Pelvic limb 4 Flashcards
we’ve rotated out the fused 3rd and 4th mt/mc bone
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2
3
4
- axial tendon of interosseus III
- Abaxial tendon of interosseus III
- abaxial extensor branch of interosseus III
- axial extensor branch of interosseus III
we’ve rotated out the fused 3rd and 4th mt/mc bone
5
6
7
5- medial digital extensor tendon
6- long/common extensor of digits III and IV
7- lateral digital extensor tendon
will the interosseous muscle have more muscle fiber in the ruminant or horse?
- ruminant!
- As the animal ages/increases in size, will have a reduction in the amount of muscle tissue, and will be replaced by CT
which sesamoidean ligaments are absent in the ruminant that horses had
Straight and short distal sesamoidean ligament are completely absent
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2
3
- Oblique sesamoidean ligament
- proximal interdigital ligaments
- cruciate distal sesamoidean ligaments
4
5
6
4- Interdigital phalangeal sesamoidean ligament
5- Distal interdigital ligament
6- connecting branch
- Is going to originate from the interosseous muscle
- Is going to wrap around the deep digit flexor and fuse with the superficial digital flexor tendon
1
2
3
4
- Superficial digital flexor tendon
- deep digital flexor tendon
- tendon of the interosseous muscle
- connecting branch
- Can see how the connecting branch is leaving the interosseous muscle and going to fuse with the superficial digital flexor tendon
- In the process of doing this, it wraps around the deep digital flexor, but the deep digital flexor is free to move in the cuff that forms
this is a horse hock lateral view
- 1
- 2
- also explain the green things covering the tendons
- long digital extensor
- lateral digital extensor
- As the tendons are tethered down by the retinacula, these sheaths allow the tendons move through the hock region and still be able to flex and extend
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4
5
3- Proximal retinaculum
4- middle retinaculum
5- distal retinaculum
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7
6- lateral collateral ligament
7- long plantar ligament
how many retinaculum do other domestic mammals have (not horses)
Proximal and Distal retinaculum
medial view of horse hock
1?
cunean bursa
this is the hock
- what is the joint 10?
- 11?
- 12?
- 13?
- which joint is the moveable one?
- Tarsocrural joint (10)
- the most movable one, flexion and extension
- Proximal intertarsal joint (11)
- Distal intertarsal joint (12)
- Tarsometatarsal joint (13)
this is the hock
- ?
- ?
- dorsal medial joint pouch of tarsocrural joint
- plantar joint pouch of tarsocrural joint (there will be a medial and lateral one)
- which joints in the hock communicate?
- how many injections are needed to anesthetize the hock region
- Tarsocrural (10) and proximal intertarsal joint sacs (11) communicate
- Distal intertarsal joint separate
- Tarsometarsal joint separate
- 2 and 3 Will communicate in 8-24% of the cases
- 3 injections
this is a medial view of stifle
- ?
- ?
- ?
- ?
- femur
- femoropatellar joint pouch
- medial femorotibial joint pouch
- tibia
this is a lateral view of stifle
1
2
- femoropatellar joint pouch
- lateral femorotibial joint pouch
- which joints in the stifle communicate in horse?
- Ruminant?
- how many injections for horse and ruminant?
- Horse (3 injections)
- Femoropatellar and medial femoral tibial will generally communicate, but not always (60%)
- Lateral femorotibial can communicate with the femoropatellar (But doesn’t happen often)
- Ruminant (2 injections)
- Femoropatellar and medial femorotibial do communicate in the vast majority
- Lateral femorotibial can communicate but not guaranteed
- What is the main blood suppier to the distal pelvic limb in ruminant?
- horse?
- Both horse and ruminant
- femoral
- cranial tibial artery (41) (main one)
- Saphenous artery (21)
- femoral
- only horse
- also caudal tibial (37)
Explain How vessels and nerves are named in the distal limb
Circle - mc/mt bone
Deeper = closer to the bone
- Superficial artery/vein/nerve, on the dorsal aspect of the limb
- Simply refer to it as “dorsal”
- Superficial on the palmar/plantar aspect is simply “plantar” or “palmar”
- Deep structure that’s on the dorsal limb, it’s going to be “dorsal metacarpal” or “dorsal metatarsal”
- Deep structure on the palmar/plantar surface of the limb, it’s going to be “palmar/plantar metacarpal” or “palmar/plantar metatarsal”
this is a horse
28
31
35
- cranial tibial artery
- 31- dorsal pedal artery
- 35- proximal perforating branch
- an anastomosing branch to the deep plantar arch
37
16
23
- Dorsal metatarsal artery III
- Distal perforating branch
* moves to the plantar aspect of the limb
- Distal perforating branch
- 23- digital arteries
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25
8
11
- 7- Saphenous artery
- receives an S shaped anastomosis from the caudal tibial
- 25- caudal tibial artery
- 8- lateral plantar artery
- saphenous artery splits into this
- 11- medial plantar artery
- saphenous artery splits into this
Note: medial and lateral plantar arteries course distally and at the proximal level of the cannon bone they split into deep and superficial branches.
9, also what arteries contribute to it
14, also include its course
21
23
- 9- deep plantar arch (from deep branches of medial and lateral plantar arteries
- reinforcement from the proximal perforating branch
- 14- medial and lateral plantar metatarsal
- branch from deep plantar arch
- will anastomose with the distal perforating branch of the dorsal metatarsal artery III
- undercover of the suspensory ligament
- 21- medial and lateral digital arteries
- 23- Digital arteries
this is a ruminant now
- 28
- 35
- 16
- 20
- 28- cranial tibial artery
- continuation onto the dorsal aspect of the distal limb will provide a total of 3 anastomotic branches to the plantar aspect. These are the:
- 35- Proximal perforating branch
- 16- distal perforating branch
- 20- interdigital artery.
31
35, what will it also anastamose with
37, also include course
- 31- Dorsal pedal artery (was cranial tibial)
- 35- proximal perforating branch of dorsal pedal artery
- will join the proximal deep plantar arch on the plantar aspect of the limb
- continue distally onto the fused 3rd and 4th metatarsal bones where it will become the dorsal metatarsal artery III.
- 37- Dorsal metatarsal III artery
- will course distally on the center (groove) of these fused bones.
16, also what will it anastamose with
20, also what will it anastamose with
- 16- distal perforating branch of metatarsal artery III
- joins the distal deep plantar arch
- 20- interdigital artery
- that will anastomose with the plantar common digital artery III.
- Note: location of this artery at the proximal third of the first phalanx. Toe amputation is not an uncommon procedure to perform in the ox and awareness of this vessel is important.
7
8
11
9, also what does it anastamose with
- 7- saphenous
- 8- lateral plantar artery
- 11- medial plantar artery
- 9- deep plantar arch
- reinforced by the proximal perforating branch
- 14
- 17
- 18
- 19
- what do all of these make up? What is also anastamosing with these? (16)
- 14- Plantar metatarsal II, III & IV
- 17- Plantar common digital artery II
- 18- Plantar common digital artery III
- 19- Plantar common digital artery IV
- distal deep plantar arch-
- These arteries will join the distal deep plantar arch that is
- also reinforced by the distal perforating branch of dorsal metatarsal artery III.
- This arch spans between the plantar common digital arteries II and IV.
13 branches into 17 and 18
10 branches into 19
- what are these names
- 13- Medial plantar artery
- 17- plantar common digital artery II
- 18- plantar common digital artery III
- 10- lateral plantar artery
- Plantar common digital artery IV
19- plantar common digital artery IV
plantar common digital arteries turn into? (21)
plantar proper digital arteries to supply the digit
To correctly name these terminal branches both the surface and digit it is supplying needs to be included in its name. This can be applied to both the pelvic and thoracic limbs. Use the following list to help name an artery. You must select one of the choices separated by a slash and assemble across the commas.
Axial/abaxial, dorsal/plantar/palmar, proper digital artery, II/III/ IV/ V
- ?
- ?
- ?
- axial plantar proper digital artery II
- abaxial plantar proper digital artery III.
- axial plantar proper digital artery III
no cheat sheet this time!
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 4- axial plantar proper digital artery IV.
- 5- abaxial plantar proper digital artery IV
- 6- axial plantar proper digital artery V.
