17
Q

What is the ectocervix?

A

The part of the cervix which projects into the vagina, covered by stratified squamous non keratinising epithelium (transformation zone)

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18
Q

When are you able to palpate the uterus in the abdomen?

A

By 12 weeks of pregnancy, just above pubic symphysis

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19
Q

When does the uterus reach the umbilicus?

A

By 24 weeks pregnancy

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20
Q

Where does the fundus of the uterus project at 36 weeks?

A

Xiphisternum

21
Q

How long does it take the uterus to return to normal size after parturition?

A

6 weeks

22
Q

What is different in a virgin’s vagina?

A

The vestibular opening is partially covered by the membrane of the hymen, with a small hymeneal orifice

23
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina?

A

Above hymen- nodes around internal iliac

Below hymen- superficial inguinal nodes

24
Q

What may be palpated in a vaginal examination anteriorly?

A

The bladder and urethra

25
Q

What may be palpated in a vaginal examination posteriorly?

A

Rectum, perineal body, loops of interstine

26
Q

What may be palpated in a vaginal examination laterally?

A

Ovaries and uterine tube

27
Q

Where does lymph drain from the uterus?

A

Fundus-> alongside ovarian vessels-> para-aortic

Body and cervix-> internal and external iliac

28
Q

Where are the likely sites of endometrial metastasis?

A

Abdomen and local lymph nodes

29
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the uterus

A

Uterovaginal plexus
Symp- T11-L2
Para- S2-S4
Pudendal nerve- lower vagina (symp+Visceral)
Only lower part of vagina sensitive to touch and temperature

30
Q

How does pain from the fundus and body of the uterus travel?

A

Sympathetics, T11&12

31
Q

How does pain from the lower uterus, cervix and vagina travel?

A

Parasympathetics-> pelvic splanchnic-> S2-4

32
Q

What does the uterus look like in post-menopausal women?

A

Fibrosed and scarred, smaller

33
Q

What is a bicornuate uterus?

A

Heart shaped uterus

Fusion of upper part of paramesonephric duct is altered in development, upper part is bifurcated

34
Q

Name some sites of ectopic pregnancies

A

Cervix, vagina, uterine tube (95%), ovary, peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, broad ligament

35
Q

How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?

A

Vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, amenorrhea and shoulder pain sue to haemorrhage in abdomen
With a HCG test and sonography

36
Q

What artery is found in the broad ligament?

A

Uterine artery

Anastamoses with ovarian artery

37
Q

What is a cytosele?

A

When the bladder herniates into vagina (after childbirth?)

38
Q

What is the treatment for a cytosele?

A

Surgery

Pessary (device placed in vagina to hold bladder in place, removable)

39
Q

What is a pessary?

A

A removable device placed in the vagina to hold bladder in place
Treatment for a cytosele

40
Q

What is the name for the female external genitalia?

A

Vulva

41
Q

What is the labia majora?

A

Fold of hair bearing skin which join anteriorly in the mons pubis and posteriorly between vaginal and anal orifices

42
Q

What is the pudendal cleft?

A

Lies between medial margins of the labia majora

camel toe

43
Q

What is the labia minora?

A

Two thin folds of skin within the labia majora

44
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

Area between labia minora’s inner surfaces

Urethral and vaginal canals open into it

45
Q

What do the urethral and vaginal canals open into?

A

The vestibule

46
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

Small body of erectile tissue anterior and superior to the urethral orifice, partly covered by the anterior margins of the labia minora

47
Q

What surgery can be done in childbirth to avoid tearing?

A

Episiotomy

48
Q

What is an episiotomy?

A

Surgical incision of soft tissue of vaginal orifice done during childbirth to reduce risk of tearing. Done before head emerges

ELC Anatomy (12 decks)

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