Pelvic and Perineal Osteology, Arthrology, Myology Flashcards
Where do you actually enter the pelvis?
at the pelvic brim
when do you finally have perineum?
when you are below the pelvic diaphragm
what does a pelvis look like in males?
they have a deeper greater pelvis, a narrower and deeper lesser pelvis, an android pelvic inlet, small pelvic outlet, narrow pubic arch, round obturator foramen, and large acetabulum
what does a female pelvis look like?
they have a shallow greater pelvis, a wide and shallow lesser pelvis, gynecoid pelvic inlet, large pelvic outlet, wide pubic arch, oval-shaped obturator foramen, and small acetabulum
what is another name for the pelvic inlet?
the superior pelvic aperture
what is another name for the pelvic outlet?
the inferior pelvic aperture
what happens when there is a pelvic fracture?
it is usually from an MVA; when this happens- usually both the superior and inferior pubic rami on both side will fracture as a result of the impact
what is the fibrocartilaginous disc between the right and left pubic symphyseal surfaces?
the interpubic disc
what do the sacrotuberous and the sacrospinous ligaments form?
they form the borders of the greater and lesser sciatic foramen
there are 2 different varieties of pelvic fascia. What are they?
either membranous pelvic fascia or endopelvic fascia
what two things make up the membranous pelvic fascia?
the visceral membranous pelvic fascia and the parietal membranous pelvic fascia
what two things make up the endopelvic fascia?
the loose endopelvic fascia and the condensed endopelvic fascia
what are the important measurements obstetrically to determine the capacity of a female to bear a child?
pelvic diameters (conjugates)
what does the peritoneum cover in the male pelvis?
the superior and lateral aspects of the urinary bladder and rectum
what does the peritoneum cover in the female pelvis?
the superior and lateral aspects of the urinary bladder, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and rectum
what is the peritoneum that is covering the uterus?
the broad ligament of the uterus
what are the three parts of the broad ligament?
the mesometrium, the mesovarium, and the mesosalpinx
what is the mesometrium?
the part of the broad ligament that is right up against the uterus
what is the mesovarium?
the part of the broad ligament that is right up against the ovary
what is the mesosalpinx?
the part of the broad ligament that is right up against the uterine tube
what makes up the parietal pelvic fascia?
the obturator fascia and the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia
what is the obturator fascia lying on?
the obturator internus muscle
what is the loose endopelvic fascia?
fat-filled potential space
what forms the walls of the pudendal canal?
the obturator fascia
what makes up the tendinous arch of the pelvic fasica in males?
the puboprostatic ligament and the rectoprostatic ligament
what makes up the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia in females?
the pubovesicle ligament and the uterosacral ligament
what are the 4 spaces that make up the loose endopelvic fascia?
the retropubic space, the paravesical space, the pelvirectal space, and the retrorectal space
what is the role of the condensed endopelvic fascia?
it is responsible for compartmentalizing the loose endopelvic fascia
what makes up the condensed endopelvic fascia?
the hypogastric sheath
what makes up the hypogastric sheath in males?
lateral rectal ligament, the rectovesical septum, and the lateral ligament of the bladder
what makes up the hypogastric sheath in females?
the lateral rectal ligament, the transverse cervical ligament, and the lateral ligament of the bladder
what are the four points of the quadrangular space of the perineum?
pubic symphysis, coccyx, and the two ischial tuberosities
if a line is drawn between the two ischial tuberosities, how is the quadrangular space divided?
into two triangular spaces, the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle
what is found within the anal triangle?
the ischioanal fossa and the pudendal canal
what are the contents of the pudendal canal?
the internal pudendal artery, vein, and pudendal nerve
what is the role of the perineal membrane?
it separates the superficial perineal fascia from the deep perineal fascia
what is the perineal body?
an irregular fibromuscular mass in the midline- it is the attachment point for the bulbospongiosus muscle, the external anal sphincter muscle, the superficial transverse perineal muscle, and the deep transverse perineal muscle
what are the superficial perineal muscles?
the superficial transverse perineal muscle, the ischiocavernosus muscle, and the bulbospongiosus muscle
what is the innervation of the superficial perineal muscles?
deep perineal nerve
what makes up the urogenital diaphragm?
the external urethral sphincter and the deep transverse perineal muscle
what type of muscle is the deep transverse perineal muscle in the female?
smooth muscle
what type of muscle is the deep transverse perineal muscle in the male?
skeletal muscle
what is the innervation of the external anal sphincter muscle?
inferior rectal nerve
what is the internal anal sphincter muscle innervated by?
parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves
what is the pelvis diaphragm made up of?
4 muscles: the three levator ani muscles and the coccygeus muscle
what are the levator ani muscles?
puborectalis m, pubococcygeus m, and iliococcygeus m
what are the levator ani muscles innervated by?
the nerve to the levator ani muscle (S4), inferior rectal nerve, and branches of the coccygeal plexus
what is the coccygeus muscle innervated by?
nerve to the coccygeus (S4-S5; branches of the coccygeal plexus)
what are the lateral pelvic wall muscles?
the obturator internus m and the piriformis m
what is the innervation of the obturator internus muscle?
the nerve to the obturator internus m
what is the innervation of the piriformis muscle?
nerve to the piriformis muscle
