Adolescence Flashcards
What is the age range of adolescence?
11 years to 18 years
What is the age range of young adulthood?
18 years to 22/25 years
According to Erik Erickson’s psychological stages, what conflict are adolescents experiencing? What is the age range?
identity vs confusion; the age range is from 12-19
What ages are pre-adolescence in females? Males?
Females: 8-10 years old
Males: 9-11 years old
What is pre-adolescence marked by? When does it end?
the onset of menses; Ends in females: menarche at age 12-13
Ends in male: production of sperm
What are the four major changes during puberty?
1) development of primary sex characteristics (sex organs)
2) development of secondary sex characteristics (physical appearance ie. breast)
3) rapid physical growth - spurt in height and weight
4) changes in body proportions
When is the female menarche?
ages 12-13
Which of the four major changes seen in puberty does a physical therapist need to consider when performing an evaluation and/or designing a treatment plan?
Rapid physical growth (spurt in height and weight)
What are primary sex characteristics? Secondary?
Primary: testes and ovaries
Secondary: physical appearance
Name 3 factors effecting the timing of puberty?
genetics, stress, socioeconomic status
T/F : Female athletes have premature menarche and regular menstrual cycles
False; female athletes can have menstrual irregularities, one being delayed menarche
What does GnRH stand for?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormon
Puberty is second to the _____________ period as the phase of most rapid growth
prenatal
what is the order that growth spurts begin in? (body parts)
feet, legs, trunk
What is the range for healthy weight body mass index?
18.8-24.9
What is the body mass index for age for healthy weight (percentage)?
5%-85%
What body parts reach adult size first?
face and nose
T/F: The trunk is longer than the LE during puberty
False; the LE becomes longer than the trunk
Do bones or muscles grow faster?
Bones; this leads to motor awkwardness
How many inches do girls grow during puberty?
2-8 inches
How many inches do boys grow during puberty?
4-12 inches
How much weight do girls gain during puberty? Boys?
Both gain 15-65 pounds
Girls reach 98% of final height by age ______. Boys reach 98% of final height by age ______.
Girls: 17
Boys: 18
Girls cease height growth between ________ to ______ years of age
16 to 17
T/F: Hands and feet reach adult size before arms and legs
True
When does bone growth stop for girls? boys?
Girls: 18
Boys: 21
When do all epiphyseal plates close?
age 25
T/F: Bone is mature through most of adolescence
False; bone is immature through much of adolescence
When is adult muscle diameter reached?
early teens (12-15 years)
When does strength usually level off in girls?
after age 15
When does strength accelerate for boys?
between age 13-20
What is the resting pulse rate for adolescents?
60-90bpm
What is normal respiratory rate for adolescence?
16-24 breaths/min
__________ (greater/lesser) surface area-to-body mass ratio for temperature regulation
Greater
Is the temperature regulation system in adolescents at the same level as that of adults?
No; they have lower sweating capacity due to fewer sweat glands and are at risk for heat related injuries and heat loss
What is the recommended FITT for adolescents?
F: 3-5 x per week
I: 50-85% of VO2 max or 40-50% in deconditioned individuals
T: 3-60 minutes
T: fun, developmentally appropriate, various types of activity
What happens to HR during acute exercise? SV? CO?
HR: higher
SV: lower
CO: higher in children and teens
Define social antagonism
need for privacy, resent supervision and directions, struggle for independence, wish to be free from restrictions and parental control
Ages ______ to ______, their psychosocial development is characterized by being most self-centered and valuing peer’s opinions with stereotypical adoclescent preoccupations
13-14
At what ages are risk-taking behaviors a problem?
15-16
At what ages does dating begin?
15-16
Ages ___ to _____: Increasingly capable of thinking hypothetically, applying formal logic, and using abstract concepts (cognitive development)
11-14
Self-esteem is affected by personal judgements of…… (4 things)
1) physical attractiveness
2) acceptance by peers
3) academic competence
4) athletic ability and conduct
In what decade of life are there small gains in self-esteem?
second decade of life
Suicide is the ______ leading cause of death in youths and young adults
3rd
________ young people aged 15-24 commit suicide
5,000
By the end of high school ______% have had sexual intercourse
48%
condom use _____%
57%
T/F: there is an increased risk for injury in adolescent athletes
true
what does RED-S stand for?
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport
What is RED-S? What is an example of an implication / symptom in relation to PT?
A model showing that insufficient caloric intake and/or excessive energy expenditure leads to inadequate energy to support the body’s physiological functions
PT implication: decreased muscular strength and endurance performance, chronic fatigue, bone loss (increased risk of fractures)
T/F: ACL injury is more common in males
False; more common in female athletes
T/F: One of the menstrual irregularities that could occur in female athletes is that the establishment of successive ovulatory cycles does not occur for months to years after menarche
true
T/F: ACL injuries in adolescence lead to an increased risk for osteoarthritis later in life
True
