Peds: Pulmonology Flashcards
What does croup affect?
larynx
What are some S/S of croup?
barky/seal cough
inspiratory stridor
respiratory distress
low O2 sat
coughing fits at night
What will be seen on a CXR of a kid with croup?
steeple sign
What is the treatment for croup?
single dose of Decadron
Tylenol for fever
What are some S/S of influenza?
myalgias
fevers
chills
runny nose
HA
sore throat
How is influenza diagnosed?
PCR nasal swab
What is RSV?
inflammed bronchial tubes
causes air-trapping
What are some S/S of RSV?
recent URI exposure
increase in nasal congestion
cough/respiratory wheezing
gradual onset of respiratory distress
fever
poor feeding
What is the treatment for RSV?
supportive
self-limited virus
humidifed oxygen by mask
What bacteria causes epiglottitis?
H. influenzae
What are some S/S of epiglottitis?
rapid onset of sever distress (within hours)
high fever
difficulty swalling or sore throat
drooling
tripod position
How is epiglottitis diagnosed?
lateral soft tissue neck Xray - thumb sign
What is the treatment for epiglottitis?
antipyretics for fever
IV antibiotics
secure an airway
reacemic epi
What is pertussis?
whooping cough
“the 100 day cough”
What is stage 1 of pertussis?
catarrhal stage
1-2 weeks
URI sxs
fever
cough
running nose
What is stage 2 of pertussis?
paroxysmal stage
1-6 weeks
post-tussive vomitting, inspiratory whoop
What is stage 3 of pertussis?
convalescent stage
recovery 2-3 weeks
cough lessens
What is the treatment for pertussis?
macrolide antibiotics
(axithromycin, clarithromycin)
What are the most common agents that cause bacterial pneumonia?
S. pneumoniae
- H. influenzae*
- Mycoplasma*
What are some S/S of pneumonia?
fever
cough
tachypnea
low O2 sat
lethargy
How is pneumonia diagnosed?
chest X-ray
bacterial- consolidation, ‘round’ appearing
viral- interstitial infiltrates
What is the treatment for bacterial pneumonia?
amoxicillin
macrolides
When should a child be admitted for pneumonia?
O2 < 92%
RR > 70 in infants or 50 in children
intermittent apnea or grunting
dehydration
family unable to provide good observation
