Peds: Allergy & Immunology Flashcards
What is the most common allergic disease?
allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
What is atopy?
asthma
allergic rhinitis
atopic dermatitis
What are some S/S of allergic rhinoconjuctivitis?
itchy nose, eyes, palate, or pharynx
loss of smell or taste, sneezing
‘allergic salute’, nasal congestion
nasal turbinates
cobblestoning
What is the most sensitive test for inhalant allergies?
skin testing-specific allergic-specific IgE
What are some treatment options for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis?
avoid allergies, environmental control measures
pharm-antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, decongestants, corticoteroids
immunotherapy
What is atopic dermatitis?
chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disorder
may outgrow
When does atopic dermatitis typically present?
presents in childhood
onset usually prior to age 5
What are some S/S of atopic dermatitis?
rash on face, scalp & extensor surfaces of elbows, knees
pruritis red papules
secondary excoriations
What are some treatment options for atopic dermatitis?
avoid irritants (detergents)
hydrations
moisturizers
topical steroids for flares
When does anaphylaxis occur?
occurs when large quantities of histamine are rapidly released from mast cells & basophils after exposure to allergens
What are some S/S of anaphylaxis?
onset within minutes of exposure
skin-mucosal swelling
respiratory compromise
low systolic BP
+/- GI symptoms
What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?
epinephrine
What are some of the most common food allergies?
cow’s milk
eggs
peanuts
What are some S/S of food allergies?
occurs minutes to < 2 hrs after ingestion
hives
flushing
facial angioedema
mouth/throat itching
What is the gold standard for testing food allergies?
blinded food challenge
What is the treatment for food allergies?
strict dietary avoidance is mainstay of management
carry self-injectable epinephrine & fast-acting antihistamine
What is commonly present with Primary Immunodeficiency (PID)?
recurrent/severe bacterial infection
FTT
developmental delay
When should we consider Primary Immunodeficiency?
if infection recurrent, severe, persistant, resistant to standard treatment or caused by opportunist organisms
What is Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia?
prolongation of ‘physiologic’ hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, which is normally observed during the first 3-6 months
What are the S/S of transient hypogammaglobulinemia?
typically presents with recurrent URIs
+/- otitis media & bronchitis
What is the treatment for transient hypogammaglobulinemia?
spontaneous recovery usually occurs by 9-15 months of age
IgG levels normalized by 2-4 hrs
What are the S/S of severe combined immunodeficiency?
presents with recurrent infection (bacteria, viruses, fungi, opportunistic pathogens)
chronic diarrhea
FTT
PE: lack of lymphoid tissue (no tonsils or lymph nodes)
What is the treatment for severe combined immunodeficiency?
BMT may be curative
What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in children & adolescents?
food-induced
