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Pediatrics fall 2014 > EENT/Resp > Flashcards

EENT/Resp Flashcards

0
Q

In newborns, what is the most common etiology of conjunctivitis?

A

Chlamydia

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1
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis etiology

A

S. pnuemoniae, Haemophilis, Chlamydia

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2
Q

Kawasaki disease tx

A

intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin

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3
Q

When do you suspect Kawasaki disease? (2 factors)

A

below age 1 and above age 6

unexplained fever for more than 5 days

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4
Q

Kawasaki disease hallmarks (4)

A

non-exudative conjunctivitis
erythema of the lips and mucosa
strawberry tongue
high fever

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5
Q

confirm a corneal abrasion by using?

A

fluorescein stain

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6
Q

tx for corneal abrasion?

A

topical antibiotics, followup in 24-48h

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7
Q

bacterial infection of the nasolacrimal duct is?

A

Dacrocystitis

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8
Q

Dacrocystitis etiology

A

S. aureus, S. pnuemoniae

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9
Q

Dacrocystitis tx

A

oral and topical abx

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10
Q

Acute Otitis Media txs (3)

A

Under 6 mo old: abx
6 mo-2 y/o w/ fever of 102.2: abx
2 y/o+ w/ fever and certain diagnosis of AOM: abx

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11
Q

Otitis media w/ effusion tx?

A

None- time.

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12
Q

Frontal sinuses develop when?

A

5 y/o

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13
Q

Sphenoid sinuses develop when?

A

9 y/o

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14
Q

Thrush risk factors

A

Use of broad-spectrum abx or inhaled steroids

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15
Q

Thrush tx

A

Nystatin or oral suspension

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16
Q

Bacterial pharyngitis tx?

A

oral penicillin

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17
Q

Red uvula, petechiae, cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsilar exudate indicate?

A

Strep throat

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18
Q

severe sore throat, high fever, unilateral tonsilar swelling is caused by what infection?

A

B-hemolytic strep

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19
Q

Tx for peritonsilar abscess

A

IV antibiotics, drained by specialist

20
Q

etiology of viral croup (2)

A

Parainfluenza virus or RSV

21
Q

Treatment of mild croup

A

Cool mist, symptomatic

22
Q

Treatment of moderate croup (2)

A

Corticosteroids, nebulized racemic epinephrine

23
Q

dysphagia, drooling, distress indicate?

A

Epiglottitis

24
Q

What’s important to remember about examining epiglottitis?

A

Don’t use a tongue blade- can trigger respiratory spasms

25
Q

abrupt onset of cough, choking, wheezing in kids 12 mo - 4 years could indicate?

A

foreign body aspiration

26
Q

infection of the small airways

A

Bronchiolitis

27
Q

Tx for bronchiolitis (3)

A

B-agonist (Albuterol), nebulized epinephrine, RSV immunoglobulin

28
Q

Chronic cough w/ sputum

A

Bronchiectasis

29
Q

dilation of bronchi

A

Bronchiectasis

30
Q

thick, viscous secretions in the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestine, reproductive tract

A

Cystic fibrosis

31
Q

persistent, productive cough; hyperinflation on CXR

A

Cystic Fibrosis

32
Q

Cystic fibrosis tx (5)

A 
antibiotics
chest physiotherapy
mucolytics
steroids
bronchodilators
33
Q

Respiratory distress w/in minutes of birth, tachypnea, chest retractions, etc

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome

34
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome etiology

A

lungs aren’t matured, lack surfactant —> alveoli collapse

35
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome prophylaxis

A

glucocorticoids given to pregnant mom

36
Q

Pneumonia etiology 1-12 mos.

A

RSV1

37
Q

Pneumonia etiology 2-5 y/o

A

Parainfluenza, influenza viruses

38
Q

Pneumonia etiology 5-18 y/o

A

bacterial

39
Q

paroxysomal cough, whooping sounds, post-tussive emesis, prolonged URI, lymphocytosis

A

Pertussis

40
Q

3 phases of Pertussis are?

A

Catarrhal, Paroxysmal, Convalescent

41
Q

describe the catarrhal phase of pertussis

A

URI, fever, 1-2 weeks

42
Q

the paroxysmal phase of pertussis is

A

classic symptoms, 2-6 weeks

43
Q

pertussis treatments

A

Erythromycin, Azithromycin

44
Q

Asthma diagnosis?

A

Spirometry and rule of 2

45
Q

Rule of 2

re: asthma

A

using rescue bronchodilator more than 2x/week?
more than 2x/month at night?
refilling more than 2x/year?

46
Q

what is measured by spirometry for asthma dx

A

forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)

47
Q

asthma tx

A

Albuterol

long-acting B-agonists like Salmetrol and Formoterol (never use these alone)

48
Q

reduce risk of SIDS by?

A

sleeping baby on the back, monitoring for infant overheating, and reducing maternal smoking/exposure to smoke

Pediatrics fall 2014 (9 decks)

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