Peds - Rd 2 Flashcards
DDH what imaging should you do if < 4 months old?
> 4 months?
US
Xray
What presents in a child w/lytic bone lesion, eczematous rash, nocturia and hypernatremia?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Presents w/central Diabetes Insipidus
Newborn boy w/prenatal US showing bladder distention, b/L hydroureters, b/L Hydronephrosis and oligohydramnios, what is Dx?
Posterior urethral valves
What is an AD disorder that shows muscle weakness, atrophy (MC in distal muscles of UE and LE), myotonia, testicular atrophy, BALDNESS?
Myotonic congenital myopathy
What disease involves degeneration of AH cells and CN motor nuclei? Causes floppy baby?
Inheritance?
Werdnig-Hoffman syndrome
AR
What presents in infant that is normal at birth but then shows apathy, weakness, hypotonia, large tongue, sluggish movement, ABD bloating, umbilical hernia?
Congenital hypothyroidism
Cyanotic infant w/EKG showing LAD, small R waves in precordial leads and CXR w/decreased pulmonary vascular markings and normal sized heart has what?
TV atresia
What is strongly associated w/Down syndrome and CXR shows inc pulmonary markings and cardiomegaly?
Complete AV canal defect
Treatment for hereditary spherocytosis?
Folic acid
Blood transfusion
Splenectomy
What is a self-limited, focal weakness that occurs after a focal or generalized seizure?
Todd paralysis
What presents w/hyperpigmentation on the trunk, neck, cafe-au-last spots, short stature, hypogonadism w/anemia that manifests bw ages 4-12?
Fanconi anemia
Pancyotpenia
What presents w/in the first 3 months of life w/pallor and poor feeding and CBC shows normocytic or macrocytic anemia w/reticulocytopenia?
Diamond-Blackfinn anemia
Pt w/measles may have what vitamin deficiency?
Disease spread how?
Vitamin A
Airborne droplets
Hyper-IgM syndrome is d/t defect in what?
CD40L
Kawasaki disease requires fever > 5 days + 4 of 5 of what?
Conjuctivitis (b/L) Strawberry tongue Cervical LAD Rash Erythema or Edema of hands/feet
CENTOR Criteria is used for whom?
Why?
Adults, can get empiric Abx if they meet criteria
Not reliable for pre-adolescents
Get a rapid strep for these kids 1st
Well-appearing neonate has painless bloody stools and regurgitates lots of breast milk w/every feed, what is the cause?
Milk or soy protein induced enterocolitis
Polyhydramnios causes what?
Duodenal atresia
Cyclic vomiting syndrome pts often have what in FHx?
FHx of migraines
What is a harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur over the left upper sternal border?
Stenotic PA
Seen w/ToF
What seals the diagnosis of Iron poisoning in a kid?
Radio-opacities in the stomach and duodenum on CXR
Pt that has triphalangeal thumbs and macrocytic anemia within 1st year of life has what?
Diamond black Finn anemia
Pt w/serum capillary blood showing lead level > 5, what is next step?
Treatment?
Measure venous lead level
Chelation for lead > 45, treat w/Dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer)
Dimercaprol and EDTA used for lead levels > 70
What causes ASD?
Endocardial cushion defect
Newborn w/FTT, b/L cataracts, jaundice and hypoglycemia has what?
What Path?
Classic galactosemia
G1PUT def
What is a congenital dermal melanocytosis?
Mongolian spot
What is Nevus flammeus?
Port wine stain
What is the #1 RF for RDS?
What else?
Prematurity
Maternal Diabetes, c-section, perinatal asphyxia
Corrected retic count = ?
% reticulocytes x (Hct / 45%)
What is the MC finding in Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
Hematuria
What is the MC complications of Henoch SP?
Intussusception d/t intestinal edema and bleeding
What is premature adrenarche?
Will see what?
Early activation of adrenal androgens
Will see pubic hair and obesity
What presents w/peripheral precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, and fibrous dysplasia
McCune-Albright Syndrome
What is the 1st step in w/u of primary amenorrhea?
Pelvic US —> look for a uterus
FSH:LH ratio of 2:1 with primary amenorrhea indicates what?
Turner syndrome
Reye Syndrome has what liver changes?
What lab values
Microvesicular fatty infiltration
Inc AST/ALT, Ammonia level
What lab values are seen in juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Anemia Thrombocytosis HyperGammaglobulins Hyperferritin Inc ESR/CRP
What causes transient tachypnea of the newborn?
Delayed resorption and clearance of alveolar fluid
Membranous nephropathy, although less common in children, is associated with what?
HepB infection
What is seen in HUS?
Anemia: schistocytes and inc bili
Thrombocytopenia
AKI - inc BUN/Cr
15 day old presents w/bilious emesis, Xray shows gasless ABD, what is next best step? What is Dx?
upper GI series, volvulus
Contrast enema would be for hirschsprung or meconium ileus and would present w/in 1st 2 days of life w/dilated loops of bowel
What is the MC predisposing factor for orbital cellulitis?
Bacterial sinusitis
What is the major SE of Hydroxyurea?
Myelosuppression
What causes jejunal atresia?
Presents how?
ABD xray shows what?
Cocaine use
Bilious vomiting and ABD distention
Triple bubble
How does pityriasis rosea present?
Solitary herald patch after viral prodrome, then Xmas tree pattern
What are some catalase + organisms?
S aureus, Serratia, Burkholderia, Aspergillus
What disease is partial albinism, recurrent cutaneous infections and is AR?
Chediak-Higashi
Pt w/small red bumps on arm that are painful as they fill with yellow fluid and some lesions filled w/thick golden-yellow crust what is it?
Treat how?
Non-bulbous impetigo
Topical Abx: mupirocin
If widespread use cephalexin, clinda, dicloxacillin
Intellectual disability, seizures, visual impairment d/t capillary-venous malformations and CN 5 involvement is what?
Sturge-Weber
Mother that gives her baby topical/local anesthetics for teething and baby turns blue, what is going on?
Treat how?
Methemoglobinemia
methylene blue
What are the main CF of autism spectrum disorder?
Impaired social interaction
Restricted interests
Insistence on routine
Pt w/gross hematuria and UA that shows Many rbc’s/hpf w/out dysmorphic rbcs or proteinuria points to what diagnosis?
Renal papillary necrosis —> AA w/SS trait
How do you treat Chlamydial conjuctivitis in a 5-14 day old baby?
PO macrolide (erythromycin)
What is Von Gierke disease (type 1)?
G6PD def, cannot do: glycogen —> glucose
What causes serum sickness after 1-2 weeks post exposure?
B-lactams and sulfa drugs
Pt that has meconium ileus, how do you treat?
Contrast enema
What are the effects of diabetes on a baby in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?
After delivery, MC complication?
Organometallic, macrosomia, polycythemia
Hypoglycemia
What kind of rash starts on the face and spreads down in a cephalocaudal and centrifugal pattern?
Robeola - measles
Male pt has coarse, thick pubic hair, cystic acne, accelerated growth and bone age with low/normal LH levels has what?
Nonclassical CAH
How do you manage pts w/CVID?
What are the symptoms?
IVIG
Infections from encapsulated bacteria, Giardia, enterovirus, FTT
How can you tell if a child has ALL based on PBS?
PAS+ material
TdT positive
Can have 20% blasts on PBS just like AML
What are single, round, blue inclusions on Wright stain?
When are they present?
Howell-Jolly bodies
When the spleen has been removed
CD3 is found on what?
T cell
What presents w/fever and parotitis in an unvaccinated child?
MC complications?
Mumps
Aseptic meningitis and orchitis
Cat bites cause deep puncture wounds, what should be 1st line for antibiotic prophylaxis?
Against what organism?
Augmentin
Pasteurella
Male pt w/recurrent sinopulmonoary and GI infections w/absence of lymphoid tissues manifesting as small/absent tonsils has what?
X-linked agammaglobulinemia aka abnormal B lymphocyte maturation
What is a Mongolian spot called in dr terms?
Congenital dermal melanocytosis
Child with granulation tissue and skin debris in the ear w/new onset hearing loss has what?
Cholesteatoma
3 week old baby that was born prematurely that had enteral feeding, is now having bilious vomiting and lethargy, what is going on?
NEC
Congenital hypothyroidism is d/t what?
Thyroid dysgenesis
What complication can Mono cause?
Acute airway obstruction
Coin stuck in the esophagus, what is Treatment?
Flexible endoscopy
