Pelvic (Intro, Female Pelvis Review, Uterus & Ovaries) Flashcards
Where is the uterus?
- retroperitoneal
- pelvic cavity
Distal End of Cervix
- 2 lateral fornix
- anterior fornix
- posterior fornix
3 Layers of Uterus
- perimetrium
- myometrium
- endometrium
3 Layers of Myometrium
- subendometrial halo (inner layer)
- intermediate
- outer
Layers of Endometrium
- superficial functional (sloughs off each menses)
- deep basal layer (stay attached to uterus)
How long are the fallopian tubes?
-7 to 12 cm
What are the 4 portions of fallopian tubes from proximal to distal?
- intramural
- isthmus
- ampulla
- infundibulum
Parts of an Ovary
- germinal epithelium (single layer)
- tunica albuginea (fibrous capsule)
- cortex (follicles develop and mature)
- medulla (smaller volume than cortex, composed of fibrous tissue and blood vessels)
If a uterus is tilting to the left, the left ovary may be ______ to the fundus.
-superior
Where else may ovaries be in relation to the uterus?
- lateral
- more adjacent to the cervix
- pushed up to the iliacs
Infantile Uterus
- 2.8cm
- cervix is 2/3 total length
- tubular or inverse pear shape
Neonate Uterus
- slightly larger than infantile due to maternal hormone stimulation
- 3.4cm
- inverse pear shape
What happens to the size of the uterus from age 8 to puberty?
-gradually increases
Uterus @ Puberty
- keeps increasing in size (especially body)
- diameter and length of body double the cervical size
- becomes adult size and shape
What is the size of an adult uterus? (max. dimensions before pregnancies)
7 to 8cm (long) x 5cm (wide) x 4cm (AP)
What does parity (pregnancy) do to the uterus?
-increases normal size by 1cm in each dimension
What is the shape of the adult uterus?
-pear
Menopausal Uterus
- atrophies 3.5 to 6.5 cm (L) x 1.2 to 1.8cm (AP)
- pear shape
- small
Sono Appearance of Myometrium
- 7 to 8cm (long) x 5cm (wide) x 4cm (AP)
- pear shaped
- smooth
- low to medium echogenicity
- homogenous
What may be found in the arcuate arteries of a post menopausal uterus?
- calcifications (linear hyperechoic calcific foci)
- sm echogenic foci within inner myometrium (single or multiple, non shadowing)
**these are all incidental findings and have no clinical significance
What is the average volume of ovaries in a reproductive age woman?
6 cc
Sono Appearance of Ovaries
- oval
- anechoic follicles
- depends of stage of persons cycle
What does the rectum measure from the internal canal?
-17 to 20 cm (7 to 8 in)
Can you visualize the rectum on transabd and transvag?
yes.
Sigmoid on US
- S shape
- gut signature
- begins at fundus of uterus
Posterior Pelvic Muscle
-iliopsoas
Inferior Pelvic Floor
-levator ani (hammock): pubococcygeous and iliococcygeous
Posterior Pelvic Floor
-coccygeous
Inferolateral Pelvic Floor
- obturator internus (lateral)
- piriformis (posterior)
What pelvic floor muscle is often confused with an ovary on US?
-piriformis
Muscle Appearance on US
-moderate echogenicity with echogenic striations within
What can muscle be mistaken for on US?
- ovaries
- masses
How many planes do we image muscle in?
2
Perineum
- skin covered muscular region between vaginal orifice and anus
- diamond shapes
- from pubic symphysis (ant.) to coccyx (post.)
- laterally to the ischial tuberosities (line drawn between divides anterior UG triangle and posterior anal triangle)
- used in translabial scanning
