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Pediatrics fall 2014 > Peds Neuro > Flashcards

Peds Neuro Flashcards

0
Q

4 types of CP?

A

Spastic, Athetoid/Dyskinetic, Ataxic, Atonic

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1
Q

motor impairment resulting from brain damage

A

cerebral palsy

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2
Q

Tx for CP (3)

A

Symptomatic-
OT/PT/ST,
Antispasmodics- dantrolene, benzos, baclofen
Botox

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3
Q

how to exam headaches

A

assess on character, location, associated symptoms

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4
Q

most common cause of recurrent HA; pain is bilateral in children, unilateral in teens

A

migraine

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5
Q

classical migrane symptoms (5)

A 
aura/no aura
throbbing
N/V
Family hx
specific triggers
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6
Q

migraine tx? (3)

A

eliminate triggers
prophylaxis if >2/wk or >4/mo
symptomatic management

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7
Q

tonic seizures

A

sustained contraction

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8
Q

contraction alternating w/ relaxation

A

clonic seizure

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9
Q

spasm of muscle or a group of muscle

A

myoclonic seizure

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10
Q

sustained relaxation of muscle

A

atonic seizure

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11
Q

febrile seizures tx (3)

A

airway clear?
benzos if >10-15 min
exclude meningitis

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12
Q

brief loss of environmental awareness- staring into space. Triggered by hyperventilation or flashing lights. Short duration, multiples per day

A

absence seizures

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13
Q

seizure > 20-30 min. Concern for brain damage

A

Status epilepticus

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14
Q

infantile spasms tx (3)

A

ACTH
vigabatrin
ketogenic diet

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15
Q

Onset in 1st year b/w 4-8 mo, developmental regression, hypsarrythmia (chaotic brain waves) on EEG. Twerk stance
-clusters, happen before sleep or sleep awakening

A

infantile spasms

16
Q

defective closure of the neural tube at the end of week 4 of gestation –> anamolies of the L/S spinal cord

A

spina bifida

17
Q

most severe form of spina bifida, spinal cord or nerve roots exposed
increased risk of latex allergy

A

meningomyocele

18
Q

rarest form of spina bifida

only meninges are exposed in cyst-like sac, spinal cord is intact

A

meningocele

19
Q

CSF accumulation due to either overproduction or obstruction

A

hydrocephalus

20
Q

HTN, bradycardia, altered respiration, increased head circumfrence, bulging anterior fontanelle, CN III or VI dysfunction

A

hydrocephalus

21
Q

possible complications of CSF shunt for hydrocele (3)

A

drains too much or too little:
obstruction
infection
cathether length

22
Q

fever, headache, abdominal pain, fatigue, elevated BP could indicate what in a pt w/ shunt?

A

shunt complications

23
Q

progressive weakness, cardiomyopathy, mild intellectual impairment, progressive proliferation of connective tissue in muscle

A

muscular dystrophy

24
Q

which kind of muscular dystrophy is less severe?

A

Becker

25
Q

Gower’s sign indicates?

A

muscular dystrophy

26
Q

how do you diagnose muscular dystrophy (4)

A

muscle biopsy
abscence of dystrophin protein
EMG
serum CPK levels

27
Q

acute idiopathic polyneuritis

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

28
Q

inflammatory peripheral neuropathy

A

Guillain Barre syndrome

29
Q

ascending, rapid loss of motor strength, symmetric weakness, sensory symptoms w/out deficits, loss of DTRs, ANS dysfunction

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

30
Q

Guillain-Barre etiology

A

post-infectious, resp. or GI- commonly Campylobacter jejuni

31
Q

autoimmune, antibodies form against ACh nicotinic receptors at NMJ- affects striated muscles

A

myasthenia gravis

32
Q

ptosis, diplopia, opthalmoplegia, weakness of face/extremities, dysphagias. Symptoms increase throughout day or with exertion

A

myasthenia gravis

33
Q

developmental motor delay, progressive weakness of LMN due to degeneration of anterior horn cells

A

spinal muscle atrophy syndrome

34
Q

progressive, flaccid weakness; decreased spontaneous movements, hypotonia, decrease or loss of DTR, fasciculations & muscle atrophy. Difficulty sitting, failure to stand, increased drooling

A

Spinal Muscle Atrophy Syndrome

35
Q

headache, n/v, loss of balance, speech issues, sleepiness, personality changes, new onset seizures

A

pediatric brain tumor

36
Q

peds neuro eval includes?

A

ROS/hx
head circumference
fontanelles
CN evaluation

37
Q

developmental delay definition

A

not reaching a milestone 2 standard deviations below the norm

38
Q

screening test for developmental delay

A

Denver II

Pediatrics fall 2014 (9 decks)

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