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developmental > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

what is ageism?

A

discriminating against someone because of their age

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2
Q

T/F: Ageism is associated with earlier death (7.5 years), poorer physical and mental health, and poor health behaviors

A

True

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3
Q

In 2020, people over 65 and over comprised _____% of the population in the united states

A

20%

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4
Q

T/F: Life expectancy continues to decrease

A

false; life expectancy continues to rise

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5
Q

T/F: Women have a longer life expectancy than men

A

true

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6
Q

________% of people aged 85+ live in long term care facilities

A

15%

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7
Q

T/F: many more community dwelling older men live alone than women

A

false; more community dwelling older women live alone

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8
Q

What percentage of Americans over 65 yrs of age living in nursing homes?

A

4%

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9
Q

What 3 things does successful aging include?

A

1) low risk of disease and deconditioning
2) high cognitive and physical functioning
3) active engagement with life

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9
Q

What is the u-shaped curve of happiness?

A

happiest at the beginning and end of life cycle

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9
Q

secondary aging vs primary aging?

A

primary aging: inevitable and affects all systems
secondary aging: changeable; occurs due to lifestyle, environment, and disease

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10
Q

Name 3 factors that contribute to healthy aging

A

physical activity, lifestyle, sense of purpose

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11
Q

________-_________% muscle loss per decade after 50

A

12-15%

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12
Q

atypical aging is due to ________________

A

underlying disease processes

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13
Q

T/F: typical aging includes gradual decline in functioning of body systems

A

true

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14
Q

What are the 5 neuro red flags?

A

1) LOC
2) Confusion
3) Seizures
4) Sudden bowel/bladder incontinence
5) Sudden gait abnormalities

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15
Q

_____________ is the number 1 cause of death in the US

A

heart disease

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16
Q

____________ is the largest organ in the body: ______% of body weight

A

skin; 15%

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17
Q

Pressure sores can develop in less than _______ hours

A

2 hours

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18
Q

Long term memory, procedural memory, retention of newly learned information, and visual recognition of objects ____________ (increase / decrease / remain stable) with aging

A

remain stable

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19
Q

Diagnostic criteria for dimentia states that ________ or more must be significantly impaired:
- memory
- communication and language
-ability to focus and pay attention
- reasoning and judgement
- visual perception

A

2 or more

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20
Q

What is the difference between dimentia and delirium?

A

delirium is a sudden change in mental function while dementia is gradual declination

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21
Q

What is the most common mental health condition in people age 65+?

A

Depression

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22
Q

What is the PHQ-2 screening tool used for?

A

Used to screen for depression

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23
Q

Which 2 chronic conditions are most common in people over 65 according to the chart on slide 33?

A

Arthritis and hypertension

24
Q

a BMI of less than ______ is considered to be underweight

A

18.5

25
Q

Cancer incidence has increased by ____% in older adults in the last 30 years

A

26%

26
Q

T/F: frailness is not predictive of falls

A

False; frailness is predictive of falls

27
Q

What does the Be FAST acronym stand for and what is is used for?

A

F- face
A- arms
S- speech
T- time

28
Q

______% of women 65+ have had a UTI within the last 12 months

A

10%

29
Q

____________ is the second leading cause of hospital acquired infection

A

pneumonia

30
Q

____________________: the capacity to function across many domains - physical, functional, cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual - to one’s satisfaction and in spite of one’s medical conditions

A

optimal aging

31
Q

What stage of Erik Erikson’s developmental stages are geriatrics?

A

older adult

32
Q

peak bone density occurs at the age of _______

A

30

33
Q

VO2max declines ______% per decade after the age of 20

A

10%

34
Q

What is cataracts?

A

clouding of the lens due to protein buildup

35
Q

Cataracts occurs in _______% of adults age 75

A

70%

36
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision)

37
Q

What is retinopathy?

A

damaged blood vessels in the eyes

38
Q

how does macular degeneration effect vision?

A

loss of clarity at center of vision field

39
Q

____________________ includes decision making, problem solving, planning, sequencing, and multitasking. This decreases due to aging.

A

executive cognitive function

40
Q

Mood changes, visuospatial changes, memory changes, and communication difficulties are all (typical / atypical) cognitive changes due to aging

A

atypical

41
Q

MCI affects _____% of people age 65-74, and ______% of people age 85+

A

19% of people aged 65-74; 38% of people age 85+

42
Q

T/F: mild cognitive impairment reduces the capabilities of a person compared to their respective age and education level and interferes with ADLs

A

false; DOES NOT interfere with ADL’s

43
Q

What is the most common type of Dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s

44
Q

_______________ is an umbrella term that describes a collection of symptoms that are caused by disorders affecting the brain. It is not one specific disease

A

Dementia

45
Q

What are two causes of delirium?

A

UTI or infection and dehydration

46
Q

the biggest contributing factor to ___________ in this population is loneliness, life events, and transitions

A

depression

47
Q

There are ____________ (Increased / decreased) rates of depression among lower socioeconomic status patients

A

increased

48
Q

between ________ to _____% of elders in communal living facilities are depressed

A

30-44%

49
Q

What are two signs and symptoms of cancer?

A

constant pain that occurs at night and weight loss

50
Q

T/F: Frailness can affect physical, cognitive, and psychological domains

A

true

51
Q

Decreased physiologic reserve across multiple organ systems leading to identifiable alterations in physical function is a key hallmark of……….

A

frailty

52
Q

Which degree of frailty does the following description match?: Slowing may need help with IADLs, making adaptations to functional mobility. Vulnerable and often makes a poor recovery from illness or injury

A

Mild frailty

53
Q

Which degree of frailty does the following description match?: dependent in ADLs, actively or inactively dying. Life expectancy 6 to 12 months

A

severe frailty

54
Q

_____________ are a leading cause of long term disability

A

Strokes

55
Q

What are the top 3 stroke risk factors?

A

age, high blood pressure, and diabetes

56
Q

What is the primary infection acquired in hospitals or long term care facilities?

A

UTI

57
Q

T/F: UTI’s can cause a change in mental and function status that often mimics dementia

A

true

58
Q

_________________ leads to roughly 50% of all diagnosis or sepsis and results in a 33% mortality rate

A

pneumonia

developmental (9 decks)

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