Peds Flashcards
1
Q
what are the most important RFs that cause RDS in infants?
A
Prematurity Male sex Maternal diabetes C section Perinatal asphyxia
2
Q
What is a more serious infection, preseptal or orbital?
What features does the more serious one have?
A
Orbital
Ophthalmoplegia
Pain w/EOM, proptosis
Diplopia
3
Q
Infants needed to be treated with what to protect against conjuctivitis?
A
Topical erythromycin
5
Q
How do you treat Tourette’s with meds?
A
Risperidone
Clonidine
Guanfacine
6
Q
What is the MC cause of bacterial PNA in young kids w/CF?
Treat how?
A
S aureus
IV Vanco for MRSA+ in pt w/severe PNA
6
Q
Cat bites require what treatment?
Organism?
A
Prophylaxis w/Augmentin
Pasteurella
7
Q
What kind of precautions do you need to take for Measles protection?
A
Airborne
8
Q
Newborn girl w/nasal flaring, has a scaphoid ABD, is grunting, and has a barrel shaped chest has what?
A
Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia
8
Q
What presents w/Left axis deviation on EKG, decreased pulmonary markings on CXR?
A
Tricuspid valve atresia
9
Q
What presents w/clenched hands w/overlapping fingers, Renal defects, limited ABduction, prominent occiput, low-set ears, micrognathia, heart defects?
A
Edwards syndrome
11
Q
When should a childhood vision assessment be performed?
When does Snellen chart or tumbling E chart testing begin?
A
Every well child visit
3 y/o
14
Q
Describe the following in Tuner syndrome:
Estrogen
FSH
LH
A
Low
High
High
15
Q
Intussusception is caused bc of what Pathology?
A
Hypertrophied Peyer patches
16
Q
Black girl with hair loss has what?
A
Tinea capitis (dermatophytes)
17
Q
What presents early in infancy w/obstructive jaundice and acholic stools?
A
Biliary atresia
17
Q
What causes w/SCM mass, i/L head tilt, and c/L chin deviation in a pt w/limited ROM of the neck?
A
Congenital muscular torticollis
18
Q
What is the MC murmur older than 1 year?
Younger?
A
ASD
VSD
19
Q
Pyloric stenosis causes what?
A
Gastric outlet obstruction
21
Q
Pt that has opacification of ALL sinuses by 8 months has what underlying disease?
A
Meconium ileus
22
Q
How does HIV in infancy present?
A
FTT
Chronic diarrhea
LAD
PCP infection
23
Q
What is the most component to diagnose ADHD?
A
Teacher Evans
24
Q
Child that you are pretty sure has GAS infection, what do you do?
A
Rapid strep test
25
Q
What is the biggest RF for cerebral palsy?
How does it present?
A
Prematurity
Hypertonic and hyperreflexia involving b/L LE
50% retarded
26
Q
How do you diagnose DMD?
A
Genetic testing
27
Sudden vasomotor collapse and skin rash all over body w/meningitis due to what?
Adrenal hemorrhage
| -Waterhouse Friederichson
28
What shows inspiratory stridor that is worse when supine and improves when prone?
Laryngomalacia
LIP
29
What does rheumatic fever cause?
Treatment in high risk pts?
Mitral stenosis
Continuous Abx prophylaxis (PCN G)
30
What does Breastfeeding decrease the risk of developing?
OM, respiratory and GI infant
UTI, NEC
Lower T1DM
31
What language should you hear from a baby at 6 months, 9 months, 1 year?
6 - babble
9 - mama, dada
1 year - 1st words
32
Precocious puberty very likely due to what?
Early activation HPO axis
33
When do you get varciella vaccine?
At what age do exposed pts need prophylaxis?
1 and 4
1
33
What is the most likely cause of premature adrenal adrenarche?
What is the level of DHEA-S like?
Testosterone?
Increased adrenal androgen secretion
High
Very low
34
What presents w/hemianopia, hemiparesis, hemisensory disturbance, I/L glaucoma w/xray that shows intra-cranial calcifications?
Sturge-Weber
35
Choanal atresia may have what else?
CHARGE
```
Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia - choanal
Retard
GU anomalies
Ear Fucked up, DEAF
```
36
What is the treatment for pertussis?
What should you do about close contacts?
Macrolide
Give them macrolides too
36
What do the teeth of pts w/OI look like?
Opalescent blue-gray or yellow-brown
38
What are the CF of HDD?
Asymmetric skin folds
| Leg length discrepancy
39
Microcephalic, abnormal thumbs, hypogonadism, cafe au lait spots, strabismus, low set ears, diagnosis?
Pathology?
Fanconia anemia
Chromosomal breaks
40
What is the pathology behind Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?
The gene regulates cytoskeleton remodeling response to cell signaling on T cells
41
Caustic ingestion of toxic material, what is the 1st step?
2nd?
Take of soiled clothes
Upper EGD
42
Turner syndrome pts are at the biggest risk of having what?
Why?
Dec bone mineral density
Estrogen deficient
44
What characterizes a constitutional growth delay?
Delayed growth spurt
Delayed puberty
Delayed bone age
44
What are the risk factors for HDD?
Breech position
FHx
Excessively slight swaddling
45
Pt w/injury to arm that has severe pain, pallor, poikilothermia, parenthesis and late findings of pulselessness has what?
Compartment syndrome
46
What presents w/focal or generalized seizures, mental retardation, nevus flammeus along CN 5 and port wine stain?
Sturge-Weber
47
24 day old baby w/hypothermia, mild jaundice, poor feeding most likely has what?
Sepsis
48
All sexually active women < 24 y/o should be tested for what?
The clap
| Gonorrhea
49
What presents w/arthritis, ABD pain, renal disease and purpura in young kid?
Pathology?
HSP
Mesangial deposition of IgA
50
When can the HepB vaccine be given?
When baby is > 2kg
52
What presents in infants w/biphasic stridor that improves w/neck extension?
Vascular ring
VRE
53
What is the treatment for nursemaid’s elbow (radial head subluxation)?
Hyperpronation of the forearm
OR
Forearm supination w/elbow flexion
54
New onset hearing loss or chronic ear drainage despite Abx indicates what?
Will see what?
Cholesteatoma
Granulation tissue and skin debris
54
What is angular cheilitis?
Glossitis?
Fissure at the corner of lips
Hyperemic tongue
56
After a diagnosis of Guillon-Barre, what may you need to do assess status of patient?
Spirometry test for neuromuscular respiratory failure
58
What indicates an epileptic seizure?
Post-Ictal state, sleepiness, confusion
61
By 12 months how should a child’s weight be?
Heigh?
Triple
Increase by 50%
63
When can NEC occur?
```
Prematurity
Low birth weight (< 1.5kg)
HoTN
Congenital HD
Enteral formula feeding
```
63
What causes angular cheilitis, glossitis, stomatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and normocytic anemia?
Riboflavin B2 deficiency
64
Pt w/DiGeorge syndrome that has a seizure most likely due to what?
Brain abscess
66
What causes tinnitus, fever, hyperpnea, metabolic acidosis?
ASA overdose
67
Infant that presents w/dysphasia, feeding refusal and vomiting, diagnosis?
Treatment?
Foreign body ingestion
Flexible endoscopy
67
Sickle cell pts often get what deficiency?
Folate
68
What presents w/chronic oligoarthritis, daily fever, LAD, HSM, and RASH?
What lab findings?
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increased CRP and ESR
70
OCD 1st line in treatment is what?
SSRI - fluoxetine
71
What causes acute, U/L cervical LAD in children?
Staph aureus
72
Pt that has mono is at most risk of developing what?
Tx?
Acute airway obstruction
Corticosteroids
74
Neuroblastoma arises from what cells?
Xray shows what?
What does Wilms tumor arise from?
Neural crest
Calcifications and hemorrhages
Metanephros
75
Rhinorrhea, abnormal long-bone radiographs, desquamating or bullous rash presents with what?
Congenital syphilis
75
Does Tay Sachs or Niemann-Pick have HSM?
Niemann-Pick
76
Bronchiolitis causes what?
Wheezing
76
Pt w/Tourette’s has what other comorbidities?
ADHD
| OCD
76
What is the biggest complication of cryptochidism?
Subfertility
77
What is the MC brain tumor in kids?
Pilocytic astrocytoma
79
Pt in SS crisis has what lab values?
Dec Retic count
| Dec Platelets
79
Bed wetting is normal until what age?
What is the order of workup?
5
UA, enuresis alarm, desmopressin
80
What does Guillain-Barre affect?
Peripheral motor nerves
80
What occurs in 3-10 years in summer and early fall and presents w/fever, pharyngitis, gray vesicles/ulcers on posterior oropharynx?
Herpangina due to Coxsackie A
81
What causes ABD pain, V/D, HoTN, metabolic acidosis w/elevated anion gap?
Treatment?
Iron poisoning
Whole bowel irrigation, Deferoxamine
82
Pink stains “brick dust” in neonatal diapers represents what?
It is high when?
Uric acid crystals
Birth
82
What presents w/vital sign instability, lethargy, vomiting, blood in stool, ABD distention and feeding intolerance?
NEC
82
Infant that presents w/sudden-onset aspiration, wheezing, cough, dyspnea, diagnosis?
Treatment?
Foreign body aspiration
RIGID bronchoscopy
83
What presents w/cyanosis, pulse ox=85%, dark colored blood?
What is the PaO2?
Saturation gap?
Methemoglobinemia
Normal
> 5%
84
Pt w/absence seizures also have what comorbidity?
ADHD inattentive type
85
Sickle cell pt that has a fever, tachycardia, HoTN has what?
Bc of what?
Sepsis
Strep pneumonia
86
What condition has a harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur over the left upper sternal border?
ToF - Ejection murmur
87
What presents w/urine pH > 5.5, with hypokalemia and no AG?
RTA type 1
88
What presents in a child w/conjunctival injection, tarsal inflammation, and pale follicles?
Trachoma
89
What is the MC cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn boys?
Can also cause what?
Posterior urethral valves
Oligohydramnios
90
What is the MC heart defect in down patients?
What embryology?
Complete AV septal defect
Failure of endocardial cushion
91
Healthy neonates lose up to how much of their birth weight in the first 5 days of life?
Should regain the weight when?
7%
10-14 days
93
Child that presents w/Giardia infection, encapsulated organism infection, asthma and FTT has what?
Treatment?
CVID
IVIG
94
What reduces mortality when you have the rubeola virus?
Vitamin A
97
What presents in kids with symptoms of over 6 weeks with hyperferritinemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, thrombocytosis, and anemia?
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
98
What is the workup for a pt w/primary amenorrhea?
1st step FSH
If dec then MRI pituitary
If inc then karyotype
104
What presents w/no PMHx of cyanosis or jaundice in the neonate?
ToF
105
How is vaginal foreign body treated?
What is the MC source?
Irrigation w/warm fluid
Toilet paper
106
What is the MC cause of congenital hypothyroidism?
CF?
Thyroid dysgenesis
Dec activity, hoarse cry, jaundice
108
What causes ABD pain, hematemesis, Shock, metabolic acidosis?
Treat how?
Fe poisoning
Deferoxamine
109
What presents as idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head with a peak incidence of age 7?
Predisposing factor?
CF?
Leg-Calve-Perthes disease
Thrombophilia
Chronic knee/hip pain, antalgic gait
110
Breast milk jaundice starts when? Peak?
What is abnormal?
3-5 days, 2 weeks
High levels of Beta-glucouronidase
111
Xray showing several small opacities in the stomach and duodenum is what?
Iron poisoning
119
What heart manifestations do you see in rheumatic fever?
On EKG?
MS
Prolonged PR interval
124
Pt that is exclusively breast fed and has skeletal abnormalities, delayed fontanel closure, genu Varum has what?
Vitamin D deficiency
125
What presents w/fair complexion, intellectual disability and can have a CVA event?
Homocystinuria
126
When does breastfeeding milk jaundice occur?
What clinical features?
1st week of life
Dehydration and difficulty feeding
132
What presents w/pure red cell aplasia w/short stature, webbed neck, and triphalangeal thumbs?
Diamond Blackfinn anemia
134
What presents w/ABD pain, jaundice, a palpable mass in kids < 10?
Biliary cyst
136
What presents w/FTT with a normal and chronic AG metabolic acidosis?
RTA type 1
138
What do Turner syndrome babies have edema?
Dysgenesis of the lymphatic network
142
What kind of medical treatment can teens receive without parental consent?
Contraception
Pregnancy
STDs
155
When should vaccines be given?
Chronological age
156
When do you do a gonadectomy in pts w/AIS aka TF?
After completion of puberty
