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SD: Peds > Peds: GI > Flashcards

Peds: GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are some causes of constipation in kids?

A

intro of solid foods

toilet training

stressful environments (starting school)

cows milk

hischsprung’s

cystic fibrosis

hypothyroid

lead poisoning

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2
Q

When should a child pass their first stool by?

A

72 hrs

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3
Q

How is constipation diagnosed?

A

plain ab X-ray

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4
Q

What is the treatment of constipation?

A

infant- glycerin suppository, sorbitol-containing juices

children- miralax, dis-impaction, diet change

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5
Q

What is the definition of diarrhea?

A

passage of loose or watery stools 3 or more times/day

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6
Q

What is the #1 cause of diarrhea in developed countries?

A

rotavirus is common

norovirus is also common

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7
Q

What should be suspected if a child has bloody diarrhea?

A

slamonella

hemolytic uremic syndrome (E. coli)

intussusception

toxic megacolon

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8
Q

What is cleft lip?

A

Opening or split in the upper lip

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9
Q

What is cleft palate?

A

opening or split on the roof of the mouth

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10
Q

What is GERD?

A

present when passage of gastric contents into the esophagus causes toublesome symptoms or complications

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11
Q

What is GER?

A

normal physiologic process in infants & children

episodes do not cause symptoms

resolves by 18 months

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12
Q

What is respiratory disorder is commonly connected with GERD?

A

asthma

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13
Q

How is GERD diagnosed?

A

trial of acid suppression

barium swallow constrast

endoscopy

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14
Q

What is esophageal atresia & tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

congenital anomaly of the respiratory tract

incomplete separation of the trachea & esophagus

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15
Q

What are some S/S of esophageal atresia & tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

drooling

choking

respiratory distress

unable to feed

aspiration pneumonia

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16
Q

How is esophageal atresia & tracheoesophageal fistula diagnosed?

A

inability to pass NG tube into the stomach

upper GI series w/ endoscopy for direct visualization

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17
Q

What is pyloric stenosis?

A

hypertrophy of the musulature around the pyloric sphincter resulting in gastric outlet obstruction

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18
Q

What are some S/S of pyloric stenosis?

A

projectile vomiting after feedings

olive-shaped mass in RUQ

peristalstic wave just prior to vomiting

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19
Q

How is pyloric stenosis diagnosed?

A

ultrasound

barium swallow - string sign

20
Q

What is Volvulus?

A

malrotation & abnormal rotation in utero which results in incomplete fixation of the small bowel

causes obstruction

21
Q

What are some S/S of volvulus?

A

sudden onset of bilious vomiting (green vomit)

severe abdominal pain

if hypotensive, lethargic -> ischemia toxin has set in -> shock

HTN w/ tachycardia

22
Q

How is volvulus diagnosed?

A

barium studies- bird-beak cut off & corkscrew of duodenum

ab plain films- double bubble sign

23
Q

What is Hirchsprungs disease?

A

motor disorder of the gut

congenital absence of ganglion cells in the distal rectum & colon

24
Q

What are some S/S of Hirchsprungs disease?

A

failure to pass meconium within 72 hrs of life

explosure epulsion of gas & stool after DRE (squirt sign)

signs of bowel obstruction

25
Q

How is Hirchsprungs disease diagnosed?

A

rectal biopsy

26
Q

What is the treatment for Hirchsprungs disease?

A

surgery

27
Q

What is Meckel diverticulum?

A

incomplete obliteration of the vitalize duct, leading to a true diverticulum of the small intestine

28
Q

What is the rule of 2’s with Meckel diversticulum?

A

occurs in 2% of population

male: female is 2:1

within 2 feet of ileocecal valve

can be 2 inches

usually presents before 2 yrs

29
Q

What are some S/S of Meckel diverticulum?

A

painless GI bleeding (due to ulceration fo the small bowel)

recurrent intussusception

signs of appendicitis after and appendectomy

signs of a SBO

30
Q

How is Meckel diverticulum diagnosed?

A

meckels scan (nuclear medicine)

31
Q

What is an imperforate anus?

A

birth defects when the anus is malformed

opening of anus is missing or blocked

32
Q

What are some S/S of an imperforate anus?

A

obvious defect at birth

low lesions- colon close to the skin (stenosis or blind pouch)

high lesions- may be fistula connection rectum to bladder or vagine

33
Q

What is a hernia?

A

protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the wall that normally contains in

34
Q

What is a strangulated hernia?

A

incarcerated & blood supply is compromised causing ischemia

35
Q

What population has the highest incidence of umbilical hernias?

When do most umbilical hernias close by?

A

African Americans

most will close by 4-5 yrs

36
Q

What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

A

developmental defect in diaphragm allowing abdominal viscera to herniate into the chest, compromising normal lung development

37
Q

What type of inguinal hernia is most common?

A

indirect

pass through inguinal canal

38
Q

What is intussusception?

A

invagination of part of the intestine into self (most commonly ileocecal junction)

most common abdominal emergency in children < 2 yrs

39
Q

What are some S/S of intussusception?

A

sudden onset of intermittent severe abdominal pain episodes

drawing legs/knees towards the abdomen

currant-jelly stools (mixture of blood & mucus)

40
Q

How is intussusception diagnosed?

A

ultrasound- target sign or bulls eye

41
Q

What is the treatment for intussusception?

A

barium or air-enema

surgery for unstable patients

42
Q

What are some S/S of appendicitis?

A

RLQ pain

vomiting, fever

+ Rovsing sign

+ obturator sign

+ psoas sign

+ McBurneys point

pain with coughing/jumping

43
Q

How is an appendicitis diagnosed?

A

CT scan

44
Q

What is celiac disease?

A

immune-mediate inflammation of the small intestine caused by sensitivity to gluten & related proteins

45
Q

How is celiac disease diagnosed?

A

serum celiac-antigen testing

SD: Peds (11 decks)

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