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Peds Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most important RFs that cause RDS in infants?

A 
Prematurity 
Male sex
Maternal diabetes
C section
Perinatal asphyxia
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2
Q

What is a more serious infection, preseptal or orbital?

What features does the more serious one have?

A

Orbital

Ophthalmoplegia
Pain w/EOM, proptosis
Diplopia

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3
Q

Infants needed to be treated with what to protect against conjuctivitis?

A

Topical erythromycin

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5
Q

How do you treat Tourette’s with meds?

A

Risperidone
Clonidine
Guanfacine

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6
Q

What is the MC cause of bacterial PNA in young kids w/CF?

Treat how?

A

S aureus

IV Vanco for MRSA+ in pt w/severe PNA

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6
Q

Cat bites require what treatment?

Organism?

A

Prophylaxis w/Augmentin

Pasteurella

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7
Q

What kind of precautions do you need to take for Measles protection?

A

Airborne

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8
Q

Newborn girl w/nasal flaring, has a scaphoid ABD, is grunting, and has a barrel shaped chest has what?

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia

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8
Q

What presents w/Left axis deviation on EKG, decreased pulmonary markings on CXR?

A

Tricuspid valve atresia

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9
Q

What presents w/clenched hands w/overlapping fingers, Renal defects, limited ABduction, prominent occiput, low-set ears, micrognathia, heart defects?

A

Edwards syndrome

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11
Q

When should a childhood vision assessment be performed?

When does Snellen chart or tumbling E chart testing begin?

A

Every well child visit

3 y/o

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14
Q

Describe the following in Tuner syndrome:
Estrogen

FSH

LH

A

Low

High

High

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15
Q

Intussusception is caused bc of what Pathology?

A

Hypertrophied Peyer patches

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16
Q

Black girl with hair loss has what?

A

Tinea capitis (dermatophytes)

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17
Q

What presents early in infancy w/obstructive jaundice and acholic stools?

A

Biliary atresia

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17
Q

What causes w/SCM mass, i/L head tilt, and c/L chin deviation in a pt w/limited ROM of the neck?

A

Congenital muscular torticollis

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18
Q

What is the MC murmur older than 1 year?

Younger?

A

ASD

VSD

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19
Q

Pyloric stenosis causes what?

A

Gastric outlet obstruction

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21
Q

Pt that has opacification of ALL sinuses by 8 months has what underlying disease?

A

Meconium ileus

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22
Q

How does HIV in infancy present?

A

FTT
Chronic diarrhea
LAD
PCP infection

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23
Q

What is the most component to diagnose ADHD?

A

Teacher Evans

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24
Q

Child that you are pretty sure has GAS infection, what do you do?

A

Rapid strep test

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25
Q

What is the biggest RF for cerebral palsy?

How does it present?

A

Prematurity

Hypertonic and hyperreflexia involving b/L LE
50% retarded

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26
Q

How do you diagnose DMD?

A

Genetic testing

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27
Q

Sudden vasomotor collapse and skin rash all over body w/meningitis due to what?

A

Adrenal hemorrhage

-Waterhouse Friederichson

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28
Q

What shows inspiratory stridor that is worse when supine and improves when prone?

A

Laryngomalacia

LIP

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29
Q

What does rheumatic fever cause?

Treatment in high risk pts?

A

Mitral stenosis

Continuous Abx prophylaxis (PCN G)

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30
Q

What does Breastfeeding decrease the risk of developing?

A

OM, respiratory and GI infant
UTI, NEC
Lower T1DM

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31
Q

What language should you hear from a baby at 6 months, 9 months, 1 year?

A

6 - babble
9 - mama, dada
1 year - 1st words

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32
Q

Precocious puberty very likely due to what?

A

Early activation HPO axis

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33
Q

When do you get varciella vaccine?

At what age do exposed pts need prophylaxis?

A

1 and 4

1

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33
Q

What is the most likely cause of premature adrenal adrenarche?

What is the level of DHEA-S like?
Testosterone?

A

Increased adrenal androgen secretion

High
Very low

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34
Q

What presents w/hemianopia, hemiparesis, hemisensory disturbance, I/L glaucoma w/xray that shows intra-cranial calcifications?

A

Sturge-Weber

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35
Q

Choanal atresia may have what else?

A

CHARGE

Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia - choanal
Retard
GU anomalies
Ear Fucked up, DEAF
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36
Q

What is the treatment for pertussis?

What should you do about close contacts?

A

Macrolide

Give them macrolides too

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36
Q

What do the teeth of pts w/OI look like?

A

Opalescent blue-gray or yellow-brown

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38
Q

What are the CF of HDD?

A

Asymmetric skin folds

Leg length discrepancy

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39
Q

Microcephalic, abnormal thumbs, hypogonadism, cafe au lait spots, strabismus, low set ears, diagnosis?

Pathology?

A

Fanconia anemia

Chromosomal breaks

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40
Q

What is the pathology behind Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?

A

The gene regulates cytoskeleton remodeling response to cell signaling on T cells

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41
Q

Caustic ingestion of toxic material, what is the 1st step?

2nd?

A

Take of soiled clothes

Upper EGD

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42
Q

Turner syndrome pts are at the biggest risk of having what?

Why?

A

Dec bone mineral density

Estrogen deficient

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44
Q

What characterizes a constitutional growth delay?

A

Delayed growth spurt
Delayed puberty
Delayed bone age

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44
Q

What are the risk factors for HDD?

A

Breech position
FHx
Excessively slight swaddling

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45
Q

Pt w/injury to arm that has severe pain, pallor, poikilothermia, parenthesis and late findings of pulselessness has what?

A

Compartment syndrome

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46
Q

What presents w/focal or generalized seizures, mental retardation, nevus flammeus along CN 5 and port wine stain?

A

Sturge-Weber

47
Q

24 day old baby w/hypothermia, mild jaundice, poor feeding most likely has what?

48
Q

All sexually active women < 24 y/o should be tested for what?

A

The clap

Gonorrhea

49
Q

What presents w/arthritis, ABD pain, renal disease and purpura in young kid?

Pathology?

A

HSP

Mesangial deposition of IgA

50
Q

When can the HepB vaccine be given?

A

When baby is > 2kg

52
Q

What presents in infants w/biphasic stridor that improves w/neck extension?

A

Vascular ring

VRE

53
Q

What is the treatment for nursemaid’s elbow (radial head subluxation)?

A

Hyperpronation of the forearm
OR
Forearm supination w/elbow flexion

54
Q

New onset hearing loss or chronic ear drainage despite Abx indicates what?

Will see what?

A

Cholesteatoma

Granulation tissue and skin debris

54
Q

What is angular cheilitis?

Glossitis?

A

Fissure at the corner of lips

Hyperemic tongue

56
Q

After a diagnosis of Guillon-Barre, what may you need to do assess status of patient?

A

Spirometry test for neuromuscular respiratory failure

58
Q

What indicates an epileptic seizure?

A

Post-Ictal state, sleepiness, confusion

61
Q

By 12 months how should a child’s weight be?

Heigh?

A

Triple

Increase by 50%

63
Q

When can NEC occur?

A 
Prematurity 
Low birth weight (< 1.5kg) 
HoTN
Congenital HD
Enteral formula feeding
63
Q

What causes angular cheilitis, glossitis, stomatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and normocytic anemia?

A

Riboflavin B2 deficiency

64
Q

Pt w/DiGeorge syndrome that has a seizure most likely due to what?

A

Brain abscess

66
Q

What causes tinnitus, fever, hyperpnea, metabolic acidosis?

A

ASA overdose

67
Q

Infant that presents w/dysphasia, feeding refusal and vomiting, diagnosis?

Treatment?

A

Foreign body ingestion

Flexible endoscopy

67
Q

Sickle cell pts often get what deficiency?

68
Q

What presents w/chronic oligoarthritis, daily fever, LAD, HSM, and RASH?

What lab findings?

A

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increased CRP and ESR

70
Q

OCD 1st line in treatment is what?

A

SSRI - fluoxetine

71
Q

What causes acute, U/L cervical LAD in children?

A

Staph aureus

72
Q

Pt that has mono is at most risk of developing what?

Tx?

A

Acute airway obstruction

Corticosteroids

74
Q

Neuroblastoma arises from what cells?
Xray shows what?

What does Wilms tumor arise from?

A

Neural crest
Calcifications and hemorrhages

Metanephros

75
Q

Rhinorrhea, abnormal long-bone radiographs, desquamating or bullous rash presents with what?

A

Congenital syphilis

75
Q

Does Tay Sachs or Niemann-Pick have HSM?

A

Niemann-Pick

76
Q

Bronchiolitis causes what?

76
Q

Pt w/Tourette’s has what other comorbidities?

76
Q

What is the biggest complication of cryptochidism?

A

Subfertility

77
Q

What is the MC brain tumor in kids?

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

79
Q

Pt in SS crisis has what lab values?

A

Dec Retic count

Dec Platelets

79
Q

Bed wetting is normal until what age?

What is the order of workup?

A

5

UA, enuresis alarm, desmopressin

80
Q

What does Guillain-Barre affect?

A

Peripheral motor nerves

80
Q

What occurs in 3-10 years in summer and early fall and presents w/fever, pharyngitis, gray vesicles/ulcers on posterior oropharynx?

A

Herpangina due to Coxsackie A

81
Q

What causes ABD pain, V/D, HoTN, metabolic acidosis w/elevated anion gap?

Treatment?

A

Iron poisoning

Whole bowel irrigation, Deferoxamine

82
Q

Pink stains “brick dust” in neonatal diapers represents what?

It is high when?

A

Uric acid crystals

Birth

82
Q

What presents w/vital sign instability, lethargy, vomiting, blood in stool, ABD distention and feeding intolerance?

82
Q

Infant that presents w/sudden-onset aspiration, wheezing, cough, dyspnea, diagnosis?

Treatment?

A

Foreign body aspiration

RIGID bronchoscopy

83
Q

What presents w/cyanosis, pulse ox=85%, dark colored blood?

What is the PaO2?
Saturation gap?

A

Methemoglobinemia
Normal
> 5%

84
Q

Pt w/absence seizures also have what comorbidity?

A

ADHD inattentive type

85
Q

Sickle cell pt that has a fever, tachycardia, HoTN has what?

Bc of what?

A

Sepsis

Strep pneumonia

86
Q

What condition has a harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur over the left upper sternal border?

A

ToF - Ejection murmur

87
Q

What presents w/urine pH > 5.5, with hypokalemia and no AG?

A

RTA type 1

88
Q

What presents in a child w/conjunctival injection, tarsal inflammation, and pale follicles?

89
Q

What is the MC cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn boys?

Can also cause what?

A

Posterior urethral valves

Oligohydramnios

90
Q

What is the MC heart defect in down patients?

What embryology?

A

Complete AV septal defect

Failure of endocardial cushion

91
Q

Healthy neonates lose up to how much of their birth weight in the first 5 days of life?

Should regain the weight when?

A

7%

10-14 days

93
Q

Child that presents w/Giardia infection, encapsulated organism infection, asthma and FTT has what?

Treatment?

94
Q

What reduces mortality when you have the rubeola virus?

97
Q

What presents in kids with symptoms of over 6 weeks with hyperferritinemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, thrombocytosis, and anemia?

A

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

98
Q

What is the workup for a pt w/primary amenorrhea?

A

1st step FSH
If dec then MRI pituitary
If inc then karyotype

104
Q

What presents w/no PMHx of cyanosis or jaundice in the neonate?

105
Q

How is vaginal foreign body treated?

What is the MC source?

A

Irrigation w/warm fluid

Toilet paper

106
Q

What is the MC cause of congenital hypothyroidism?

CF?

A

Thyroid dysgenesis

Dec activity, hoarse cry, jaundice

108
Q

What causes ABD pain, hematemesis, Shock, metabolic acidosis?

Treat how?

A

Fe poisoning

Deferoxamine

109
Q

What presents as idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head with a peak incidence of age 7?

Predisposing factor?

CF?

A

Leg-Calve-Perthes disease

Thrombophilia

Chronic knee/hip pain, antalgic gait

110
Q

Breast milk jaundice starts when? Peak?

What is abnormal?

A

3-5 days, 2 weeks

High levels of Beta-glucouronidase

111
Q

Xray showing several small opacities in the stomach and duodenum is what?

A

Iron poisoning

119
Q

What heart manifestations do you see in rheumatic fever?

On EKG?

A

MS

Prolonged PR interval

124
Q

Pt that is exclusively breast fed and has skeletal abnormalities, delayed fontanel closure, genu Varum has what?

A

Vitamin D deficiency

125
Q

What presents w/fair complexion, intellectual disability and can have a CVA event?

A

Homocystinuria

126
Q

When does breastfeeding milk jaundice occur?

What clinical features?

A

1st week of life

Dehydration and difficulty feeding

132
Q

What presents w/pure red cell aplasia w/short stature, webbed neck, and triphalangeal thumbs?

A

Diamond Blackfinn anemia

134
Q

What presents w/ABD pain, jaundice, a palpable mass in kids < 10?

A

Biliary cyst

136
Q

What presents w/FTT with a normal and chronic AG metabolic acidosis?

A

RTA type 1

138
Q

What do Turner syndrome babies have edema?

A

Dysgenesis of the lymphatic network

142
Q

What kind of medical treatment can teens receive without parental consent?

A

Contraception
Pregnancy
STDs

155
Q

When should vaccines be given?

A

Chronological age

156
Q

When do you do a gonadectomy in pts w/AIS aka TF?

A

After completion of puberty

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