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Pediatrics fall 2014 > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

0
Q 
BONE PAIN
intermittent fever
fatigue, parlor
petechiae, purpura hepatomegaly
lymphadenopathy
A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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1
Q

Proliferation of IMMATURE LYMPHOCYTES
Down syndrome
viral infections

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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2
Q 
DX: anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
       WBC = normal or low
       neutropenia (low neutrophils?)
       peripheral smear : lymphoblasts
Dx: bone marrow biopsy
A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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3
Q

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Tx

A

Chemotherapy, HSCT

Anticipate tumor lysis syndrome: massive tumor lysis -> hyperkalemia, hyperurecemia, hyperphosphatemia, renal failure

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4
Q

MOST COMMON MALIGNANCY OF CHILDHOOD

A

ALL

“ALL kids could get ALL”

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5
Q

Unable to differentiate precursor myeloid cells into mature cells/elements

A

Acute Meyloid Leukemia (AML)

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6
Q

fatigue, pallor
bleeding
infection (fever)

A

AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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7
Q

Hyperleukocytosis!!! (WBC > 75,000) can be associated with LIFE THREATENING COMPLICATIONS = MEDICAL ER

WBC > 100,000 at Dx !!! in 25% OF PTS

A

Acute Meyloid Leukemia AML

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8
Q

AUER RODS (granular structures in cytoplasm) in peripheral smear

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia AML

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9
Q

Tx for AML

A

Chemotherapy

HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplant)

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10
Q

(Risk factors for AML)

A

often none
Down syndrome
exposure to radiation, benzene (smoking), chemotherapy drugs

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11
Q

Philadelphia Chromosome

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

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12
Q

Myeloproliferative dz

Chrom Philadelphia

A

CML

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13
Q

DX of CML

Labs: anemia, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis (>100,000)

A

Philadelphia Chrom

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14
Q

SOLID TUMOR
Younger: vomit, lethargy, irritable, macrocephaly
Older: HA, visual sx, sz, personality change, neuro deficits

A

Brain tumors

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15
Q

Dx: measure head
observe gait
MRI

A

Brain tumor

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16
Q

most common solid tumor of childhood

A

brain

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17
Q

Tx brain tumor

A

surgery, chemo, radiation

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18
Q

M>F
starts in lymph and spreads
germinal center B CELLS mutation

A

Hodgkin Dz

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19
Q 
PAINLESS CERVICAL OR SUPRACLAVICULAR ADENOPATHY,
MEDIASTINAL MASS
fever, sweats,
wgt loss, fatigue
spleno/hepatomegaly
A

Hodgkin Dz

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20
Q

REED-STERNBERG cell in bone marrow biopsy

A

Hodgkin Dz

21
Q

Hodgkin dz tx:

A

chemo, radiation

22
Q

KIDS HAVE BETTER RESPONSE TO TX THAN ADULTS in which dz?

A

Hodgkin Dz

23
Q

FAST (1-3 WEEKS)
enlarging non-tender lymphadenopathy

B sx: cough, dyspnea, orthopea, abd pain, vomiting, fever

A

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)

24
Dx of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Biopsy
25
Arise from any lymphoid tissue, B cell derived, risk with immunodeficiency syndromes and EBV
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
26
RAPIDLY PROLIFERATING, HIGH-GRADE, DIFFUSE MALIGNANCIES
NON Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
27
sympathetic nervous tissue - predominantly adrenal gland (no PNS innervation)
Neuroblastoma
28
ABDOMINAL MASS bone pain faver, wgt loss, irritable
Neuroblastoma
29
Labs: URINARY CATECHOLAMINES | skeletal survey, bone scan, biopsy
Neuroblastoma
30
Neuroblastoma tx
surgery and chemo, sometimes radiation
31
MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL TUMOR IN KIDS (OUTSIDE CNS) | 90% dx before age 5
Neuroblastoma
32
Asymptomatic abdominal mass | fever, hematuir, HTN
Nephroblastoma
33
U/S CT abd | CT chest
Nephroblastma
34
SECOND MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL TUMOR IN KIDS
Nephroblastoma
35
Tx nephroblastoma
surger, chemo, radiation
36
occurs in LONG BONES | peaks in growth spurt/adolescence
Osteosarcoma
37
bone pain with or w/o soft tissue swelling
osteosarcoma
38
Tx: SURGERY AND CHEMO = CRITICAL TO PREVENT METASTASIS
in Osteosarcoma
39
MOST COMMON PRIMARY MALIGNANCY OF BONE
Osteosarcoma
40
Wilms Tumor
Nephroblastoma
41
occurs in long bones or soft tissues NIGHT BONE PAIN fatigue, fever, wgt loss swelling/pain localized
Ewing Sarcoma
42
Dx of osteosarcoma with
bone scan
43
Tx Ewing sarcoma
chemo, surgery, radiation or combo of all 3
44
SECOND MOST COMMON PRIMARY BONE TUMOR
Ewing Sarcoma
45
WHITE PAPILLAR REFLEX
retinoblastoma
46
``` 90% dx'd before 5 yo sporatic vs inherited detailed ophtthalm exam several vision sparing therapies MOST COMMON INTRAOCULAR TUMOR ```
retinoblastoma
47
PAINLESS, ENLARGING MASS | any body part (usu head/neck)
Rhabdomyosarcoma
48
soft tissue sarcoma
Rhabdomyasarcoma
49
MOST COMMON SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA IN KIDS | 70% dx bf 10 yo
Rhabdomyosarcoma
50
enlarging abd check serum Alpha Fetal Protein (AFP) Abd US, CT, MRI Surgery, chemo, radiation, liver transplant
Hepatic tumor

Pediatrics fall 2014 (9 decks)

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