Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU Final > Histology of the male reproductive system > Flashcards

Histology of the male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the testes?

A

sperm and androgen production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the role of the epididymis, ductus defers, ejaculatory duct, and the urethra?

A

sperm transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the role of the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands?

A

semen production and sperm nutrient source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the role of the penis?

A

copulatory organ with erectile tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the name of the dense connective tissue capsule surrounding the testes?

A

the tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the network of fibrous connective tissue that is located on the posterior side of the testes that extends from the top to the bottom of each teste?

A

the mediastinum testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is house within each lobule that the septa creates?

A

the seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where exactly does sperm production take place in the testes?

A

the seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis derived from?

A

the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how can the tunica vaginalis be divided?

A

into an outer parietal layer that is lining the scrotum and an inner visceral layer that is covering the tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the retentions testis?

A

a series of tubes that relay sperm out of the efferent ductules to reach the epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the seminiferous tubules lined with?

A

seminiferous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 2 cell types found within the seminiferous tubules?

A

the Sertoli cells and the spermatogenic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the seminiferous tubules surrounded by and what is the function?

A

they are surrounded by connective tissue and 3-5 layers of flattened peritubular myoid cells; they create peristaltic contractions that help move the spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what cells are found in between the seminiferous tubules?

A

the interstitial cells of leydig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how can the interstitial cells of leydig be described?

A

they are steroid-producing cells (testosterone) containing lipid droplets, mitochondria, and a well-developed sER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the interstitial cells of leydig accompanied by?

A

myoid cells and fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what kind of epithelium makes up the seminiferous epithelium?

A

stratified epithelium with unusual characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what kind of cells are sertoli cells?

A

columnar cells with extensive processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the hallmark of sertoli cells?

A

the cyclops nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the most immature form of spermatogenic cells?

A

the spermatogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where are spermatogonia cells found?

A

they rest on the basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the most mature form of spermatogenic cell?

A

spermatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where are the spermatids found?

A

they are attached to the apical portion of the sertoli cells near the tubule lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what cell population forms the blood-testis-barrier?

A

sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how is the blood-testis-barrier established?

A

the sertoli cells are bound by tight junctions to form the sertoli-cell-to-certoli-cell junctional complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does the blood-testis-barrier prevent?

A

the attack of the haploid sperm- it significantly decreases permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is found below the blood-testis-barrier?

A

the basal compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the basal compartment?

A

an open space below the junctional barrier that is adjacent to the basement membrane but also adjacent to the circulation to the testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is found above the blood-testis-barrier?

A

the luminal compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the luminal compartment?

A

the compartment that is exposed to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

once cells pass from the basal compartment to the luminal compartment, what are they protected from?

A

any immunological response that could occur in the circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what happens when type a spermatogonia undergo mitosis?

A

it will generate a copy of itself or a type B spermatogonia

34
Q

what happens to type B spermatogonia?

A

it will enter into meiosis and change–> it will divide to form a primary spermatocyte

35
Q

where do the spermatocytes undergo two meiotic divisions?

A

inside the blood-testes barrier (beyond the point of being exposed to the circulating blood)

36
Q

what happens when the primary spermatocyte divides?

A

it will form a secondary spermatocyte

37
Q

what happens when the secondary spermatocyte divides?

A

it forms the spermatids

38
Q

what are the haploid germ cells that are located in the seminiferous compartments (specifically the luminal compartment)?

A

secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm

39
Q

what cells are restricted to the basal compartment?

A

spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

40
Q

what cell types pass through the junctional complex and move from the basal to the luminal compartment by breaking up the junctions?

A

the primary spermatocytes

41
Q

what cell types are restricted to the luminal compartment?

A

mature spermatocytes and spermatids

42
Q

what cells undergo spermatogenesis and differentiate into mature sperm cells?

A

spermatids

43
Q

where are the round (early) spermatids housed?

A

in niches of sertoli cells

44
Q

where are the elongated (late) spermatids housed?

A

in the apical crypts of the sertoli cells

45
Q

what is spermiation?

A

the release of mature spermatids into the lumen

46
Q

what piece of the sperm tail contains the mitochondria?

A

the middle piece

47
Q

what is the longest piece of the sperm tail called?

A

the principal piece

48
Q

what is the sperm transport pathway starting with the straight tubules?

A

straight tubules–> rete testis–>efferent ductules–>epididymis–> ductus deferens–> ejaculatory duct

49
Q

where do sperm mature?

A

in the epididymis

50
Q

what is the tissue type of the epididymis?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelia with long sterocilia

51
Q

what 2 cell types make up the epididymis?

A

the principal cells and the stem cells

52
Q

what does sperm maturation consists in acquiring?

A

forward motility

53
Q

what part of the epididymis are mature sperm stored in?

A

the tail

54
Q

what is the ductus deferens lined with?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelia with sparse stereocilia

55
Q

what is the ductus deferens supported by?

A

a CT lamina propria with elastic fibers

56
Q

what is the musculature of the ductus deferens like?

A

inner and outer longitudinal layers and a middle circular layer

57
Q

what is the ampulla of the ductus deferens?

A

it is the dilated portion that leads directly into the prostate gland

58
Q

what does the distal end of the ductus deferens receive?

A

the ducts of the seminal vesicles, which forms the ejaculatory ducts

59
Q

what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

A

seminal vesicles (2), prostate gland (1), bulbourethral glands (2), and the urethral glands

60
Q

which accessory glands produce the majority of the seminal fluid?

A

the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland

61
Q

what is the function of the accessory glands regulated by?

A

androgens (testosterone and DHT)

62
Q

what is the composition of fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles?

A

it is an alkaline secretion that is rich in fructose and prostaglandins

63
Q

what do the seminal vesicles look like histologically?

A

highly folded mucosa lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium; no sterocilia

64
Q

what are the different zones of the prostate gland?

A

the central zone, the peripheral zone, the transitional zone, and the periurethral zone

65
Q

what does the central zone of the prostate gland surround?

A

the ejaculatory ducts as they pierce the prostate gland

66
Q

what does the peripheral zone of the prostate gland surround?

A

the central zone and the posteriolateral parts of the gland; it is palpable during a digital rectal exam

67
Q

where do most prostatic carcinomas arise?

A

in the peripheral zone

68
Q

what does the transitional zone of the prostate gland surround?

A

the prostatic urethra (contains mucosal glands

69
Q

what can occur in the transitional zone of the prostate gland?

A

the parenchymal cells undergo hyperplasia and form nodular masses of epithelial cells- this can cause benign prostatic hyperplasia

70
Q

what does the periurethral zone contain?

A

mucosal and submucosal glands

71
Q

in later stages of BPH, which prostate zone can undergo pathologic growth?

A

the periurethral zone

72
Q

what do all the glands empty into?

A

the prostatic urethra

73
Q

what is the prostatic urethra?

A

the end site of the prostatic ducts and ejaculatory ducts

74
Q

what is the prostate gland lined with?

A

simple columnar or pseudostratified epithelium

75
Q

what does the lumen of the prostate gland contain?

A

corpora amylacea

76
Q

what does the prostate gland produce and for what reason?

A

a Zn-rich alkaline fluid, it neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina

77
Q

what are the pea-sized structures that are located in the urogenital diaphragm and resemble mucous glands?

A

bulbourethral glands

78
Q

what are the bulbourethral glands lined with?

A

simple columnar epithelium that is under the control of testosterone

79
Q

what do the bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

preseminal fluid–> lubricates the penile urethra and neutralizes traces of acidic urine

80
Q

what are the corpora cavernosa of the penis each surrounded by?

A

a dense fibroelastic layer- the tunica albuginea

81
Q

what does erection involve?

A

blood filling the cavernous spaces of the erectile tissues (controlled by the ANS in the vascular walls)

GIGU Final (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions