Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the primary organs of the female?

Answer 1

The ovaries

Question 2

What are the accessory structures of the female repro system?

Answer 2

Uterine tube, uterus and vagina

Question 3

Name the 3 parts of the broad ligament

Answer 3

Mesosalpinx (down from uterine tube)
mesovarium (ovary)
mesometrium (connects all to uterus)

Question 4

What is the mesovarium also called? What does it contain?

Answer 4

Ovarian ligament

Contains ovarian vessels and nerves

Question 5

Describe the round ligament of the uterus

Answer 5

Attaches to body of uterus and runs within broad ligament to the inguinal canal. Fibres eventually dissipate in the labia majora (comes anterior)

Question 6

Where do the ovaries lie?

Answer 6

In parietal peritoneum of the side wall of the pelvic cavity between the internal and external iliac vessels. Close to the obturator artery

Question 7

Where is pain from ovaries sometimes referred to and why?

Answer 7

If ovaries press on obturator artery the pain is referred along the medial aspect of the thigh
Other pain is to the T10 dermatome

Question 8

Name the parts of the uterine tube

Answer 8

Fimbriae
Ingundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural

Question 9

Function of fimbriae?

Answer 9

Guide the oocyte from ovary into the lumen of the uterine tube

Question 10

What is polycystic ovary syndrome?

Answer 10

Cysts of many follicles developing at the same time, too much oestrogen is the released

Question 11

What does nulliparous mean?

Answer 11

Of someone who has never given birth

Question 12

Name the parts of the uterus

Answer 12

Fundus (superior to openings of uterine tubes)
Body
Cervix

Question 13

Where does a normal uterus sit?

Answer 13

Facing anteriorly, antiflexion relative to cervix and anteversion relative to vagina

Question 14

What is the internal os?

Answer 14

Junction between the body of the uterus and the cervix

Question 15

What is the external os?

Answer 15

Where the cervix meets the vagina

Question 16

What epithelium lines the cervical canal?

Answer 16

Simple columnar mucus secreting epithelium

Question 17

What is the ectocervix?

Answer 17

The part of the cervix which projects into the vagina, covered by stratified squamous non keratinising epithelium (transformation zone)

Question 18

When are you able to palpate the uterus in the abdomen?

Answer 18

By 12 weeks of pregnancy, just above pubic symphysis

Question 19

When does the uterus reach the umbilicus?

Answer 19

By 24 weeks pregnancy

Question 20

Where does the fundus of the uterus project at 36 weeks?

Answer 20

Xiphisternum

Question 21

How long does it take the uterus to return to normal size after parturition?

Answer 21

6 weeks

Question 22

What is different in a virgin’s vagina?

Answer 22

The vestibular opening is partially covered by the membrane of the hymen, with a small hymeneal orifice

Question 23

What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina?

Answer 23

Above hymen- nodes around internal iliac

Below hymen- superficial inguinal nodes

Question 24

What may be palpated in a vaginal examination anteriorly?

Answer 24

The bladder and urethra

Question 25

What may be palpated in a vaginal examination posteriorly?

Answer 25

Rectum, perineal body, loops of interstine

Question 26

What may be palpated in a vaginal examination laterally?

Answer 26

Ovaries and uterine tube

Question 27

Where does lymph drain from the uterus?

Answer 27

Fundus-> alongside ovarian vessels-> para-aortic | Body and cervix-> internal and external iliac

Question 28

Where are the likely sites of endometrial metastasis?

Answer 28

Abdomen and local lymph nodes

Question 29

Describe the nerve supply of the uterus

Answer 29

Uterovaginal plexus Symp- T11-L2 Para- S2-S4 Pudendal nerve- lower vagina (symp+Visceral) Only lower part of vagina sensitive to touch and temperature

Question 30

How does pain from the fundus and body of the uterus travel?

Answer 30

Sympathetics, T11&12

Question 31

How does pain from the lower uterus, cervix and vagina travel?

Answer 31

Parasympathetics-> pelvic splanchnic-> S2-4

Question 32

What does the uterus look like in post-menopausal women?

Answer 32

Fibrosed and scarred, smaller

Question 33

What is a bicornuate uterus?

Answer 33

Heart shaped uterus | Fusion of upper part of paramesonephric duct is altered in development, upper part is bifurcated

Question 34

Name some sites of ectopic pregnancies

Answer 34

Cervix, vagina, uterine tube (95%), ovary, peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, broad ligament

Question 35

How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?

Answer 35

Vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, amenorrhea and shoulder pain sue to haemorrhage in abdomen With a HCG test and sonography

Question 36

What artery is found in the broad ligament?

Answer 36

Uterine artery | Anastamoses with ovarian artery

Question 37

What is a cytosele?

Answer 37

When the bladder herniates into vagina (after childbirth?)

Question 38

What is the treatment for a cytosele?

Answer 38

Surgery | Pessary (device placed in vagina to hold bladder in place, removable)

Question 39

What is a pessary?

Answer 39

A removable device placed in the vagina to hold bladder in place Treatment for a cytosele

Question 40

What is the name for the female external genitalia?

Answer 40

Vulva

Question 41

What is the labia majora?

Answer 41

Fold of hair bearing skin which join anteriorly in the mons pubis and posteriorly between vaginal and anal orifices

Question 42

What is the pudendal cleft?

Answer 42

Lies between medial margins of the labia majora | camel toe

Question 43

What is the labia minora?

Answer 43

Two thin folds of skin within the labia majora

Question 44

What is the vestibule?

Answer 44

Area between labia minora's inner surfaces | Urethral and vaginal canals open into it

Question 45

What do the urethral and vaginal canals open into?

Answer 45

The vestibule

Question 46

What is the clitoris?

Answer 46

Small body of erectile tissue anterior and superior to the urethral orifice, partly covered by the anterior margins of the labia minora

Question 47

What surgery can be done in childbirth to avoid tearing?

Answer 47

Episiotomy

Question 48

What is an episiotomy?

Answer 48

Surgical incision of soft tissue of vaginal orifice done during childbirth to reduce risk of tearing. Done before head emerges