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Pediatrics fall 2014 > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

0
Q 
BONE PAIN
intermittent fever
fatigue, parlor
petechiae, purpura hepatomegaly
lymphadenopathy
A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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1
Q

Proliferation of IMMATURE LYMPHOCYTES
Down syndrome
viral infections

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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2
Q 
DX: anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
       WBC = normal or low
       neutropenia (low neutrophils?)
       peripheral smear : lymphoblasts
Dx: bone marrow biopsy
A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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3
Q

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Tx

A

Chemotherapy, HSCT

Anticipate tumor lysis syndrome: massive tumor lysis -> hyperkalemia, hyperurecemia, hyperphosphatemia, renal failure

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4
Q

MOST COMMON MALIGNANCY OF CHILDHOOD

A

ALL

“ALL kids could get ALL”

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5
Q

Unable to differentiate precursor myeloid cells into mature cells/elements

A

Acute Meyloid Leukemia (AML)

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6
Q

fatigue, pallor
bleeding
infection (fever)

A

AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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7
Q

Hyperleukocytosis!!! (WBC > 75,000) can be associated with LIFE THREATENING COMPLICATIONS = MEDICAL ER

WBC > 100,000 at Dx !!! in 25% OF PTS

A

Acute Meyloid Leukemia AML

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8
Q

AUER RODS (granular structures in cytoplasm) in peripheral smear

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia AML

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9
Q

Tx for AML

A

Chemotherapy

HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplant)

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10
Q

(Risk factors for AML)

A

often none
Down syndrome
exposure to radiation, benzene (smoking), chemotherapy drugs

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11
Q

Philadelphia Chromosome

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

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12
Q

Myeloproliferative dz

Chrom Philadelphia

A

CML

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13
Q

DX of CML

Labs: anemia, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis (>100,000)

A

Philadelphia Chrom

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14
Q

SOLID TUMOR
Younger: vomit, lethargy, irritable, macrocephaly
Older: HA, visual sx, sz, personality change, neuro deficits

A

Brain tumors

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15
Q

Dx: measure head
observe gait
MRI

A

Brain tumor

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16
Q

most common solid tumor of childhood

A

brain

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17
Q

Tx brain tumor

A

surgery, chemo, radiation

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18
Q

M>F
starts in lymph and spreads
germinal center B CELLS mutation

A

Hodgkin Dz

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19
Q 
PAINLESS CERVICAL OR SUPRACLAVICULAR ADENOPATHY,
MEDIASTINAL MASS
fever, sweats,
wgt loss, fatigue
spleno/hepatomegaly
A

Hodgkin Dz

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20
Q

REED-STERNBERG cell in bone marrow biopsy

A

Hodgkin Dz

21
Q

Hodgkin dz tx:

A

chemo, radiation

22
Q

KIDS HAVE BETTER RESPONSE TO TX THAN ADULTS in which dz?

A

Hodgkin Dz

23
Q

FAST (1-3 WEEKS)
enlarging non-tender lymphadenopathy

B sx: cough, dyspnea, orthopea, abd pain, vomiting, fever

A

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)

24
Q

Dx of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Biopsy

25
Q

Arise from any lymphoid tissue, B cell derived, risk with immunodeficiency syndromes and EBV

A

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

26
Q

RAPIDLY PROLIFERATING, HIGH-GRADE, DIFFUSE MALIGNANCIES

A

NON Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)

27
Q

sympathetic nervous tissue - predominantly adrenal gland (no PNS innervation)

A

Neuroblastoma

28
Q

ABDOMINAL MASS
bone pain
faver, wgt loss, irritable

A

Neuroblastoma

29
Q

Labs: URINARY CATECHOLAMINES

skeletal survey, bone scan, biopsy

A

Neuroblastoma

30
Q

Neuroblastoma tx

A

surgery and chemo, sometimes radiation

31
Q

MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL TUMOR IN KIDS (OUTSIDE CNS)

90% dx before age 5

A

Neuroblastoma

32
Q

Asymptomatic abdominal mass

fever, hematuir, HTN

A

Nephroblastoma

33
Q

U/S CT abd

CT chest

A

Nephroblastma

34
Q

SECOND MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL TUMOR IN KIDS

A

Nephroblastoma

35
Q

Tx nephroblastoma

A

surger, chemo, radiation

36
Q

occurs in LONG BONES

peaks in growth spurt/adolescence

A

Osteosarcoma

37
Q

bone pain with or w/o soft tissue swelling

A

osteosarcoma

38
Q

Tx: SURGERY AND CHEMO = CRITICAL TO PREVENT METASTASIS

A

in Osteosarcoma

39
Q

MOST COMMON PRIMARY MALIGNANCY OF BONE

A

Osteosarcoma

40
Q

Wilms Tumor

A

Nephroblastoma

41
Q

occurs in long bones or soft tissues
NIGHT BONE PAIN
fatigue, fever, wgt loss
swelling/pain localized

A

Ewing Sarcoma

42
Q

Dx of osteosarcoma with

A

bone scan

43
Q

Tx Ewing sarcoma

A

chemo, surgery, radiation or combo of all 3

44
Q

SECOND MOST COMMON PRIMARY BONE TUMOR

A

Ewing Sarcoma

45
Q

WHITE PAPILLAR REFLEX

A

retinoblastoma

46
Q 
90% dx'd before 5 yo
sporatic vs inherited
detailed ophtthalm exam
several vision sparing therapies
MOST COMMON INTRAOCULAR TUMOR
A

retinoblastoma

47
Q

PAINLESS, ENLARGING MASS

any body part (usu head/neck)

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

48
Q

soft tissue sarcoma

A

Rhabdomyasarcoma

49
Q

MOST COMMON SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA IN KIDS

70% dx bf 10 yo

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

50
Q

enlarging abd
check serum Alpha Fetal Protein (AFP)
Abd US, CT, MRI
Surgery, chemo, radiation, liver transplant

A

Hepatic tumor

Pediatrics fall 2014 (9 decks)

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