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UWorld Step 2 > IM Cardio - Rd 2 > Flashcards

IM Cardio - Rd 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acute MR can occur w/acute MI, what does this cause physiologically in the heart?

A

Increased LV ED pressure (Filling pressure)

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2
Q

What presents w/anorexia, N/V/ADB pain with weakness and confusion?

D/t what?

A

Digoxin toxicity

Amiodarone interaction

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3
Q

What is isolated systolic hypertension?

D/t what?

A

Systolic BP > 140 w/diastolic BP < 90

Increased stiffness or dec elasticity of the aortic and arterial walls in elderly pts

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4
Q

Fibromuscular dysplasia MC involves what arteries?

A

Renal
Carotid
Vertebral

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5
Q

Scleroderma renal crisis presents how?

peripheral blood smear can show what?

A

Acute RF and Malignant HTN (HA, blurry vision, nausea)

MAHA w/schistocytes and thrombocytopenia

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6
Q

Young woman with recurrent HAs, very high BP, and subauricular systolic bruit has what?

A

FMD

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8
Q

Cardiac tamponade is d/t what physiologically?

A

Dec LV preload
Dec SV
Dec CO

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9
Q

Beta blockers are contraindicated in what setting of ACS?

A

Pulmonary edema (acute decompensated HF)

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10
Q

What murmur is best heard along the Left sternal border at the 3rd and 4th ICS while pt is sitting up, leaning forward, and holding a breath in full expiration?

A

AR

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11
Q

What are reentrant ventricular arrhythmias?

MC cause of what?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

Sudden cardiac death

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12
Q

What can cause pulsus paradoxus?

What is it?

A

Cardiac tamponade, Asthma, COPD

Dec in systolic BP > 10 on Inspiration

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13
Q

What RF is associated with the highest rate of aneurysm expansion and rupture in a pt with enlarged ABD aneurysm?

A

Cigarette smoking

NOT uncontrolled HTN

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14
Q

What does the ECG show in a LV aneurysm?

A

Persistent ST elevation, deep Q waves

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15
Q

MOA of dobutamine?

A

Dec in LV end-systolic volume

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19
Q

Pt that presents w/signs of pericardial effusion should have pericardiocentesis when?

A

Hemodynamically unstable
Cardiogenic shock
Cardiac tamponade

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20
Q

Pt with a knife injury to the thigh can develop what?

How can this effect the heart?

A

AV fistula

High-output cardiac failure causing increased preload

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20
Q

What is a synonym for HOCM?

How does the murmur present?

What symptom can manifest early?

A

Inter Ventricular septal hypertrophy

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur at left sternal border w/out radiation

Syncope

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22
Q

What diseases present with High Output Heart Failure?

A 
Anemia
Hyperthyroidism
Beriberi
Paget disease
AV fistula
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23
Q

Pt that has AFib and develops acute arterial occlusion should have been prophylaxed with what?

A

Apixaban or any anticoagulation

24
Q

Development of AV block in a pt w/IE should raise suspicion for what?

What symptom do they most likely have?

A

Perivalvular abscess

Syncope

24
Q

What arrhythmia is most specific for digitalis toxicity?

A

Atrial tachycardia w/AV block

25
Q

Young pt (late 20’s or early 30s) that presents w/very high HTN and symptoms of HA and epistaxis has what?

A

Coarctation of aorta

26
Q

Bicuspid aortic valve can cause what uncommon finding in young adult pts?

A

AR d/t valvular leaflet abnormalities

26
Q

Pt that has palpable b/L ABD masses with morning HAs, HTN and normal Cr function w/FHx of early death by father has what?

A

ADPKD

HTN generally PRECEEDS the decline in renal function

27
Pts with Portal vein thrombosis/compression do NOT have what key feature?
JVD
28
+ hepatojugular reflex indicates what?
TR HF d/t non-valvular cause Constrictive pericarditis Cardiac tamponade
28
What has the highest sensitivity for diagnosing CHF? What has a very high specificity?
BNP S3
31
Pulsus parvus et tardus is what? Seen in what?
Dec pulse amplitude and delayed pulse upstroke AS
31
Older pt that has sinus pauses, Inc PR interval and Inc QRS duration that presents w/syncope may have what?
Sick sinus syndrome Bradyarrhthymia AV block
31
What is unsynchronized cardioversion?
Defibrillation
31
Pt that is on anti-arrhythmic meds and presents w/progressive dyspnea, nonproductive Cough, b/L inspiratory crackles, and CXR showing b/L lung infiltrations primarily involving the middle lung fields has what? D/t what?
Amiodarone-induced interstitial pneumo it is too much loop diuretics
32
Pt that has undergone CABG and the next day presents w/equalization of pressures (RA, RV, PCWP all similar around 20) and HoTN has developed what? Best next step?
Cardiac tamponade Echocardiogram
33
Pt w/LE swelling that is worse in the evening has what? What treatment is most likely to relieve the pt’s symptoms? What effect does smoking have?
chronic venous insufficiency Frequent leg elevation NONE
33
What presents w/persistent ST-elevation after a recent MI and deep Q waves?
Ventricular aneurysm
33
What are the classic sx of pericarditis?
Pleuritic chest pain, fever, pericardial friction rub
34
Pt that has decompensated HF, what is the body doing to compensate?
Activate RAAS —> constrict efferent arteriole
35
What pts should have electrophysiology testing done?
1st degree AV block with PROLONGED QRS
36
How do you treat sustained monomorphic V Tach (SMVT) if the pt is stable? Unstable?
IV amiodarone Cardioversion
37
Young pt that has unexplained HTN should get a detailed H&P, what should the workup be next?
UA —> looking at protein and Cr CMP Lipid profile Baseline EKG
39
Spotty calcifications along the left heart border indicates what? Commonly caused by what?
Constrictive pericarditis Prior cardiac surgery
40
Pts w/a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk > what should be treated with statin? What age group?
> 7.5 40-75
43
Acute aortic dissection that progresses to syncope can be d/t what complication?
Cardiac tamponade (pericardial fluid accumulation)
44
What kind of drugs used to treat AFib can cause use dependence leading to widening of the QRS complex?
Class IC —> flecainide
45
What is a long QT in men? Women?
> 450 msec > 470 msec
50
Amyloid cardiomyopathy is a type of what? What additional symptoms can be present?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy CHF, proteinuria, LVH

UWorld Step 2 (17 decks)

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