pelvic health Flashcards
what is endometriosis?
When the endometrial tissue (lining of the uterus) grows outside of the uterus (most common on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, connective tissues, vagina etc)
Edometriosis is most common in women aged ______ to ________
30-40
What is primary dysmenorrhea?
painful periods; the most common type of dysmenorrhea
What are the 4 risk factors of dysmenorrhea?
-menarche began before age 11
- long or heavy periods
- smoking
-stress
What is secondary dysmenorrhea?
painful period that is caused by an associated medical condition such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, or ovarian cysts
What is interstitial cystitis?
chronic pain condition that affects the bladder, and sometimes the pelvis and genitals
What is a differential diagnosis of interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome?
chronic urinary tract infection
T/F: Interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome only happens in women
False; can happen in men and called chronic pelvic pain syndrome
What is interstitial cystitis called in men?
chronic pelvic pain syndrome
T/F: chronic pelvic pain syndrome is most common in young men (average age of 43)
true
What is pudendal neuralgia? Spinal levels?
chronic nerve pain due to injury of the pudendal nerve spinal levels S2-S4
What is persistent genital arousal disorder? Where does this disorder occur?
the unwanted sensation of genital arousal that is not resolved with orgasm; occurs when the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve is irritated
T/F: PGAD is more common in men than women
false; more common in women than men
What is vulvodynia and vestibulodynia?
vulvodynia is persistent, idiopathic vulvar pain (can be in all areas of the vulva or localized to certain structures only
Vestibulodynia is idiopathic pain at the vestibule (most common form of vulvodynia)
What is vaginismus? Who does it impact most commonly? (ages)
a condition in which the muscles around the opening of the vagina and surrounding the vagina involuntarily contract or tighten; most commonly impacts 18-35 year olds
What is diastasis rectus abdominus ?
the separation and thinning of the rectus abdominus muscles and stretching of the linea alba by more than 2 inches
What is the prevalence of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain?
20% of pregnant
What is pre-eclampsia?
a high risk pregnancy condition that involves elevated BP, headache, or swelling during postpartum or during gestation
What are pelvic floor disorders?
conditions that develop because of weakening of the support structure of the pelvic floor
What is the number one risk factor for pelvic floor disorders in women?
pregnancy / child birth
What is pelvic organ prolapse?
weakening of the pelvic floor that leads to pelvic floor organs falling out through the vagina
What is stress urinary incontinence?
when urine leaks out with coughing, sneezing, lifting something heavy or standing up; occurs when the support structures around the urethra are weakened
what is benign prostatic hyperplasia?
benign enlargement of the prostate that is believed to be due to decreasing levels of testosterone
T/F: Accidental bowel leakage is more common in women
False; increases men and women roughly the same
cervical cancer develops from ____________ in most cases.
HPV virus
What is the most common cancer in older men?
prostate cancer
What are the three risk factors for prostate cancer?
age, genetics, and race
What is genitourinary syndrome of menopause and which hormone is it caused by?
a collection of symptoms that can occur in women who are menopausal (venn diagram chart); caused by decreased estrogen production
What is lichens sclerosis and which population does it impact most commonly?
An autoimmune skin condition where your labia minora fuses; commonly impacts post-menopausal females
T/F: Men are more impacted by constipation than women
False; women suffered from constipation significantly more often than men
What is nulliparous?
not having kids
What percentage of American women between 15 and 44 does endometriosis affect?
11%
What are the symptoms of interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome?
pain, urinary frequency, bladder pressure, dyspareunia, dysuria, and hematuria
What is dyspareunia?
painful vaginal insertion
What are the typical causes of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)?
hypertonicity and/or nerve irritation
What is pudendal neuralgia caused by?
stretch or compression to the pudendal nerve through activities such as forceps delivery, chronic straining, weightlifting, and biking
List the MSK changes that occur during pregnancy:
- head:
- shoulders and chest:
- abs, butt, and uterus:
- knees:
-feet:
- head: chin pushing forward, eyes down
- shoulders and chest: slouched / rounded (more difficult to breath)
- abs, butt, and uterus: slack muscles allow anterior pelvic tilt, strained abdominals. and excess pressure on the bladder
- knees: pressed back; strain joints and push pelvis forward
-feet: weight on inner borders; strains arches and calves (leg aches)
What are the signs of pregnancy pelvic girdle pain?
- waddle gait pattern
- clicking / grinding in pubis area
- provoked pain with resisted abd and add
- limited abd arom
What is placenta previa?
when the placenta is covering the cervical opening which could lead to an early birth
Pelvic organ prolapse can occur in _____ in _______ women (prevalence)
1 in 3 women
Stress urinary incontinence can occur in _____ in _______ women (prevalence)
1 in 3 women
What is the leading cause of urinary incontinence in men?
treatment for prostate cancer
What is overactive bladder / urge incontinence? What causes it?
a sudden urge to urinate, sometimes followed by leaking; occurs when the detrusor muscles (muscle in bladder) contracts too often, and before the bladder is full
Overactive bladder / urge incontinence affects up to ____% of men and _____% of women in the US
40% men; 30% of women
T/F: The prostate decreases in weight throughout a man’s lifetime
False; the prostate increase in weight about 21 times, compared to its birth weight
What are three risk factors of accidental bowel leakage?
- vaginal delivery with grade 4 perineal tear
- uncontrolled diabetes / diabetic neuropathy
- radiation therapy
Cervical cancer is most frequently diagnosed between ages ________ and _______
35 and 44 years old
What is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system?
ovarian cancer
T/F: having endometriosis and having never given birth are risk factors for ovarian cancer
true
T/F: Most men with prostate cancer are older and die from the disease
false; Most men with prostate cancer are older and DO NOT die from the disease
What are 4 red flag symptoms of prostate cancer?
1) pain or burning during urination
2) blood in the urine or semen
3) persistent pain in the back, hips, or pelvis
4) painful ejaculation
Digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) are screenings done for what pathology?
prostate cancer
T/F: due to estrogen changes recurrent UTI is more common in premenopausal women
False: due to estrogen changes recurrent UTI is more common in postmenopausal women
What are the three types of constipation?
slow transit (intestines not moving things), obstructed defecation (something blocking it), and dyssynergic defecation (muscular closing of door)
