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Term 2 > Patient Care (test 2) > Flashcards

Patient Care (test 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a health care associated infection (aka nosocomial infection)?

A

-infection acquired during a patient’s stay in the healthcare environment, that was not present at the time of administration

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2
Q

What can a nosocomial infection lead to?

A
  • increased length of stay
  • increased wait times
  • increased morbidity and mortality
  • increased # of antibiotic resistant organisms
  • decreased confidence in the healthcare system
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3
Q

What are routine practices?

A

-infection control measures that are used with every patient, during any/every type of care

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4
Q

What are routine practices used to prevent, and how?

A

-control and transmission of infections

  • screening
  • assessing the risk of infection before every patient encounter
  • performing hand hygiene at the correct times
  • wearing appropriate PPE
  • environmental and administrative controls
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5
Q

If a patient has no signs/symptoms of infection, routine practices so not need to be used. T of F?

A

-false

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6
Q

PPE

A

-equipment that you wear to help prevent the transmission of infectious agents between staff and patient

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7
Q

What does choice of PPE depend on?

A

-the risk assessment that is to be done before every patient interaction

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8
Q

Gloves

A

Used whenever there is possibility of coming in contact with:

  • tissue, blood, body fluids
  • non intact skin
  • mucous membranes
  • soiled equipment or surfaces
  • using cleaning chemicals
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9
Q

Gowns

A

-used when you anticipate that your care activity may contaminate your clothing

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10
Q

Yellow Gowns

A

-most common

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11
Q

Blue Gowns

A

-used for chemo

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12
Q

Masks and Eye Protection

A
  • used when it is anticipated that your care activity may generate splashes or sprays of blood/body fluids
  • also when within 2 m of a coughing patient
  • must wear during high risk (aerosol generating) respiratory procedures regardless of whether or not the patient has symptoms of infection
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13
Q

What are examples of when to use a mask and eye protection?

A
  • use of bag valve mask
  • endotracheal intubation
  • thoracostomy
  • bronchoscopy/endoscopy
  • tracheostomy suctioning/replacement
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14
Q

When do we wear an N95?

A

-airborne diseases

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15
Q

N95 Mask

A
  • specifically fit to the structure of face

- tight seal that prevents any droplets from entering respiratory system

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16
Q

When a patient is not on isolation precautions, but requires oral airway suctioning, what PPE do you wear?

A
  • gloves
  • gown
  • fluid resistant mask
  • eye protection
17
Q

Alcohol Based Hand Rub vs. Soap and Water

A

ABHR:

  • more effective (99.9% of germs removed after 15s)
  • faster (15s)
  • easier on skin

Soap and Water:

  • less effective (99% of germs removed after 25s)
  • longer (20 to 25s)
  • dries out skin
18
Q

When to Use ABHR

A

-when hands are not visibly soiled

19
Q

When to Use Soap and Water

A
  • visibly soiled hands (blood, body fluids, dirt)
  • exposure to spore forming bacteria
  • after the washroom
20
Q

how can we reduce dryness and irritation?

A
  • use warm (not hot) water
  • rinse thoroughly
  • pat dry (don’t rub)
  • use facility provided lotion
  • protect hands from chemicals (gloves when cleaning)
21
Q

Factors Impacting Hand Hygiene

A
  • skin condition
  • keep nails short and clean
  • remove rings, bracelets, watches, etc.
  • no fake nails
  • no chipped nail polish
  • push sleeves up
22
Q

Patient Zone vs. Healthcare Zone

A

Patient Zone: everything in immediate proximity to the patient

Healthcare Zone: everything outside the patient zone

23
Q

4 Moments of Hand Hygiene

A

1) before initial patient/patient environment contact
2) before aseptic procedure
3) after body fluid exposure risk
4) after patient/patient environment contact

24
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission of infection organisms in a hospital setting?

A

-contaminated hands of healthcare workers

25
Q

which hand hygiene indication protects your patients the most?

A

-before patient/patient environment contact

26
Q

Additional Precautions (AP)

A
  • infection prevention and control methods to be used in addition to the routine practices
  • what is used is based on the mode of infection transmission
27
Q

When do we start/stop additional practices (AP)?

A
  • must be initiated as soon as patient exhibit symptoms that are suggestive of an infection
  • once AP practices are initiated, they are to always be used in addition to routine practices and must remain in place until there is no longer any risk of transmission
  • these patients should be frequently assessed as to not AP any longer than necessary
28
Q

Examples of AP

A
  • special accommodations and signage
  • barrier equipment (PPE)
  • dedicated equipment
  • additional cleaning
  • limited transport
  • communication of the patient’s isolation status
29
Q

Special Accommodations and Signage

A
  • single room with private bathroom
  • patient room with an anteroom
  • patients under the same precautions for the same reasons can be in the same room
  • signs outside the room or on chart indicting the types of precautions
30
Q

Types of Precautions

A
  • standary/universal/routine
  • contact
  • droplet
  • contact/droplet
  • airborne
  • reverse isolation
31
Q

Contact Transmission/Precautions

A
  • organisms can transmit via contact
  • direct contact occurs through touching
  • indirect contact occurs by touching contaminated objects in the environment
  • require you to wear gloves and a gown
32
Q

Examples of Contact Precautions

A
  • antibiotic resistant organisms (MRSA, VRE)
  • gastroenteritis (rotavirus, C Diff)
  • lice, scabies
  • viral meningitis
  • hep A
33
Q

Contact and Droplet Transmission/Precautions

A
  • organisms are transported via droplet route
  • requires a mask with face shield or goggles when 2m from patient
  • also gloves and gown
34
Q

Examples of Droplet and Contact Transmission

A
  • bacterial meningitis (D)
  • strep throat (D)
  • necrotizing fasciitis (D)
  • viral respiratory viruses (D/C)
  • fever of unknown origin (D/C)
  • pneumonia (D/C)
35
Q

Airborne Transmission/Precaution

A
  • infections are transmitted via airborne route
  • required particulate respirator (N95)
  • patient is in negative pressure room
  • N95 mask required you to be specially fit
  • sometimes the room may need to sit for an hour before it can be cleaned (to allow particles to settle)
36
Q

Examples of Airborne Transmission/Precautions

A
  • measles
  • chicken pox (varicella)
  • TB
  • H1N1
37
Q

What additional cleaning does C Diff require?

A

-room to be cleaned twice a day with sporicidal cleaner

38
Q

Donning PPE

A
  • hand hygiene
  • gown
  • mask
  • goggles
  • gloves
39
Q

Doffing PPE

A
  • gloves
  • gown
  • hand hygiene
  • goggles
  • mask

Term 2 (19 decks)

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