Lecture 2 (Head/Neck)

Question 1

What type of tooth is this?

Answer 1

Brachydont tooth

Question 2

What type of tooth is this?

Answer 2

Hypsodont tooth

Question 3

What is structure 1? Structure 2?

Answer 3

Structure 1: Root

Structure 2: Crown

Question 4

What is the length of wear and growth (eruption) expected for a hypsodont tooth every year?

Answer 4

2-3 mm of growth and wear per year

Question 5

What is the name for structure 1 and structure 2?

Answer 5

Structure 1 is the “clinical” crown

Struture 2 is the “reserve” crown

Question 6

What are the names of these surfaces?

Answer 6

1. ) Labial surface
2. ) Lingual surface
3. ) Occlusal surface
4. ) Buccal surface
5. ) Mesial side
6. ) Distal side

Question 7

Define Anisognathic.

Answer 7

It is when the upper jaw is wider than the lower jaw. Seen in horses.

Question 8

In which direction does the “power stroke” of the chewing cycle occur in horses and cows?

Answer 8

It occurs in the Lateral direction. Unlike carnivores which is in the vertical direction.

Question 9

What does the term “floating teeth” describe?

Answer 9

Procedure involving removal of the lingual and buccal points of the teeth. Helps prevent potential injury to the cheek and tongue.

Red line depicts the occlusal surface of the teeth. Notice how it is at an angle instead of 180 degrees.

Question 10

True/False: For the deciduous dentition there are no molars across all species (cat, dog, horse, ruminant, pig)

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Which species corresponds to number 1 and 2 for deciduous and permanent dental formulas.

What is the significance of the red outline?

What is the significance for the highlighted area?

Answer 11

1: horse
2: cow

The red pen highlights the canine tooth of the horse that can but doesnt usually erupt in the deciduous formula.

The yellow highlighter shows that the canine tooth erupts for males and erupts 30% of the time in females.

Canine tooth eruption is variable depending on age and gender of the horse.

Question 12

What is the deciduous and permanent dental formula for the horse and cow.

Answer 12

1: horse
2: cow

Question 13

What tooth is highlighted in red. What tooth is highlighted in blue. When would you expect the tooth highlighted in blue to erupt?

Answer 13

Red: Canine tooth

Blue: Wolf tooth

Wolf tooth erupts at 6-12 months of age

Question 14

The horse has all hypsodont teeth except for which two?

Answer 14

The canine teeth and premolar 1 (which is absent in the adult)

Question 15

In the cow which teeth are hypsodont and which ones are brachydont.

Answer 15

hypsodont: P2-M3

Brachydont: I1-I3 and the canine tooth

Question 16

What are the times for foal incisor 1-3 eruption?

Answer 16

Deciduous Incisor 1: 6-9 days

Deciduous Incisor 2: 6-9 weeks

Deciduous Incisor 3: 6-9 months

Question 17

What are the eruption times for the permanent incisors of the horse?

Answer 17

Permanent Incisor 1: 2 1/2 years

Permanent Incisor 2: 3 1/2 years

Permanent Incisor 3: 4 1/2 years

Canine teeth: 4-5 years

Takes approximately 6 months after eruption for the permanent tooth to contact the upper/lower tooth to begin wearing

Question 18

Identify numbered structures 1, 1’, 2, 3 and 4

Answer 18

1:

1’: Cup

2: pulp cavity
3: Dental Star (secondary Dentin)

4:

Question 19

The dental cups disappear from the lower incisors at what age?

Incisor 1: ?

Incisor 2: ?

Incisor 3: ?

Answer 19

Incisor 1: 6 years

Incisor 2: 7 years

Incisor 3: 8 years

Question 20

Age this horse.

Answer 20

Blue circle is the cup and the red circle is the dental star.

This horse is approximately 4 1/2 years old because you can see the eruption of permanent I3 tooth

Question 21

What is the time frame that the Galvyne’s groove appears on the upper third incisor?

Answer 21

10-30 years (first appears around year 10)

Question 22

The angle of incidence between the upper and lower teeth will be shaper or more round in an older animal?

Answer 22

Sharper

Question 23

What are the permanent incisor eruption times in cattle?

Incisor 1: ?

Incisor 2: ?

Incisor 3: ?

Incisor 4/canine: ?

Answer 23

Incisor 1: 1 1/2 - 2 years

Incisor 2: 2-2 1/2 years

Incisor 3: 3-3 1/2 years

Incisor 4/canine: 3-4 years

Question 24

What are the deciduous teeth eruption times for cattle?

Answer 24

All present at birth or by day 14

Question 25

What are the permanent incisor eruption times in small ruminants?

Incisor 1: ?

Incisor 2: ?

Incisor 3: ?

Incisor 4/canine: ?

Answer 25

Incisor 1: 1-1 1/2 years

Incisor 2: 1 1/2-2 years

Incisor 3: 2 1/2-3 years

Incisor 4/canine: 3-4 years

Question 26

What are the deciduous teeth eruption times for small ruminants?

Answer 26

All present at birth or by day 7.

Question 27

Identify the species and age of this animal.

Answer 27

Cow

It is between the ages of 14 days- 1 1/2 years old

Question 28

Identify the species and the age of the animal.

Answer 28

Cow

Between the ages of 1 1/2-2 years

Question 29

Identify the species and age of this animal

Answer 29

Cow

Between the ages of 2-2 1/2 years

Permanent teeth at I1 and I2

Shovel like appearance to the permanent teeth

Question 30

Identify the species and the age of this animal.

Answer 30

Cow

Between the ages of 3-3 1/2 years

Permanent teeth at I1-I3

Notice the shovel appearance and the deciduous canine tooth

Question 31

What are the structures labeled 1 and 2.

Estimate the age of the animal.

Answer 31

Structure 1 is secondary dentin

Structure 2 is primary dentin

The age of the animal is 8 years old

Question 32

Estimate the age of this animal.

Answer 32

This animal is 11 years old

Brachydont teeth wear much more quickly compared to hypsodont teeth.