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developmental > Adolescence > Flashcards

Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

What is the age range of adolescence?

A

11 years to 18 years

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2
Q

What is the age range of young adulthood?

A

18 years to 22/25 years

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3
Q

According to Erik Erickson’s psychological stages, what conflict are adolescents experiencing? What is the age range?

A

identity vs confusion; the age range is from 12-19

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4
Q

What ages are pre-adolescence in females? Males?

A

Females: 8-10 years old
Males: 9-11 years old

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5
Q

What is pre-adolescence marked by? When does it end?

A

the onset of menses; Ends in females: menarche at age 12-13
Ends in male: production of sperm

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6
Q

What are the four major changes during puberty?

A

1) development of primary sex characteristics (sex organs)
2) development of secondary sex characteristics (physical appearance ie. breast)
3) rapid physical growth - spurt in height and weight
4) changes in body proportions

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7
Q

When is the female menarche?

A

ages 12-13

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8
Q

Which of the four major changes seen in puberty does a physical therapist need to consider when performing an evaluation and/or designing a treatment plan?

A

Rapid physical growth (spurt in height and weight)

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9
Q

What are primary sex characteristics? Secondary?

A

Primary: testes and ovaries
Secondary: physical appearance

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10
Q

Name 3 factors effecting the timing of puberty?

A

genetics, stress, socioeconomic status

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11
Q

T/F : Female athletes have premature menarche and regular menstrual cycles

A

False; female athletes can have menstrual irregularities, one being delayed menarche

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12
Q

What does GnRH stand for?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormon

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13
Q

Puberty is second to the _____________ period as the phase of most rapid growth

A

prenatal

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14
Q

what is the order that growth spurts begin in? (body parts)

A

feet, legs, trunk

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15
Q

What is the range for healthy weight body mass index?

A

18.8-24.9

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16
Q

What is the body mass index for age for healthy weight (percentage)?

A

5%-85%

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17
Q

What body parts reach adult size first?

A

face and nose

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18
Q

T/F: The trunk is longer than the LE during puberty

A

False; the LE becomes longer than the trunk

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19
Q

Do bones or muscles grow faster?

A

Bones; this leads to motor awkwardness

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20
Q

How many inches do girls grow during puberty?

A

2-8 inches

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21
Q

How many inches do boys grow during puberty?

A

4-12 inches

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22
Q

How much weight do girls gain during puberty? Boys?

A

Both gain 15-65 pounds

23
Q

Girls reach 98% of final height by age ______. Boys reach 98% of final height by age ______.

A

Girls: 17
Boys: 18

24
Q

Girls cease height growth between ________ to ______ years of age

A

16 to 17

25
Q

T/F: Hands and feet reach adult size before arms and legs

A

True

26
Q

When does bone growth stop for girls? boys?

A

Girls: 18
Boys: 21

27
Q

When do all epiphyseal plates close?

A

age 25

28
Q

T/F: Bone is mature through most of adolescence

A

False; bone is immature through much of adolescence

29
Q

When is adult muscle diameter reached?

A

early teens (12-15 years)

30
Q

When does strength usually level off in girls?

A

after age 15

31
Q

When does strength accelerate for boys?

A

between age 13-20

32
Q

What is the resting pulse rate for adolescents?

A

60-90bpm

33
Q

What is normal respiratory rate for adolescence?

A

16-24 breaths/min

34
Q

__________ (greater/lesser) surface area-to-body mass ratio for temperature regulation

A

Greater

35
Q

Is the temperature regulation system in adolescents at the same level as that of adults?

A

No; they have lower sweating capacity due to fewer sweat glands and are at risk for heat related injuries and heat loss

36
Q

What is the recommended FITT for adolescents?

A

F: 3-5 x per week
I: 50-85% of VO2 max or 40-50% in deconditioned individuals
T: 3-60 minutes
T: fun, developmentally appropriate, various types of activity

37
Q

What happens to HR during acute exercise? SV? CO?

A

HR: higher
SV: lower
CO: higher in children and teens

38
Q

Define social antagonism

A

need for privacy, resent supervision and directions, struggle for independence, wish to be free from restrictions and parental control

39
Q

Ages ______ to ______, their psychosocial development is characterized by being most self-centered and valuing peer’s opinions with stereotypical adoclescent preoccupations

A

13-14

40
Q

At what ages are risk-taking behaviors a problem?

A

15-16

41
Q

At what ages does dating begin?

A

15-16

42
Q

Ages ___ to _____: Increasingly capable of thinking hypothetically, applying formal logic, and using abstract concepts (cognitive development)

A

11-14

43
Q

Self-esteem is affected by personal judgements of…… (4 things)

A

1) physical attractiveness
2) acceptance by peers
3) academic competence
4) athletic ability and conduct

44
Q

In what decade of life are there small gains in self-esteem?

A

second decade of life

45
Q

Suicide is the ______ leading cause of death in youths and young adults

A

3rd

46
Q

________ young people aged 15-24 commit suicide

A

5,000

47
Q

By the end of high school ______% have had sexual intercourse

A

48%

48
Q

condom use _____%

A

57%

49
Q

T/F: there is an increased risk for injury in adolescent athletes

A

true

50
Q

what does RED-S stand for?

A

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

51
Q

What is RED-S? What is an example of an implication / symptom in relation to PT?

A

A model showing that insufficient caloric intake and/or excessive energy expenditure leads to inadequate energy to support the body’s physiological functions

PT implication: decreased muscular strength and endurance performance, chronic fatigue, bone loss (increased risk of fractures)

52
Q

T/F: ACL injury is more common in males

A

False; more common in female athletes

53
Q

T/F: One of the menstrual irregularities that could occur in female athletes is that the establishment of successive ovulatory cycles does not occur for months to years after menarche

A

true

54
Q

T/F: ACL injuries in adolescence lead to an increased risk for osteoarthritis later in life

A

True

developmental (9 decks)

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