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SD: Peds > Peds: Cardiology > Flashcards

Peds: Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which heart defect is a through & through communication between the atria at the septal level?

A

atrial septal defect (ASD)

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2
Q

What is the pathophysiology of atrial septal defect?

A

large enough defect to allow free communication between the atria

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3
Q

What do most ASDs occur & why?

A

mid septum due to lack of tissue for overlap

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4
Q

What are some symptoms for ASD?

A

most are asymptomatic (defect often missed in childhood)

fatigue

dyspnea

decreased stamina

paradoxical emboli can result in stroke

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5
Q

What is the murmur like for ASD?

A

Grade II-III midsystolic crescendo-descresendo murmur

heard at upper LSB

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6
Q

What will the EKG show with someone with ASD?

A

RSR’ in right precordial leads w/ mostly widened QRS (RBBB)

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7
Q

What is the diagnostic test used to identify ASD?

A

Echo-Doppler

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8
Q

What is the treatment for ASD?

A

once sxs are present- surgical/catheter closure

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9
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta?

A

discreet narrowing of the distal segment of the aortic arch, just distal to the origin of the subclavian artery

causes obstruction to outflow to the lower half of the body

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10
Q

What is the principle CV abnormality associated with coarctation of aorta?

A

LVH due to pressure overload

arterial hypertension

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11
Q

What are some S/S for coarctation of the aorta?

A

50% present as infants with HF due to pressure overload

older kids-fatigue, dyspnea, fatigue in legs while running

HTN in childhood

upper body well-developed; legs very thing

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12
Q

What will be some findings on a Chest Xray of someone with coarctation of the aorta?

A

LV prominent

HF-infants

motching of inferior margins of ribs in adolescence

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13
Q

What will the EKG show in someone with coarctation of the aorta?

A

LVH

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14
Q

What is the treatment for coarctation of the aorta?

A

surgery-direct resection/repair if possible

stenting via catheters is an option if feasible

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15
Q

What is the persistant patency of the vessel that normally connects the pulmonary arterial system & the aorta in the fetus?

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

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16
Q

Ductus often remains open in _______ deliveries

A

pre-term

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17
Q

Moderate ductus

A

elevated PAP

significant shunting

18
Q

Large ductus

A
19
Q

equal pressures w/ marked L -> R shunting

A
20
Q

What are some S/S of PDA?

A

maternal hx of exposure to rubella

premature deliveries

large-HF develops first few weeks of life

systolic thrill over PA in suprasternal notch & LSB

21
Q

What is the murmur like in PDA?

A

murmur is continuous (through systole & diastole)

machinery murmur (Gr IV or louder)

22
Q

What is the diagnostic tool of choice for PDA?

A

Echo-doppler

23
Q

What is the ultimate goal of treatment for PDA & how is it accomplished?

A

goal-closure of the ductus

premature infants-Indomethacin

surgical/catheter closures

24
Q

What is the pathophysiology of pulmonic stenosis?

A

‘dome shaped’ stenosis of the PV

RV develops concentric hypertrophy & reflects degree of obstrution at the valvular level

25
Q

What is the major hemodynamic burden of pulmonic stenosis?

A

right ventricular pressure overload

26
Q

What are some S/S of pulmonic stenosis?

A

most asymptomatic unless obstruction is severe-DOE, fatigue

early systolic click in the upper LSB

27
Q

What is the murmur like for pulmonic stenosis?

A

loud

harsh

crescendo-decrescendo at upper LSB radiation towards the clavicle & louder w/ inspiration

28
Q

What is the diagnostic tool that identifies pulmonic stenosis and estimates its severity?

A

echo-doppler

29
Q

What is the treatment of pulmonic stenosis?

A

valvuloplasty

balloon valvuloplasty has replaced surgery as first approach

30
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot?

A

biventricular origin of the aorta

31
Q

What defect is an opening in the part of the ventricular septum that separates the two ventricles?

A

ventricular septal defect

32
Q

80% of ventricular septal defect involved what?

A

the ​thin membranous septum

33
Q

What are some S/S of VSD?

A

varies depending on size

small-no sxs, murmur appears within 36 hrs of birth

larger-HF early in life

34
Q

What is the murmur like in VSD?

A

holosystolic murmur along LSB

35
Q

What is the diagnostic tool used for VSD?

A

echo-doppler

36
Q

What is the treatment for VSD?

A

majority of VSDs are small-close spontaneously

moderate/large-surgical repair

closure in early childhoo years if PAP is elevated

37
Q

What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death is athletes < 35 yrs?

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

38
Q

What is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the US?

A

Kawasaki Diseas

39
Q

What are the S/S for Kawasaki Disease?

A

conjunctivitis

lip or oral cavity changes

cervical lympadenopathy

polymorphous exanthema (rash)

extremity changes (redness swelling of hands/feet)

40
Q

What is the treatment Kawasaki Disease?

A

IVIG (recudes aneurysm formation)

SD: Peds (11 decks)

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