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developmental > pelvic health > Flashcards

pelvic health Flashcards

1
Q

what is endometriosis?

A

When the endometrial tissue (lining of the uterus) grows outside of the uterus (most common on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, connective tissues, vagina etc)

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2
Q

Edometriosis is most common in women aged ______ to ________

A

30-40

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3
Q

What is primary dysmenorrhea?

A

painful periods; the most common type of dysmenorrhea

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4
Q

What are the 4 risk factors of dysmenorrhea?

A

-menarche began before age 11
- long or heavy periods
- smoking
-stress

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5
Q

What is secondary dysmenorrhea?

A

painful period that is caused by an associated medical condition such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, or ovarian cysts

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6
Q

What is interstitial cystitis?

A

chronic pain condition that affects the bladder, and sometimes the pelvis and genitals

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7
Q

What is a differential diagnosis of interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome?

A

chronic urinary tract infection

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8
Q

T/F: Interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome only happens in women

A

False; can happen in men and called chronic pelvic pain syndrome

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9
Q

What is interstitial cystitis called in men?

A

chronic pelvic pain syndrome

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10
Q

T/F: chronic pelvic pain syndrome is most common in young men (average age of 43)

A

true

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11
Q

What is pudendal neuralgia? Spinal levels?

A

chronic nerve pain due to injury of the pudendal nerve spinal levels S2-S4

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12
Q

What is persistent genital arousal disorder? Where does this disorder occur?

A

the unwanted sensation of genital arousal that is not resolved with orgasm; occurs when the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve is irritated

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13
Q

T/F: PGAD is more common in men than women

A

false; more common in women than men

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14
Q

What is vulvodynia and vestibulodynia?

A

vulvodynia is persistent, idiopathic vulvar pain (can be in all areas of the vulva or localized to certain structures only
Vestibulodynia is idiopathic pain at the vestibule (most common form of vulvodynia)

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15
Q

What is vaginismus? Who does it impact most commonly? (ages)

A

a condition in which the muscles around the opening of the vagina and surrounding the vagina involuntarily contract or tighten; most commonly impacts 18-35 year olds

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16
Q

What is diastasis rectus abdominus ?

A

the separation and thinning of the rectus abdominus muscles and stretching of the linea alba by more than 2 inches

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17
Q

What is the prevalence of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain?

A

20% of pregnant

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18
Q

What is pre-eclampsia?

A

a high risk pregnancy condition that involves elevated BP, headache, or swelling during postpartum or during gestation

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19
Q

What are pelvic floor disorders?

A

conditions that develop because of weakening of the support structure of the pelvic floor

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20
Q

What is the number one risk factor for pelvic floor disorders in women?

A

pregnancy / child birth

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21
Q

What is pelvic organ prolapse?

A

weakening of the pelvic floor that leads to pelvic floor organs falling out through the vagina

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22
Q

What is stress urinary incontinence?

A

when urine leaks out with coughing, sneezing, lifting something heavy or standing up; occurs when the support structures around the urethra are weakened

23
Q

what is benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

benign enlargement of the prostate that is believed to be due to decreasing levels of testosterone

24
Q

T/F: Accidental bowel leakage is more common in women

A

False; increases men and women roughly the same

25
Q

cervical cancer develops from ____________ in most cases.

A

HPV virus

26
Q

What is the most common cancer in older men?

A

prostate cancer

27
Q

What are the three risk factors for prostate cancer?

A

age, genetics, and race

28
Q

What is genitourinary syndrome of menopause and which hormone is it caused by?

A

a collection of symptoms that can occur in women who are menopausal (venn diagram chart); caused by decreased estrogen production

29
Q

What is lichens sclerosis and which population does it impact most commonly?

A

An autoimmune skin condition where your labia minora fuses; commonly impacts post-menopausal females

30
Q

T/F: Men are more impacted by constipation than women

A

False; women suffered from constipation significantly more often than men

31
Q

What is nulliparous?

A

not having kids

32
Q

What percentage of American women between 15 and 44 does endometriosis affect?

A

11%

33
Q

What are the symptoms of interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome?

A

pain, urinary frequency, bladder pressure, dyspareunia, dysuria, and hematuria

34
Q

What is dyspareunia?

A

painful vaginal insertion

35
Q

What are the typical causes of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)?

A

hypertonicity and/or nerve irritation

36
Q

What is pudendal neuralgia caused by?

A

stretch or compression to the pudendal nerve through activities such as forceps delivery, chronic straining, weightlifting, and biking

37
Q

List the MSK changes that occur during pregnancy:
- head:
- shoulders and chest:
- abs, butt, and uterus:
- knees:
-feet:

A
  • head: chin pushing forward, eyes down
  • shoulders and chest: slouched / rounded (more difficult to breath)
  • abs, butt, and uterus: slack muscles allow anterior pelvic tilt, strained abdominals. and excess pressure on the bladder
  • knees: pressed back; strain joints and push pelvis forward
    -feet: weight on inner borders; strains arches and calves (leg aches)
38
Q

What are the signs of pregnancy pelvic girdle pain?

A
  • waddle gait pattern
  • clicking / grinding in pubis area
  • provoked pain with resisted abd and add
  • limited abd arom
39
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

when the placenta is covering the cervical opening which could lead to an early birth

40
Q

Pelvic organ prolapse can occur in _____ in _______ women (prevalence)

A

1 in 3 women

41
Q

Stress urinary incontinence can occur in _____ in _______ women (prevalence)

A

1 in 3 women

42
Q

What is the leading cause of urinary incontinence in men?

A

treatment for prostate cancer

43
Q

What is overactive bladder / urge incontinence? What causes it?

A

a sudden urge to urinate, sometimes followed by leaking; occurs when the detrusor muscles (muscle in bladder) contracts too often, and before the bladder is full

44
Q

Overactive bladder / urge incontinence affects up to ____% of men and _____% of women in the US

A

40% men; 30% of women

45
Q

T/F: The prostate decreases in weight throughout a man’s lifetime

A

False; the prostate increase in weight about 21 times, compared to its birth weight

46
Q

What are three risk factors of accidental bowel leakage?

A
  • vaginal delivery with grade 4 perineal tear
  • uncontrolled diabetes / diabetic neuropathy
  • radiation therapy
47
Q

Cervical cancer is most frequently diagnosed between ages ________ and _______

A

35 and 44 years old

48
Q

What is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system?

A

ovarian cancer

49
Q

T/F: having endometriosis and having never given birth are risk factors for ovarian cancer

A

true

50
Q

T/F: Most men with prostate cancer are older and die from the disease

A

false; Most men with prostate cancer are older and DO NOT die from the disease

51
Q

What are 4 red flag symptoms of prostate cancer?

A

1) pain or burning during urination
2) blood in the urine or semen
3) persistent pain in the back, hips, or pelvis
4) painful ejaculation

52
Q

Digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) are screenings done for what pathology?

A

prostate cancer

53
Q

T/F: due to estrogen changes recurrent UTI is more common in premenopausal women

A

False: due to estrogen changes recurrent UTI is more common in postmenopausal women

54
Q

What are the three types of constipation?

A

slow transit (intestines not moving things), obstructed defecation (something blocking it), and dyssynergic defecation (muscular closing of door)

developmental (9 decks)

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