Peds: Allergy & Immunology

Question 1

What is the most common allergic disease?

Answer 1

allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Question 2

What is atopy?

Answer 2

asthma

allergic rhinitis

atopic dermatitis

Question 3

What are some S/S of allergic rhinoconjuctivitis?

Answer 3

itchy nose, eyes, palate, or pharynx

loss of smell or taste, sneezing

‘allergic salute’, nasal congestion

nasal turbinates

cobblestoning

Question 4

What is the most sensitive test for inhalant allergies?

Answer 4

skin testing-specific allergic-specific IgE

Question 5

What are some treatment options for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis?

Answer 5

avoid allergies, environmental control measures

pharm-antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, decongestants, corticoteroids

immunotherapy

Question 6

What is atopic dermatitis?

Answer 6

chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disorder

may outgrow

Question 7

When does atopic dermatitis typically present?

Answer 7

presents in childhood

onset usually prior to age 5

Question 8

What are some S/S of atopic dermatitis?

Answer 8

rash on face, scalp & extensor surfaces of elbows, knees

pruritis red papules

secondary excoriations

Question 9

What are some treatment options for atopic dermatitis?

Answer 9

avoid irritants (detergents)

hydrations

moisturizers

topical steroids for flares

Question 10

When does anaphylaxis occur?

Answer 10

occurs when large quantities of histamine are rapidly released from mast cells & basophils after exposure to allergens

Question 11

What are some S/S of anaphylaxis?

Answer 11

onset within minutes of exposure

skin-mucosal swelling

respiratory compromise

low systolic BP

+/- GI symptoms

Question 12

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?

Answer 12

epinephrine

Question 13

What are some of the most common food allergies?

Answer 13

cow’s milk

eggs

peanuts

Question 14

What are some S/S of food allergies?

Answer 14

occurs minutes to < 2 hrs after ingestion

hives

flushing

facial angioedema

mouth/throat itching

Question 15

What is the gold standard for testing food allergies?

Answer 15

blinded food challenge

Question 16

What is the treatment for food allergies?

Answer 16

strict dietary avoidance is mainstay of management

carry self-injectable epinephrine & fast-acting antihistamine

Question 17

What is commonly present with Primary Immunodeficiency (PID)?

Answer 17

recurrent/severe bacterial infection

FTT

developmental delay

Question 18

When should we consider Primary Immunodeficiency?

Answer 18

if infection recurrent, severe, persistant, resistant to standard treatment or caused by opportunist organisms

Question 19

What is Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia?

Answer 19

prolongation of ‘physiologic’ hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, which is normally observed during the first 3-6 months

Question 20

What are the S/S of transient hypogammaglobulinemia?

Answer 20

typically presents with recurrent URIs

+/- otitis media & bronchitis

Question 21

What is the treatment for transient hypogammaglobulinemia?

Answer 21

spontaneous recovery usually occurs by 9-15 months of age

IgG levels normalized by 2-4 hrs

Question 22

What are the S/S of severe combined immunodeficiency?

Answer 22

presents with recurrent infection (bacteria, viruses, fungi, opportunistic pathogens)

chronic diarrhea

FTT

PE: lack of lymphoid tissue (no tonsils or lymph nodes)

Question 23

What is the treatment for severe combined immunodeficiency?

Answer 23

BMT may be curative

Question 24

What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in children & adolescents?

Answer 24

food-induced

Question 25

What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in middle-aged adults?

Answer 25

venom-induced

Question 26

What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in older adults?

Answer 26

medication-induced