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UWorld Step 2 > Peds - Rd 2 > Flashcards

Peds - Rd 2 Flashcards

1
Q

DDH what imaging should you do if < 4 months old?

> 4 months?

A

US

Xray

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2
Q

What presents in a child w/lytic bone lesion, eczematous rash, nocturia and hypernatremia?

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Presents w/central Diabetes Insipidus

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3
Q

Newborn boy w/prenatal US showing bladder distention, b/L hydroureters, b/L Hydronephrosis and oligohydramnios, what is Dx?

A

Posterior urethral valves

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4
Q

What is an AD disorder that shows muscle weakness, atrophy (MC in distal muscles of UE and LE), myotonia, testicular atrophy, BALDNESS?

A

Myotonic congenital myopathy

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5
Q

What disease involves degeneration of AH cells and CN motor nuclei? Causes floppy baby?

Inheritance?

A

Werdnig-Hoffman syndrome

AR

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6
Q

What presents in infant that is normal at birth but then shows apathy, weakness, hypotonia, large tongue, sluggish movement, ABD bloating, umbilical hernia?

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

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7
Q

Cyanotic infant w/EKG showing LAD, small R waves in precordial leads and CXR w/decreased pulmonary vascular markings and normal sized heart has what?

A

TV atresia

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8
Q

What is strongly associated w/Down syndrome and CXR shows inc pulmonary markings and cardiomegaly?

A

Complete AV canal defect

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9
Q

Treatment for hereditary spherocytosis?

A

Folic acid
Blood transfusion
Splenectomy

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10
Q

What is a self-limited, focal weakness that occurs after a focal or generalized seizure?

A

Todd paralysis

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11
Q

What presents w/hyperpigmentation on the trunk, neck, cafe-au-last spots, short stature, hypogonadism w/anemia that manifests bw ages 4-12?

A

Fanconi anemia

Pancyotpenia

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12
Q

What presents w/in the first 3 months of life w/pallor and poor feeding and CBC shows normocytic or macrocytic anemia w/reticulocytopenia?

A

Diamond-Blackfinn anemia

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13
Q

Pt w/measles may have what vitamin deficiency?

Disease spread how?

A

Vitamin A

Airborne droplets

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14
Q

Hyper-IgM syndrome is d/t defect in what?

A

CD40L

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15
Q

Kawasaki disease requires fever > 5 days + 4 of 5 of what?

A 
Conjuctivitis (b/L)
Strawberry tongue
Cervical LAD
Rash
Erythema or Edema of hands/feet
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16
Q

CENTOR Criteria is used for whom?

Why?

A

Adults, can get empiric Abx if they meet criteria

Not reliable for pre-adolescents
Get a rapid strep for these kids 1st

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17
Q

Well-appearing neonate has painless bloody stools and regurgitates lots of breast milk w/every feed, what is the cause?

A

Milk or soy protein induced enterocolitis

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18
Q

Polyhydramnios causes what?

A

Duodenal atresia

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19
Q

Cyclic vomiting syndrome pts often have what in FHx?

A

FHx of migraines

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20
Q

What is a harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur over the left upper sternal border?

A

Stenotic PA

Seen w/ToF

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21
Q

What seals the diagnosis of Iron poisoning in a kid?

A

Radio-opacities in the stomach and duodenum on CXR

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22
Q

Pt that has triphalangeal thumbs and macrocytic anemia within 1st year of life has what?

A

Diamond black Finn anemia

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23
Q

Pt w/serum capillary blood showing lead level > 5, what is next step?

Treatment?

A

Measure venous lead level

Chelation for lead > 45, treat w/Dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer)
Dimercaprol and EDTA used for lead levels > 70

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24
Q

What causes ASD?

A

Endocardial cushion defect

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25
Q

Newborn w/FTT, b/L cataracts, jaundice and hypoglycemia has what?

What Path?

A

Classic galactosemia

G1PUT def

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26
Q

What is a congenital dermal melanocytosis?

A

Mongolian spot

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27
Q

What is Nevus flammeus?

A

Port wine stain

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28
Q

What is the #1 RF for RDS?

What else?

A

Prematurity

Maternal Diabetes, c-section, perinatal asphyxia

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29
Q

Corrected retic count = ?

A

% reticulocytes x (Hct / 45%)

30
Q

What is the MC finding in Henoch-Schonlein purpura?

A

Hematuria

31
Q

What is the MC complications of Henoch SP?

A

Intussusception d/t intestinal edema and bleeding

32
Q

What is premature adrenarche?

Will see what?

A

Early activation of adrenal androgens

Will see pubic hair and obesity

33
Q

What presents w/peripheral precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, and fibrous dysplasia

A

McCune-Albright Syndrome

34
Q

What is the 1st step in w/u of primary amenorrhea?

A

Pelvic US —> look for a uterus

35
Q

FSH:LH ratio of 2:1 with primary amenorrhea indicates what?

A

Turner syndrome

36
Q

Reye Syndrome has what liver changes?

What lab values

A

Microvesicular fatty infiltration

Inc AST/ALT, Ammonia level

37
Q

What lab values are seen in juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

A 
Anemia
Thrombocytosis
HyperGammaglobulins
Hyperferritin
Inc ESR/CRP
38
Q

What causes transient tachypnea of the newborn?

A

Delayed resorption and clearance of alveolar fluid

39
Q

Membranous nephropathy, although less common in children, is associated with what?

A

HepB infection

40
Q

What is seen in HUS?

A

Anemia: schistocytes and inc bili
Thrombocytopenia
AKI - inc BUN/Cr

41
Q

15 day old presents w/bilious emesis, Xray shows gasless ABD, what is next best step? What is Dx?

A

upper GI series, volvulus

Contrast enema would be for hirschsprung or meconium ileus and would present w/in 1st 2 days of life w/dilated loops of bowel

42
Q

What is the MC predisposing factor for orbital cellulitis?

A

Bacterial sinusitis

43
Q

What is the major SE of Hydroxyurea?

A

Myelosuppression

44
Q

What causes jejunal atresia?

Presents how?

ABD xray shows what?

A

Cocaine use

Bilious vomiting and ABD distention

Triple bubble

45
Q

How does pityriasis rosea present?

A

Solitary herald patch after viral prodrome, then Xmas tree pattern

46
Q

What are some catalase + organisms?

A

S aureus, Serratia, Burkholderia, Aspergillus

47
Q

What disease is partial albinism, recurrent cutaneous infections and is AR?

A

Chediak-Higashi

48
Q

Pt w/small red bumps on arm that are painful as they fill with yellow fluid and some lesions filled w/thick golden-yellow crust what is it?

Treat how?

A

Non-bulbous impetigo

Topical Abx: mupirocin
If widespread use cephalexin, clinda, dicloxacillin

49
Q

Intellectual disability, seizures, visual impairment d/t capillary-venous malformations and CN 5 involvement is what?

A

Sturge-Weber

50
Q

Mother that gives her baby topical/local anesthetics for teething and baby turns blue, what is going on?

Treat how?

A

Methemoglobinemia

methylene blue

51
Q

What are the main CF of autism spectrum disorder?

A

Impaired social interaction
Restricted interests
Insistence on routine

52
Q

Pt w/gross hematuria and UA that shows Many rbc’s/hpf w/out dysmorphic rbcs or proteinuria points to what diagnosis?

A

Renal papillary necrosis —> AA w/SS trait

53
Q

How do you treat Chlamydial conjuctivitis in a 5-14 day old baby?

A

PO macrolide (erythromycin)

54
Q

What is Von Gierke disease (type 1)?

A

G6PD def, cannot do: glycogen —> glucose

55
Q

What causes serum sickness after 1-2 weeks post exposure?

A

B-lactams and sulfa drugs

56
Q

Pt that has meconium ileus, how do you treat?

A

Contrast enema

57
Q

What are the effects of diabetes on a baby in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?

After delivery, MC complication?

A

Organometallic, macrosomia, polycythemia

Hypoglycemia

58
Q

What kind of rash starts on the face and spreads down in a cephalocaudal and centrifugal pattern?

A

Robeola - measles

59
Q

Male pt has coarse, thick pubic hair, cystic acne, accelerated growth and bone age with low/normal LH levels has what?

A

Nonclassical CAH

60
Q

How do you manage pts w/CVID?

What are the symptoms?

A

IVIG

Infections from encapsulated bacteria, Giardia, enterovirus, FTT

61
Q

How can you tell if a child has ALL based on PBS?

A

PAS+ material
TdT positive

Can have 20% blasts on PBS just like AML

62
Q

What are single, round, blue inclusions on Wright stain?

When are they present?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

When the spleen has been removed

63
Q

CD3 is found on what?

A

T cell

64
Q

What presents w/fever and parotitis in an unvaccinated child?

MC complications?

A

Mumps

Aseptic meningitis and orchitis

65
Q

Cat bites cause deep puncture wounds, what should be 1st line for antibiotic prophylaxis?

Against what organism?

A

Augmentin

Pasteurella

66
Q

Male pt w/recurrent sinopulmonoary and GI infections w/absence of lymphoid tissues manifesting as small/absent tonsils has what?

A

X-linked agammaglobulinemia aka abnormal B lymphocyte maturation

67
Q

What is a Mongolian spot called in dr terms?

A

Congenital dermal melanocytosis

68
Q

Child with granulation tissue and skin debris in the ear w/new onset hearing loss has what?

A

Cholesteatoma

69
Q

3 week old baby that was born prematurely that had enteral feeding, is now having bilious vomiting and lethargy, what is going on?

A

NEC

70
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism is d/t what?

A

Thyroid dysgenesis

71
Q

What complication can Mono cause?

A

Acute airway obstruction

72
Q

Coin stuck in the esophagus, what is Treatment?

A

Flexible endoscopy

UWorld Step 2 (17 decks)

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