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Practical 3 Form and Function > Pelvic Limb VI > Flashcards

Pelvic Limb VI Flashcards

1
Q

What calcaneal bursa is associated with capped hock? Cause?

A

Subcutaneous
trauma to the point of the hock

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2
Q

Subcutaneous bursa in between

A

skin and SDFT

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3
Q

Subtendinous bursa in between

A

SDFT and tuber calcanei

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4
Q

Gastrocnemius bursa in between

A

gastrocnemius tendon and tuber calcanei

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5
Q

What does the synovial sheath wrap around?

A

tendons passing through the tarsus to distal limb attachments

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6
Q

What is wrapped in the tarsal sheath?

A

The lateral head and caudal tibial head of the DDF pass over the sustentaculum tali through the flexor canal

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7
Q

Flexor canal of tarsus is passageway bound dorsally by the _________________, laterally by _______________, and plantaromedially by the ________________.

A

dorsally by the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus, laterally by the calcaneus, and plantaromedially by the flexor retinaculum.

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8
Q

What forms the definitive DDF tendon?

A

The medial head of the DDF travels more medially in its own sheath and then joins the other two heads of the DDF distal to the tarsus

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9
Q

What does thoroughpin refer to?

A

excessive synovial fluid distension of the tarsal sheath

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10
Q

Causes of thoroughpin?

A

DDF tendonitis, or inflammation of the sheath (tenosynovitis) or both i.e. a tendosynovitis.

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11
Q

Complex medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the tarsus pass from tibial malleoli to the tarsal and metatarsal bones; function?

A

provide very strong medial and lateral support.

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12
Q

Long plantar ligament attachments?

A

attaches at plantarolateral calcaneus and inserts distally on T4 and MT4

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13
Q

Function of long plantar ligament?

A

helps to anchor calcaneus to tarsus, offsetting traction forces of common calcaneal tendon.

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14
Q

Curb refers to? Ligament associated?

A

refers to soft tissue swelling of plantar tarsus, often due to desmitis of the long plantar ligament.

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15
Q

Components of a pig digit? Weightbearing?

A

3 and 4; proximal, middle and distal phalanges and 2 proximal sesamoids and 1 distal sesamoid present in each digit

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16
Q

Components of a ruminant digit?

A

proximal, middle and distal phalanges and 2 proximal sesamoids and 1 distal sesamoid present in each digit.

17
Q

Horse bears weight on what digit(s)? Components?

A

3; proximal, middle and distal phalanges and 2 proximal sesamoids and 1 distal sesamoid present for digit 3.

18
Q

What species has a significant suspensory ligament?

A

horse

19
Q

What does the suspensory ligament forms part of? Main role?

A

supportive fibro-osseous sling at plantar fetlock i.e. the suspensory apparatus; passive stay apparatus

20
Q

Components of ruminant suspensory ligaments?

A

3rd and 4th interossei mm.

21
Q

Where does the accessory ligament of DDF arise and insert?

A

Arises from plantar surface of tarsometatarsal junction (distal tarsus/proximal metatarsus) and inserts into DDFT at mid metatarsus.

22
Q

Presence of Check ligament in PL?

A

Small or absent

23
Q

Role of fibrous connection on DDFT?

A

acts as a break on the DDFT

24
Q

Check ligament contributes to what?

A

passive stay apparatus

25
Q

Transection of SDFT leads to?

A

Slight fetlock drop

26
Q

Transection of SDFT and DDFT?

A

moderate fetlock drop and toe elevation

27
Q

Transection of SDFT, DDFT and SL?

A

severe fetlock ‘drop’ (fetlock contacts ground) and sole of foot off ground, toe pointing proximally (to the sky!).

28
Q

Role of PL passive stay apparatus?

A

Allows horse to bear weight on a ‘locked’ PL, with minimal muscular energy required, and meanwhile completely rest the other limb.

29
Q

Four components of passive stay apparatus of PL?

A
  1. Patella locking mechanism
  2. Reciprocal apparatus (fibularis tertius and superficial digital flexor)
  3. DDFT (and its check ligament if present in pelvic limb)
  4. Suspensory apparatus
30
Q

Requirement of joints for PSA? WHY?

A

Keep all joints extended to prevent their collapse without the need for significant muscular activity

31
Q

Describe the reciprocal appartus?

A

Patella locks over stifle to keep stifle extended, this then keeps tarsus extended via the reciprocal apparatus.

32
Q

The lower joints of the PSA are passively supported by?

A

SDFT, the DDFT and its check ligament, suspensory apparatus

Practical 3 Form and Function (10 decks)

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