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Practical 3 Form and Function > Pelvic Limb IV - Ungulate > Flashcards

Pelvic Limb IV - Ungulate Flashcards

1
Q

What species refers to the rump? Croup?

A

Artiodactyls; horse

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2
Q

What is the highest point of the rump/croup formed by?

A

Tubera sacrale of ilia

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3
Q

Prominent tubera coxae of ilial wings referred to as?

A

hook bones

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4
Q

Ischiatic tuberosities referred to?

A

pin bones

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5
Q

Region between the coxofemoral and stifle joints.

A

Thigh

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6
Q

Region between stifle and tarsus

A

Crus

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7
Q

Region between the tarsus and metatarsophalangeal joint

A

Metatarsus

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8
Q

Region between the metatarsophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints

A

Pastern

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9
Q

Region enclosed by hoof capsule.

A

Foot or hoof

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10
Q

What structures form the pes? What forms the digit?

A

Tarsus, metatarsus, pastern, and foot
Pastern and foot

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11
Q

Tarsus also known as?

A

hock

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12
Q

3rd metatarsal bone also known as? 2nd and 4th?

A

Cannon bone
Splint bones

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13
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joint also known as?

A

fetlock joint

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14
Q

Proximal interphalangeal joint also known as?

A

Pastern joint

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15
Q

Distal interphalangeal joint also known as?

A

Coffin joint

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16
Q

Proximal phalanx also known as? Middle? Distal?

A

Long pastern bone
Short pastern
coffin

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17
Q

What are chestnuts?

A

thickened cornified epidermis
remnants of tarsal pads in horse

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18
Q

What are ergots?

A

remnant of metatarsal pads

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19
Q

Ruminants have vestigial digits called? Weight bearing?

A

Dewclaws
NO

20
Q

Pig II and IV digits are called? Weightbearing?

A

paradigits
NO

21
Q

Sheep have scent marking, sebaceous apocrine glands on all four feet called?

A

Interdigital sinus

22
Q

Describe the greater trochanter in a horse.

A

Cranial/caudal parts, very large prominence

23
Q

What attaches to the greater trochanter? Function of m.?

A

Middle gluteal m.
Powerful extensor of hip

24
Q

Third trochanter attachment for what muscle in horse?

A

Superficial gluteal m.

25
Q

What species do not have a third trochanter? Why?

A

Ruminants, pigs
Superficial gluteal m. attached into biceps femoris to form gluteobiceps m.

26
Q

Describe location of accessory gluteal and what species have it?

A

Deeper part of middle gluteal
ungulates

27
Q

Where is the trochanteric bursa found?

A

Deep to attachment of accessory gluteal on greater trochanter

28
Q

Inflammation of trochanteric bursa is called?

A

Whorlbone lameness

29
Q

Gluteal muscles are a site of? Advantages?

A

IM injections
very large muscle mass that can cope with large amounts of medication

30
Q

What are the two hamstring muscles?

A

Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus

31
Q

Hamstring muscles site of? Advantages/disadvantages?

A

IM injections
large mass, easy to drain
potential injury development of fibrotic myopathy, best for smaller volumes

32
Q

Attachments of semitendinosus m.?

A

proximally to sacral and caudal vertebrae, sacrosciatic ligament and ischiatic tuberosity
Distally to cranial tibia, crural fascia, tendinous slip to calcaneal tendon

33
Q

What is the gait like in fibrotic myopathy?

A

Mechanical hindlimb lameness characterized by foot abruptly slapping the ground at the end of the cranial swing phase of the stride (most obvious at walk)

34
Q

Consequence of scarring to hamstrings?

A

Leg cannot fully extend out at end of swing phase

35
Q

How many patellar ligaments do the horse and ox have? Small ruminants and pig

A

Three
One

36
Q

What are the patellar ligaments a continuation of?

A

Quadriceps femoris

37
Q

Functions of patella?

A

Changes the direction of the pull, absorbs pressure and transmits traction to the quadriceps to the tibial tuberosity through the patellar ligaments

38
Q

Function of the meniscofemoral ligament?

A

binds to caudal aspect of the lateral meniscus to the caudal femur
Increasing stabilization of this portion of the meniscus

39
Q

Describe the patella locking mechanism.

A

assists the horse in parking its pelvic limb in a weight bearing position with minimal energy while resting other PL

40
Q

Four structures associated with PLM?

A
  1. Intermediate patellar ligament
  2. Patella
  3. Parapatellar fibrocartilage
  4. Medial patellar ligament
41
Q

Predispositions of upward fixation of the patella?

A

straight hindlimb conformation, poor quad tone, young maturing horses

42
Q

Describe UFP.

A

patella catches or remains stuck in locked position because of reciprocal apparatus (when stifle is locked, so is tarsus)

43
Q

Three synovial sacs in the stifle?

A

Femoropatellar
Medial femorotibial
Lateral femorotibial

44
Q

Cat dog synovial sac communication? Ruminants and pigs? Horses?

A

all communicate freely
Typically communicate
Variable (MFT and FP communicate the most)

45
Q

Best to consider horse synovial sacs as?

A

Separate

46
Q

Location of femoropatellar joint? Lateral femorotibial? Medial femorotibial?

A

between patellar ligaments
Btwn lateral patellar and lateral collateral lig.
Btwn medial patellar and medial collateral lig.

Practical 3 Form and Function (10 decks)

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