Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU Final > female reproductive histology > Flashcards

female reproductive histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two coexisting events during the menstrual cycle?

A

the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the ovary lined by?

A

ovarian surface epithelium (OSE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is ovarian surface epithelium?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium; the embryonic source of granulosa cells and stromal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the overlying layer of dense connective tissue capsule of the ovary?

A

the tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is the ovary structured?

A

with a peripheral cortex and a deep medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is located in the cortex of the ovary?

A

connective tissue and ovarian follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is located in the medulla of the ovary?

A

connective tissue and interstitial cells, neurovasculature, and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do the ovarian follicles contain?

A

a single oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when do the early stages of oogenesis occur?

A

during fetal life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the oocytes that are present at birth doing?

A

they are remaining arrested in meiosis I (prophase I)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what occurs during folliculogenesis?

A

select follicles undergo cyclic growth and maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are primordial follicles surrounded by?

A

simple squamous layer of follicular/ pregranulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the primary follicles surrounded by?

A

a simple cuboidal layer of granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what separates the granulosa cells from the ovarian stroma?

A

the basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when does the zona pelucida begin to assemble and what does it separate?

A

it begins to assemble at the primary follicle stage and it separates the primary oocyte from the granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what surrounded late primary follicles?

A

stratified granulosa cells (3-4 cells in thickness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what begins to appear in the secondary follicles?

A

the granulosa cells begin to secrete a follicular fluid, forming call-exner bodies, which eventually enlarge and combine forming the antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

during the secondary follicle stage, what do the stromal cells form?

A

separate thecal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two thecal layers that the stromal cells form?

A

theca interna and theca externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what epithelium makes up the theca?

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the theca interna?

A

a vascularized cell layer adjacent to the basal lamina supporting the granulosa- main role is to produce androstenedione (which can be converted into estrogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the theca externa?

A

a fibrous cellular layer continuous with the ovarian stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do the mural granulosa cells actively synthesize and secrete?

A

estrogen and they produce the follicular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the mechanism of follicular atresia?

A

apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the hallmark of an atretic follicle?

A

it will have a glassy membrane: thick folded basement membrane material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does the LH surge cause?

A

the primary oocyte to complete meiosis I, making it a secondary oocyte (now arrested at metaphase II)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what cells are responsible for repairing the OSA damage following follicle rupture?

A

mural granulosa cells and the theca interna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

during the luteal phase, what happens to the thecal cells?

A

they will differentiate to form the corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

during the luteal phase, what do the mural granulosa cells become?

A

granulosa lutein cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

during the luteal phase, what do the theca interna cells become?

A

theca lutein cells

31
Q

what do granulosa lutein cells secrete?

A

progesterone and estrogen with FSH and LH stimulation

32
Q

what do the theca lutein cells produce?

A

androstenedione and progesterone with LH stimulation

33
Q

if fertilization does occur what happens to the corpus luteum, and what is controlling this?

A

the corpus luteum will continue to produce progesterone and estrogen; it is under stimulatory action of hCG from the trophoblastic layer until the placenta takes over

34
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

A

the CL begins involution around 14 days after ovulation

35
Q

what is luteolysis?

A

the regression of the CL

36
Q

what does luteolysis lead to?

A

the formation of the corpus albicans (a scar of connective tissue- type I collagen with a few fibroblasts)

37
Q

does the corpus luteum undergo apoptosis like follicular atresia?

A

no

38
Q

what is the composition of the mucosal layer of the uterine tubes?

A

simple columnar epithelia with lamina propria of loose CT

39
Q

what else is found within the mucosal layer of the uterine tubes?

A

ciliated cells with secretory peg cells

40
Q

what are the secretory peg cells sensitive to?

A

estrogen signaling

41
Q

what is the makeup of the muscular layer of the uterine tubes?

A

inner-circular-spiral layer and an outer longitudinal layer

42
Q

what is the action of the smooth muscular layer of the uterine tubes?

A

peristaltic contractions and ciliary activity- propels the oocyte/zygote towards the uterus

43
Q

what is found within the serosal layer of the uterine tubes?

A

large blood vessels

44
Q

where are the mucosal folds greater in the uterine tubes?

A

in areas such as the ampulla- not so much in the isthmus of the uterine tubes

45
Q

what are the layers of the uterus?

A

perimetrium, myometrium, and the endometrium

46
Q

what is the epithelium of the endometrium of the uterus?

A

simple columnar with simple tubular glands

47
Q

what are the two layers of the endometrium of the uterus?

A

the functional layer and the basal layer

48
Q

what is the blood supply of the functional layer?

A

spiral arteries

49
Q

what is the blood supply of the basal layer of the endometrium?

A

straight arteries

50
Q

what happens to the endometrium vasculature before menstruation?

A

there is contraction of the artery occurring right at the straight-coiled junction; this reduces blood flow and there is destruction of the functional layer

51
Q

what are the phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

the menstrual phase, the proliferative phase, and the secretory phase

52
Q

what hormone is the proliferative phase dependent on?

A

estrogen

53
Q

how do the glands look in the secretory phase?

A

saw-toothed- appears serrated

54
Q

what hormone is the secretory phase dependent on?

A

estrogen and progesterone

55
Q

how do the glands look in the proliferative phase?

A

they are relatively straight, narrow, and empty

56
Q

if pregnancy takes place, what happens to the functional layer of the endometrium?

A

it undergoes changes- it will be maximal thickness, it will have a massive amount of glands, and a massive amount of blood supply

57
Q

what does the cervix communicate with and how?

A

the uterine cavity and the vagina through the endocervix canal

58
Q

what is the makeup of the endocervix canal/ what lines the endocervix?

A

simple columnar mucosa with cervical crypts (branched mucus-secreting tubular glands)

59
Q

what happens if a cervical crypt becomes occluded and dilated?

A

it forms nabothian cysts

60
Q

what is the ectocervix and what lines it?

A

it is the external segment of the cervix and it is lined with (nonkeratinized) stratified squamous epithelium

61
Q

what is the transformation zone of the cervix?

A

it is the abrupt epithelial transition between the endocervix to the ectocervix

62
Q

what makes up the mucosal layer of the vagina?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

63
Q

does the vagina have glands?

A

NO

64
Q

what makes up the muscularis layer of the vagina?

A

circular and longitudinal smooth muscle

65
Q

what is the hallmark of the vagina?

A

the vaginal wall will lack glands

66
Q

what causes the relatively low pH within the vagina?

A

when the cells desquamate, the bacteria metabolize glycogen to lactic acid

67
Q

why is the low pH important in the vagina?

A

it protects against pathogenic microorganisms

68
Q

what makes up the mons pubis?

A

skin- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, with hair follicles covering subcutaneous fat overlying the symphysis pubis

69
Q

what glands are present in the labia majora?

A

apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands

70
Q

where is the erectile tissue of the female found?

A

in the clitoris, the crura, and the vestibular bulbs

71
Q

the clitoral body consists of two erectile bodies. What are they?

A

the corpora cavernosa

72
Q

what do two additional layers of CT anchor the clitoris to?

A

the subcutaneous vulvar tissue and the superficial perineal fascia

73
Q

what area of the clitoris contains numerous sensory nerve endings?

A

the prepuce of the clitoris

GIGU Final (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions