Geriatrics Flashcards
what is ageism?
discriminating against someone because of their age
T/F: Ageism is associated with earlier death (7.5 years), poorer physical and mental health, and poor health behaviors
True
In 2020, people over 65 and over comprised _____% of the population in the united states
20%
T/F: Life expectancy continues to decrease
false; life expectancy continues to rise
T/F: Women have a longer life expectancy than men
true
________% of people aged 85+ live in long term care facilities
15%
T/F: many more community dwelling older men live alone than women
false; more community dwelling older women live alone
What percentage of Americans over 65 yrs of age living in nursing homes?
4%
What 3 things does successful aging include?
1) low risk of disease and deconditioning
2) high cognitive and physical functioning
3) active engagement with life
What is the u-shaped curve of happiness?
happiest at the beginning and end of life cycle
secondary aging vs primary aging?
primary aging: inevitable and affects all systems
secondary aging: changeable; occurs due to lifestyle, environment, and disease
Name 3 factors that contribute to healthy aging
physical activity, lifestyle, sense of purpose
________-_________% muscle loss per decade after 50
12-15%
atypical aging is due to ________________
underlying disease processes
T/F: typical aging includes gradual decline in functioning of body systems
true
What are the 5 neuro red flags?
1) LOC
2) Confusion
3) Seizures
4) Sudden bowel/bladder incontinence
5) Sudden gait abnormalities
_____________ is the number 1 cause of death in the US
heart disease
____________ is the largest organ in the body: ______% of body weight
skin; 15%
Pressure sores can develop in less than _______ hours
2 hours
Long term memory, procedural memory, retention of newly learned information, and visual recognition of objects ____________ (increase / decrease / remain stable) with aging
remain stable
Diagnostic criteria for dimentia states that ________ or more must be significantly impaired:
- memory
- communication and language
-ability to focus and pay attention
- reasoning and judgement
- visual perception
2 or more
What is the difference between dimentia and delirium?
delirium is a sudden change in mental function while dementia is gradual declination
What is the most common mental health condition in people age 65+?
Depression
What is the PHQ-2 screening tool used for?
Used to screen for depression
Which 2 chronic conditions are most common in people over 65 according to the chart on slide 33?
Arthritis and hypertension
a BMI of less than ______ is considered to be underweight
18.5
Cancer incidence has increased by ____% in older adults in the last 30 years
26%
T/F: frailness is not predictive of falls
False; frailness is predictive of falls
What does the Be FAST acronym stand for and what is is used for?
F- face
A- arms
S- speech
T- time
______% of women 65+ have had a UTI within the last 12 months
10%
____________ is the second leading cause of hospital acquired infection
pneumonia
____________________: the capacity to function across many domains - physical, functional, cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual - to one’s satisfaction and in spite of one’s medical conditions
optimal aging
What stage of Erik Erikson’s developmental stages are geriatrics?
older adult
peak bone density occurs at the age of _______
30
VO2max declines ______% per decade after the age of 20
10%
What is cataracts?
clouding of the lens due to protein buildup
Cataracts occurs in _______% of adults age 75
70%
What is glaucoma?
loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision)
What is retinopathy?
damaged blood vessels in the eyes
how does macular degeneration effect vision?
loss of clarity at center of vision field
____________________ includes decision making, problem solving, planning, sequencing, and multitasking. This decreases due to aging.
executive cognitive function
Mood changes, visuospatial changes, memory changes, and communication difficulties are all (typical / atypical) cognitive changes due to aging
atypical
MCI affects _____% of people age 65-74, and ______% of people age 85+
19% of people aged 65-74; 38% of people age 85+
T/F: mild cognitive impairment reduces the capabilities of a person compared to their respective age and education level and interferes with ADLs
false; DOES NOT interfere with ADL’s
What is the most common type of Dementia?
Alzheimer’s
_______________ is an umbrella term that describes a collection of symptoms that are caused by disorders affecting the brain. It is not one specific disease
Dementia
What are two causes of delirium?
UTI or infection and dehydration
the biggest contributing factor to ___________ in this population is loneliness, life events, and transitions
depression
There are ____________ (Increased / decreased) rates of depression among lower socioeconomic status patients
increased
between ________ to _____% of elders in communal living facilities are depressed
30-44%
What are two signs and symptoms of cancer?
constant pain that occurs at night and weight loss
T/F: Frailness can affect physical, cognitive, and psychological domains
true
Decreased physiologic reserve across multiple organ systems leading to identifiable alterations in physical function is a key hallmark of……….
frailty
Which degree of frailty does the following description match?: Slowing may need help with IADLs, making adaptations to functional mobility. Vulnerable and often makes a poor recovery from illness or injury
Mild frailty
Which degree of frailty does the following description match?: dependent in ADLs, actively or inactively dying. Life expectancy 6 to 12 months
severe frailty
_____________ are a leading cause of long term disability
Strokes
What are the top 3 stroke risk factors?
age, high blood pressure, and diabetes
What is the primary infection acquired in hospitals or long term care facilities?
UTI
T/F: UTI’s can cause a change in mental and function status that often mimics dementia
true
_________________ leads to roughly 50% of all diagnosis or sepsis and results in a 33% mortality rate
pneumonia
