Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Term 2 > Pelvic (congenital abnormalities of uterus) > Flashcards

Pelvic (congenital abnormalities of uterus) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 congenital anomalies of the uterus?

A

1) arrested development
2) failure of fusion
3) failure of resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arrested Development

A

Bilateral:

  • rare
  • uterus nails to develop or hypo plastic

Unicornuate Unicollis:

  • sm uterus
  • 1 horn, 1 cervix
  • associated with renal congenital anomalies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Failure of Fusion

A

-mullarian ducts fail to fuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Results of Failure of Fusion

A
  • bicornuate unicollis
  • bicornuate bicollis
  • didelphys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bicornuate Bicollis

A
  • 1 uterus
  • difficult to distinguish from didelphys
  • more common than didelphys
  • failure of fusion happens more superior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Didelphys

A
  • 2 cervix’s
  • 2 uterus’
  • sometimes 2 vagina’s
  • rare
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens if you become pregnant with a bicornuate bicollis?

A
  • growth restrictions
  • preterm delivery
  • C section
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between unicollis and bicollis?

A

-where failure of fusion occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can you become pregnant with didelphys?

A
  • yes

- may have fertility issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Failure of Resorption

A
  • medium septum does not get resorbed
  • normal exterior uterine contour
  • sepate or subseptate
  • arcuate (slight dip)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is failure of resorption associated with?

A
  • spontaneous abortions (can’t stay pregnant)

- fertility issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common mullein duct anomaly?

A

-septate uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you know if there is an anomaly with 2D US?

A
  • should see endometrium dividing in TRV
  • how far apart are the endometrium
  • contour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is important with failure of fusion?

A

-plan for early delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What could be a reason for multiple miscarriages?

A

-failure of resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is the best time in a women”s menstrual cycle to scan for uterine congenital anomaly?

A

-secretory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diethylstilbestrol

A
  • drug taken by mother (difficult pregnancy)
  • ended in 1971
  • given in 1st trimester
  • irregular T shapes uterine cavity
  • small
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Uterine Abnormalities

A
  • leiomyoma (fibroids)
  • lipomatous uterine tumors
  • leiomyosarcoma
  • adenomyosis
  • arteriovenous malformations (AVM)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fibroid/Leiomyoma

A
  • benign solid uterine tumor
  • composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous
  • usually multipleCT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common neoplasm (tumor) of the uterus?

A

-leiomyoma/fibroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who is leiomyoma/fibroid’s common in?

A
  • 20 to 30% of women > 30 years old

- more common in black women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most common cause of enlargement of non pregnant uterus?

A

-leiomyoma/fibroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are leiomyoma’s/fibroid’s dependant on?

A

-estrogen (decrease in side in menopause)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Symptoms of Leiomyoma’s/Fibroid’s

A
  • often asymptomatic
  • pain
  • bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Fibroid Classification
- intramural - submucosal - subserosal
26
Intramural Fibroid
- most common | - in myometrium
27
Submuscosal Fibroid
- less common - projecting into uterine cavity (displacing endometrium) - infertility
28
Subserosal Fibroid
- projects out from myometrium | - distorts contour of uterus
29
Pitfalls of Pedunculated Subserosal Fibroids
- seen or confused with adnexal mass | - can project between broad ligament (intraligamentour)
30
Cervical Fibroids
- classified based on cervix location - 8% are located in cervix - includes intramural, submuscosal and subserosal
31
Sonographic Appearance of Fibroids
- hypoechoic - heterogenous - areas of attenuation - distorted contour
32
US Role with Fibroids
- location - size - single or multiple - origin - attachement to uterus
33
Postmenopausal Fibroids
- rare - decrease/stabilize in size - calcified - can increase in size if on HRT or tamoxifen
34
When might fibroids increase in size?
-pregnancy
35
Vascularity of Fibroids
- peripheral | - uterine vessels supplying fibroids
36
Fibroids Transabdominal
- larger FOV - better assessing of lg fibroids - can be missed of TVP
37
Fibroids TVP
- good at detecting fibroids - origin of lg pedunculate, subserodal fibroids vs. adnexal mass - fundal fibroids on retroverted uterus
38
Treatment of Symptomatic Fibroids
- uterine artery embolization (UAE) - surgical treatment (hysterectomy) - medical treatment
39
Lipomatous Uterine Tumors/Lipoleimyomas
- uncommon - benign - consists of mature lipocytes, smooth muscle, fibrous tissue
40
Lipomatous Uterine Tumors/Lipoleimyomas on US
- echogenic, attenuating mass - in myometrium - no colour - asymptomatic
41
Leiomyosarcoma
- rare - malignant - may arise from leiomyoma - asymptomatic or uterine bleeding - same symptoms as fibroid
42
What % of uterine cancers are leiomyosarcoma?
1.3%
43
Leiomyosarcoma on US
- rapid growth or degenerating fibroid - rarely diagnosed preoperatively - exception (may see local invasion of bladder or rectum) - distant mets
44
What is a clue for leiomyosarcoma?
- rapid growth | - post menopausal growth
45
Adenomyosis
- common - endometrial glands and stroma within myometrium - associated with sooth muscle hyperplasia - diffuse or nodular - fibroids may be possible
46
Diffuse Adenomyosis
- common | - widely scattered foci in myometrium
47
Nodular Adenomyosis
-circumscribed nodules
48
Clinical Presentation of Adenomyosis
- nonspecific - uterine enlargement - pelvic pain - dysmenorrhea - common in women with children
49
How are adenomyosis seen best?
-TVP
50
Adenomyosis on US
- enlarged - heterogenous - asymmetrical thickening of myometrium - inhomogenous hypoechoic areas - myometrial cysts - poor delineation of the border between endo and myo - focal tenderness with TVP - subendometrial echogenic linear striations - subendometrial echogenic nodules
51
Localized Adenomyosis
- can be confused with fibroid - inhomogenous, circumscribed area within myometrium - ill defined borders - internal vascularity
52
Lieomyomas
- well defined borders | - peripheral vascularity
53
What imaging modalities are good at diagnosing adenomyosis?
- MRI | - US
54
Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM)
- vascular plexus of arteries and veins with no capillary network - rare lesion
55
How are most AVM's acquired?
- pelvic trauma - surgery - gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
56
How are AVM's diagnosed?
- postabortion and postpartum periods - severe vaginal bleeding - D & C (could worsen bleeding or hemorrhage)
57
AVM's on 2D US
- multiple, tortuous, anechoic structures - myometrium is heterogenous - myometrial or endometrial mass
58
AMV's on Colour Doppler
- better - increase colour flow shown - coloured mosaic pattern
59
AMV's on Spectral Doppler
- high velocity - low resistance arterial flow - high velocity venous flow (more like an artery)
60
Differential Diagnosis of AVM's
- retained products of conception (RPOC) - GTN (gestational trophoblastic neoplasia) - subinvolution of placental bed - neg. hCG can help distinguish
61
Treatment of AVM's
- may resolve | - emboization if severe bleeding
62
Monckeberg's Arteriosclerosis
- form of arteriosclerosis (hardening/calcifications of vessels) - calcium deposits around muscular middle layer of artery walls (tunica media) - in peripheral, coronary arteries and genital organ arteries
63
Cause of Monckeberg's Arterioclerosis
- unknown cause - no S/S - increasing age
64
What is Monckeberg's Arteriosclerosis associated with?
- diabetes - chronic kidney disease - lupus - chronic inflammatory conditions

Term 2 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions