Pelvic limb 4

Question 2

we’ve rotated out the fused 3rd and 4th mt/mc bone

1

2

3

4

Answer 2

1. axial tendon of interosseus III
2. Abaxial tendon of interosseus III
3. abaxial extensor branch of interosseus III
4. axial extensor branch of interosseus III

Question 3

we’ve rotated out the fused 3rd and 4th mt/mc bone

5

6

7

Answer 3

5- medial digital extensor tendon

6- long/common extensor of digits III and IV

7- lateral digital extensor tendon

Question 4

will the interosseous muscle have more muscle fiber in the ruminant or horse?

Answer 4

• ruminant!
  
  • As the animal ages/increases in size, will have a reduction in the amount of muscle tissue, and will be replaced by CT

Question 5

which sesamoidean ligaments are absent in the ruminant that horses had

Answer 5

Straight and short distal sesamoidean ligament are completely absent

Question 6

1

2

3

Answer 6

1. Oblique sesamoidean ligament
2. proximal interdigital ligaments
3. cruciate distal sesamoidean ligaments

Question 7

4

5

6

Answer 7

4- Interdigital phalangeal sesamoidean ligament

5- Distal interdigital ligament

6- connecting branch

• Is going to originate from the interosseous muscle
• Is going to wrap around the deep digit flexor and fuse with the superficial digital flexor tendon

Question 8

1

2

3

4

Answer 8

1. Superficial digital flexor tendon
2. deep digital flexor tendon
3. tendon of the interosseous muscle
4. connecting branch
   
   • Can see how the connecting branch is leaving the interosseous muscle and going to fuse with the superficial digital flexor tendon
   • In the process of doing this, it wraps around the deep digital flexor, but the deep digital flexor is free to move in the cuff that forms

Question 9

this is a horse hock lateral view

1. 1
2. 2
3. also explain the green things covering the tendons

Answer 9

1. long digital extensor
2. lateral digital extensor
3. As the tendons are tethered down by the retinacula, these sheaths allow the tendons move through the hock region and still be able to flex and extend

Question 10

3

4

5

Answer 10

3- Proximal retinaculum

4- middle retinaculum

5- distal retinaculum

Question 11

6

7

Answer 11

6- lateral collateral ligament

7- long plantar ligament

Question 12

how many retinaculum do other domestic mammals have (not horses)

Answer 12

Proximal and Distal retinaculum

Question 13

medial view of horse hock

1?

Answer 13

cunean bursa

Question 14

this is the hock

• what is the joint 10?
• 11?
• 12?
• 13?
• which joint is the moveable one?

Answer 14

• Tarsocrural joint (10)
  
  • the most movable one, flexion and extension
• Proximal intertarsal joint (11)
• Distal intertarsal joint (12)
• Tarsometatarsal joint (13)

Question 15

this is the hock

1. ?
2. ?

Answer 15

1. dorsal medial joint pouch of tarsocrural joint
2. plantar joint pouch of tarsocrural joint (there will be a medial and lateral one)

Question 16

1. which joints in the hock communicate?
2. how many injections are needed to anesthetize the hock region

Answer 16

1. Tarsocrural (10) and proximal intertarsal joint sacs (11) communicate
   
   • Distal intertarsal joint separate
   • Tarsometarsal joint separate
     
     • 2 and 3 Will communicate in 8-24% of the cases
2. 3 injections

Question 17

this is a medial view of stifle

1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?

Answer 17

1. femur
2. femoropatellar joint pouch
3. medial femorotibial joint pouch
4. tibia

Question 18

this is a lateral view of stifle

1

2

Answer 18

1. femoropatellar joint pouch
2. lateral femorotibial joint pouch

Question 19

1. which joints in the stifle communicate in horse?
2. Ruminant?
3. how many injections for horse and ruminant?

Answer 19

1. Horse (3 injections)
   
   • Femoropatellar and medial femoral tibial will generally communicate, but not always (60%)
   • Lateral femorotibial can communicate with the femoropatellar (But doesn’t happen often)
2. Ruminant (2 injections)
   
   • Femoropatellar and medial femorotibial do communicate in the vast majority
   • Lateral femorotibial can communicate but not guaranteed

Question 20

1. What is the main blood suppier to the distal pelvic limb in ruminant?
2. horse?

Answer 20

1. Both horse and ruminant
   
   • femoral
     
     • cranial tibial artery (41) (main one)
     • Saphenous artery (21)
2. only horse
   
   • also caudal tibial (37)

Question 21

Explain How vessels and nerves are named in the distal limb

Answer 21

Circle - mc/mt bone

Deeper = closer to the bone

1. Superficial artery/vein/nerve, on the dorsal aspect of the limb
   
   • Simply refer to it as “dorsal”
2. Superficial on the palmar/plantar aspect is simply “plantar” or “palmar”
3. Deep structure that’s on the dorsal limb, it’s going to be “dorsal metacarpal” or “dorsal metatarsal”
4. Deep structure on the palmar/plantar surface of the limb, it’s going to be “palmar/plantar metacarpal” or “palmar/plantar metatarsal”

Question 22

this is a horse

28

31

35

Answer 22

• 28. cranial tibial artery
• 31- dorsal pedal artery
• 35- proximal perforating branch
  
  • an anastomosing branch to the deep plantar arch

Question 23

37

16

23

Answer 23

• 37. Dorsal metatarsal artery III
• 16. Distal perforating branch
      * moves to the plantar aspect of the limb
• 23- digital arteries

Question 24

7

25

8

11

Answer 24

• 7- Saphenous artery
  
  • receives an S shaped anastomosis from the caudal tibial
• 25- caudal tibial artery
• 8- lateral plantar artery
  
  • saphenous artery splits into this
• 11- medial plantar artery
  
  • saphenous artery splits into this

Note: medial and lateral plantar arteries course distally and at the proximal level of the cannon bone they split into deep and superficial branches.

Question 25

9, also what arteries contribute to it 14, also include its course 21 23

Answer 25

* 9- deep plantar arch (from deep branches of medial and lateral plantar arteries * reinforcement from the proximal perforating branch * 14- medial and lateral plantar metatarsal * branch from deep plantar arch * will anastomose with the distal perforating branch of the dorsal metatarsal artery III * undercover of the suspensory ligament * 21- medial and lateral digital arteries * 23- Digital arteries

Question 26

this is a ruminant now * 28 * 35 * 16 * 20

Answer 26

* 28- cranial tibial artery * continuation onto the dorsal aspect of the distal limb will provide a total of 3 anastomotic branches to the plantar aspect. These are the: * 35- Proximal perforating branch * 16- distal perforating branch * 20- interdigital artery.

Question 27

31 35, what will it also anastamose with 37, also include course

Answer 27

* 31- Dorsal pedal artery (was cranial tibial) * 35- proximal perforating branch of dorsal pedal artery * will join the proximal deep plantar arch on the plantar aspect of the limb * continue distally onto the fused 3rd and 4th metatarsal bones where it will become the dorsal metatarsal artery III. * 37- Dorsal metatarsal III artery * will course distally on the center (groove) of these fused bones.

Question 28

16, also what will it anastamose with 20, also what will it anastamose with

Answer 28

* 16- distal perforating branch of metatarsal artery III * joins the distal deep plantar arch * 20- interdigital artery * that will anastomose with the plantar common digital artery III. * Note: location of this artery at the proximal third of the first phalanx. Toe amputation is not an uncommon procedure to perform in the ox and awareness of this vessel is important.

Question 29

7 8 11 9, also what does it anastamose with

Answer 29

* 7- saphenous * 8- lateral plantar artery * 11- medial plantar artery * 9- deep plantar arch * reinforced by the proximal perforating branch

Question 30

* 14 * 17 * 18 * 19 * what do all of these make up? What is also anastamosing with these? (16)

Answer 30

* 14- Plantar metatarsal II, III & IV * 17- Plantar common digital artery II * 18- Plantar common digital artery III * 19- Plantar common digital artery IV * distal deep plantar arch- * These arteries will join the distal deep plantar arch that is * also reinforced by the distal perforating branch of dorsal metatarsal artery III. * This arch spans between the plantar common digital arteries II and IV.

Question 31

13 branches into 17 and 18 10 branches into 19 * what are these names

Answer 31

* 13- Medial plantar artery * 17- plantar common digital artery II * 18- plantar common digital artery III * 10- lateral plantar artery * Plantar common digital artery IV

Question 32

19- plantar common digital artery IV plantar common digital arteries turn into? (21)

Answer 32

plantar proper digital arteries to supply the digit

Question 33

To correctly name these terminal branches both the surface and digit it is supplying needs to be included in its name. This can be applied to both the pelvic and thoracic limbs. Use the following list to help name an artery. You must select one of the choices separated by a slash and assemble across the commas. Axial/abaxial, dorsal/plantar/palmar, proper digital artery, II/III/ IV/ V 1. ? 2. ? 3. ?

Answer 33

1. axial plantar proper digital artery II 2. abaxial plantar proper digital artery III. 3. axial plantar proper digital artery III

Question 34

no cheat sheet this time! * 4 * 5 * 6

Answer 34

* 4- axial plantar proper digital artery IV. * 5- abaxial plantar proper digital artery IV * 6- axial plantar proper digital artery V.