Neurology Liza

Question 0

Anterior fontanelle closes at how many months?

Answer 0

1-3 years!

Question 1

Posterior fontanelle closes at how many months?

Answer 1

2-3 months

Question 2

gag reflex

Answer 2

CN IX and X

Question 3

Reflex for kid to extend back up when dropped

Answer 3

Moro reflex

brainstem

Question 4

Run finger along spine and curve twds that or opposite (?) side is normal

Answer 4

Incurvation

Question 5

kids gait is wide and and unsteady - closes

Answer 5

at age 6

Question 6

inability to make vluntary smooth accurate movements

Answer 6

Ataxia

Cerebellum

Question 7

slow and stiffness of volunt movement

Answer 7

bradykinesia

Question 8

continuous involuntary random movements- occur at rest, dancing

Answer 8

chorea

Question 9

abnormal muscle contractions that lead to twisting, jerking, spasms, or stiffening at rest or during movements

Answer 9

dystonia

Question 10

very rapid and brief jerks

Answer 10

myoclonus

Question 11

increase in muscle stiffness that worsens with rapid movement and may be ass’d with increased reflexes and weakness
(cerebral palsy)

Answer 11

spasticity

Question 12

repetitive, stereotypical involuntary movements or sounds (may appear purposeful)

Answer 12

Tics

Question 13

rhythmics involuntary back and forth sharking at rest or with movement

Answer 13

tremors

Question 14

Tx for status epilepticus

Answer 14

Benzos (valium/ativan)

ABCs (what are those??)

Question 15

Infantile spams is a seizure seen in

Answer 15

West Syndrome

Question 16

Abnormal EEG in West SYndrome/Infantile spasms is called

Answer 16

Hypsarrhythmia

Question 17

West Syndrome is characterized by

Answer 17

Hypsarrhythmia (chaotic brain waves in EEG) and infantile spasms

Question 18

Onset between 4 and 8 mo

Answer 18

Infantile spasm

Question 19

Sudden bending forward is a sign of

Answer 19

Infantile spasm.West syndrome

Question 20

Occur just before sleep or upon awakening

Answer 20

Infantile spasm

Question 21

To tx infantile spasm

Answer 21

ACHT, vigabatrin, KETOGENIC diet

Poor prognosis

Question 22

most frequent permanently disabling defect

Answer 22

Spina bifida

Question 23

prevented by Folic acid

Answer 23

spina bifida

Question 24

what disorder has high incidence of LATEX allergy?

Answer 24

spina bifida

Question 25

meningoMYEcele vx meningocele

Answer 25

mMyeCele is most severe: roots expose, CFS leakage, immediate surgical closure, paralysis, CHIARI malformations

meningocele: rare, only meninges exposed, surgical repair, better

Question 26

4th ventricle enlarged
hydrocephalus
absent cerebral vermis
slow motor devt, balance
50% normal IQ

Answer 26

Dandy walker

Question 27

slowly evolving accum of CSF weeks to months
obstructed (ventricle is blocked) vs overproduction
ICP increase intracranial pressure
bulging anterior fontanelle
Tx; dueretics (temp), surgery, shunt drains fluid

Answer 27

Hydrocephalus

Question 28

Gower’s sign

Answer 28

use hands to push up from floor to standing

in duchene and becker mucular dystrophy

Question 29

sex linked recessive
around 3 yo
Dx: muscle biopsy m fiber and ST degeneration
       absence of dystrophin Ig protein
       high CPK serum level
wheelchair by age 10, dead by 20

Answer 29

duchene muscular distrophy

Question 30

duchenne tx

Answer 30

steroids, Ig ABs

Question 31

emery dreyfuss musc distrphy

Answer 31

hip and shoulder

wheelchari by 30 yo

Question 32

severe cardiomyopathy (CM) is in

Answer 32

Limb-Girdle musc dystrophy

onset 5-15 yo

Question 33

Cafe au lait spots in

Answer 33

neurofibromatosis

Question 34

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (15%)
Essential HTN
Usu not malignant but occupy space

Answer 34

Neurofibromatosis

Question 35

inflammatory peripheral neuropathy
cause: post infection
Brds: CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI , Cmv, EBV,
rapid loss of motor strength - ascending, bilateral,

Answer 35

GUILLAIN BARRE SYDROME (acute idiopathis polyneuritis(

Question 36

ABs form against Ach NICOTINIC RECEPTORS at neuromuscular jxns
(skel m and cardiac m)
Thymus involved?
Ptosis, diplopia, weakness of face, sx worse with exertion
NO MUSCLE PAIN, just weak

Answer 36

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

Question 37

progressive weakness, cant sit, cant stand, to facial weakness, death due to respiratory dysfx/infection

Answer 37

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Syndrome

Question 38

Muscular distrophy

Answer 38

Duchenne and Becker

Question 39

Which muscular dystrophy is less severe

Answer 39

Becker