Lecture 4 (Cardiopulmonary System) Flashcards
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
heart, vasculature, and blood
What are the three types of vessels?
arteries, veins, capillaries
Pulmonary artery carries ________ (oxygenated/ deoxygenated blood)
deoxygenated
pulmonary veins carries __________ (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood
oxygenated
vasculogenesis and when does it occur?
formation of arteries and veins; ONLY during embryonic development
angiogenesis and when does it occur?
formation of vascular branches from existing blood vessels; during embryonic development AND throughout life (during healing)
What are the 3 layers of blood vessels?
tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima
What is an example of a large artery?
aaorta, left common carotid artery
What are the three classes of veins?
large veins, medium small veins, and venules
sympathetic nervous system
increase HR and cause vasoconstriction
parasympathtic nervous system
decrease HR and cause vasodilation
What are the two types of receptors?
baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
where are baroreceptors located and what does it detect?
aorta and carotid sinus; detect changes in BP
where are chemoreceptors located and what does it detect?
aorta and carotid body; detects changes in pH and O2
when does heart develop?
3 weeks after conception
when do we hear a heart beat during pregnancy?
4 weeks
when does the heart form into a 4-chamber structure (septation)?
7 weeks
where is the baby getting oxygen and nutrients during pregnancy?
the placenta
shunting systems
small passages for blood to travel through in order to bypass body parts that are not yet developed
what are the three main shunting systems to bypass lungs?
foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus
what percent of live births have a congenital heart disease?
1%
What is the leading non-infectious cause of death in 1st year of life?
congenital heart disease
When does the left side of the heart become predominant?
as they grow up during infancy and childhood
in children / infants heart is initially oriented __________ (horizontally / vertically)
horizontally
T/F the number of myocytes increase in childhood
False; increase in myofibrils, increase in force production (contraction of myocyte)
What happens to the following during infancy and childhood?: blood volume, stroke volume, heart rate, and blood pressure
Blood volume: increases
Stroke Volume: increases
Blood pressure: increase
Heart rate: decreases
What happens to the vessels in aging (common theme in systems)?
thicker, stiffer, and less flexible
What is the leading cause of deaths in adults?
Heart disease
What are the components of the pulmonary system?
lungs, airways, blood vessels, and thorax
What is the primary function of the pulmonary system?
gas exchange
What are the two zones of the pulmonary system and what parts are included in each?
1) conducting zone (passageway for air to travel): nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and brinchioles
2) respiratory zone (gas exchange): respiratory bronchiles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
Where is the center in the brain that controls respiration?
medulla oblongata and pons