Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds > Peds infectious disease > Flashcards

Peds infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ways to measure temp in a child

A

Oral, rectal, ear, axillary, forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is defined as a fever

A

> 100.4F (38 C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a defined low grade fever

A

100.4-101F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At what fever level can cause brain damage

A

> 108F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is fever of unknown origin

A

temperature > 38.3 C (101F) for >3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Potential causes of FUO

A

Autoimmune disease, malignancy, IBD, drug fevers, thyroxicosis, familial dysautonomia, munchausen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mgmt of

A

require admission and ful septic workup, antibiotic coverage for 48 hours (amp + gent or cefotaxime)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mgmt of child aged 29 - 60 yo with fever

A

consider a full septic workup, cansider admit if CRP >6, WBC 15000, F/u in 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is mgmt of fever in child 2-6 mos

A

temp 102, CBC, blod culture, UA, ceftriaxone if WBC >20000 with f/u in 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the categories of fever

A

fever of short duration, fever without localizing signs, FUO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mgmt of fever in child 6-24 mos

A

temp >103, catheterized UA, catheterized urine culture, consider ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mgmt of child with temp >41.1C

A

risk of seizure, eval for infection, lower the body temp (Tylenlol or ibuprofen, tepid bath)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mgmt of child with petechiae and fever

A

N. meningitidis MC, strep pneumo, RMSF, ehrlichiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What placement of petechiae is indicative of more serious disease

A

below the nipple line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What medicines should be considered in child with fever and petechiae

A

cephalosporin, vanc, potentially doxy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the common presentation of fever in immunocomprimised children

A

fever and neutropenia (ANC 38.5C or 3 temp >38C taken 2 hours apart; no rectal temp!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are common pathogens of fever in immunocomprimised children

A

Coag-neg staph, staph aureus, E.coli, P. aeruginosa, K.pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment of fever in immunocomprimised children

A

empiric treatment x 14d or until neutropenia resolves; sephalosporin, vanc, Amphotericin B, GCSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At what age do the Kernig and Brudzinski sign show on PE

A

> 12 mos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SSx meningitis in infants

A

Bulging fontanelle, poor feeding, irritability, sleepiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SSx of increased ICP in children

A

6th nerve palsy, bradycardia with HTN, ptosis or anisocoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Generalized treatment of meningitis in kids

A

ABCs, fluid restriction, maintain IV volume, anticonvulsants for seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How often are blood cultures positive in meningitis in children

A

90% of the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Causative agents of meningitis in neonate

A

GBS, E.coli, Listeria, Klebsiella or enterobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Antibiotic treatment of meningitis in neonates

A

Cefotaxime plus ampicillin +/- gent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Causative agents of meningitis in 2mos-5yrs

A

strep pneumo, Neisseria meningitidis, HIB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Antibiotic treatment of meningitis in 2mos-5years

A

Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime and vanc (for potentially resistant strep pneumo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Causative agents of meningitis >6yrs

A

Neisseria meningitidis, strep pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Antibiotic treatment of meningitis of >6years

A

Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime and vanc (for potentially resistant strep pneumo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

SSx of pneumonia in older children

A

rales, tachypnea, URI sx, fever, chest pain and shaking chills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

SSx of pneumonia in younger children

A

fever, malaise, GI, restlessness, apprehension, chills, tachypnea, cough, grunting, NO RALES OR RONCHI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Causative agents of pneumonia in neonates

A

GBS, E.coli, Chlamydia, RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Treatment of pneumonia in neonates

A

Hospitalize, cefotaxime or ceftriaxone if bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Causative agents of pneumonia in 6mos-5years

A

strep pneumo, staph aureus, group A stret, mycoplasma, RSV, HIB, M. Tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Treatment of pneumonia in 6mos-5years

A

Amoxicillin +/- azithromycin if outpatient; Ampicillin or 3rd gen ceph +/- azithromycin if inpatient; Vanc if severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Causative agents of pneumonia in >5 years

A

Mycoplasma pneumo, chlamydia pneumoniae, strep pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Treatment of pneumonia in 5years

A

azithromycin +/- amoxicillin if outpatient; Ampicillin or 3rd gen ceph +/- azithromycin if inpatient; Vanc if severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cause of Roseloa

A

HHV-6 or HHV-7 in children 6mos - 2 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ssx of Roseloa

A

high fever 3-4 days, rash lasts 48 hours, cough, nasal congestion, OM, febrile seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Rare complication of roseloa

A

encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Presentation of Erythema Infectiosum

A

caused by parovirus, “slapped cheek” appearance, lacy reticulated rash on body, seen between 3-12 years, low fever, malaise, HA, chills, arthritis, pruritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Other name for erythema infectiosum

A

Fifth’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Presentation of rash in Fifth’s disease

A

appears on day 3-4, confluent on cheeks, reticulated, lacy pink, oval, papules and macules, lasts 2-40days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Complications of Roseola

A

arthritis (adults), aplastic crisis and severe anemia, hydrops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

SSx of varicella

A

prodrome of fever, respiratory sx, malasie, HA, descending rash of successive CROPS of red macules, vesicles to crust to scab, pruritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

When do you give acyclovir in children with varicella

A

13yrs or older with respiratory issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What do you give for postexposure varicella in immunocompromised patients

A

VZIG, IV acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the peak age if rubella

A

6-9 ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Another name for rubella

A

German Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

SSX of rubella

A

anorexia, malasie, conjunctivitis, HA, low-grade fever URI, lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Exanthem of rubella

A

Starts on face and descends with pink maculs and papules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Enthanem of rubella

A

rose-colored spots on soft palate (Forschheimer spots)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Another name for rubeola

A

Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

SSx of rubeola

A

coryza, hacking, bark-like cough, conjuctivitis, photophobia, malasie, periorbital edema, lymphadenopathy, Koplik’s spots

55
Q

Rash presentation in rubeola

A

descending rash begins behind ears, erythematous, maculopapular, becoming confluent, fading to yellow

56
Q

When do you give measles vaccine

A

12mos to 4-6 years

57
Q

treatment of measles

A

High dose vitamin A and support

58
Q

Precipitating factors for HSV1 outbreak

A

sunlight, stress, illness or local trauma,

59
Q

SSx of primary HSV1

A

mild or severe fever, sore throat and lymphadenopathy, grouped vesicles, may heal in 2-4 weeks

60
Q

SSx of recurrent HSV 1

A

prodrome of tingling, itching, burning, small localized crop of blisters, heals in 1-2 weeks, absents systemic sx

61
Q

Treatment of primary HSV 1

A

IV or oral acyclovir, acetaminophen, IV hydration

62
Q

Treatment of recurrent HSV 1

A

acyclovir at start of sx, topical pencyclovir

63
Q

When do you start prophylaxis of HSV 1

A

> 6 recurrence per year

64
Q

What are the peak age for mumps

A

5-14 years

65
Q

What is mumps contagious

A

2 days prior to sxs to 5 days after

66
Q

SSx of mumps parotitis

A

salivary gland tenderness and swelling, fever, facial lymphedema, orchitis, oophoritis, meningoencephalitis

67
Q

How often does mumps affect the testicles in males

A

1/3 of psotpubertal males with 1/3 testicle atrophy

68
Q

Pathogen causing infectious mononucleosis

A

EBV

69
Q

SSx of mononucleosis

A

fever, fatigue, malasie, lymphadenopathy, exudative pharyngitis, HSM, atypical lymphocytosis

70
Q

treatment of rash in mononucleosis

A

penicillins

71
Q

Complications of Infectious mononucleosis

A

airway obstruction, neuro, hematologic, orchitis, myocarditis

72
Q

Cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease

A

coxsacie A16 virus or enterovirus 71, highly contagious

73
Q

SSx of hand-foot-and-mouth

A

lowgrade fever, malaise, abd pain, respiratory sx, painful ulcerative oral lesions, less than 100 cutaneous lesions, palms and soles involved

74
Q

Treatment of hand-foot-and-mouth

A

acetaminophen, benadryl, kaopectate, maalox mouthwash

75
Q

Primary age of infection of adenovirus

A
76
Q

SSx of adenovirus

A

pharyngitis, fever, rhinitis, cough, exudative tonsillitis, om, adenopathy, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, morbilliform rash that may be petechial

77
Q

Complications of adenovirus

A

acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, croup, bronchilitis, hemorrhagic cysitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis

78
Q

What is the most prognostic indicator in severity of meningitis

A

CSF glucose count

79
Q

SSx of enterovirus

A

febrile, common cold, pharyngitis, herpangina, stomatitis, pneumonia, rash, neuro, GI, Eye, heart

80
Q

Rash presentation in enterovirus

A

macular, maculopapular on trunk or palms and soles

81
Q

neurologic presentation of enterovirus

A

aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis

82
Q

GI presentation of enterovirus

A

vomiting, diarrhea, abd pain, hepatitis

83
Q

eye presentation of enterovirus

A

acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

84
Q

heart presentation of enterovirus

A

myocarditis, pericarditis

85
Q

What are the viral exanthems reportable to health dept

A

measles/rubeola, rubella, mumps, varicella

86
Q

Age presentaiton in scarlet fever

A

children 2-10 years old

87
Q

SSx of scarlet fever

A

fever, strawberry tongue, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy

88
Q

Rash presentation in scarlet fever

A

exotoxin mediated, appears 1-3 days prior to fever, diffuse erythema, sandpaper texture, confluent petechiae in skin folds, NO palms and soles, perioral sparing

89
Q

when does the rash of scarlet fever desquamate

A

7-14 days

90
Q

what is pastia sign

A

confluent petechiae n skin folds; scarlet fever

91
Q

treatment of scarlet fever

A

PCN, erythromycin, macrolides, or 1st gen ceph

92
Q

Cause of Scalded skin syndrome

A

toxin mediated disease caused by staphylococcal toxins A and B, source of infection is URI, conjunctiva, ear

93
Q

Main age group of Scalded skin syndrome

A
94
Q

SSx of Scalded skin syndrome

A

irritability, low to absent fever, abrupt onset of eyrthema, painfuls skin,

95
Q

Where are the most prominent places for Scalded skin syndrome to present

A

mainly periorally, periorbitally and on flexor surfaces

96
Q

What is Nikolsky’s sign

A

separation of the epidermis

97
Q

treatment of Scalded skin syndrome

A

systemic antistaphylococcal drugs, topical mupirocin, silvadene, rash resloves in 2 weeks

98
Q

What is the pathogen that causes meningococcemia

A

Neisseria meningitidis

99
Q

what is the most common serotype of meningococcemia

A

B

100
Q

What are the serotypes of meningococcemia

A

A, B, C, Y, W-135

101
Q

What is the most common age to develop meningococcemia

A

under 5 years, highest attack rate is 1st year of life

102
Q

SSx of meningococcemia

A

high fever, HA, nausea, marked toxicity, hypotension

103
Q

Rash presentation of meningococcemia

A

bright pink, tender macules or papules over extremities and trunk - petechiae - purpura

104
Q

what can fulminant meningococcemia progress to

A

DIC, massive skin, mucosal hemorrhages and shock

105
Q

Treatment of meningococcemia

A

Aggressive treatment with vanc and ceftriaxone initially, PCN G, cefotaxime or certriaxone with cultures, fluids, heparin if DIC

106
Q

Impetigo is what?

A

Bacterial infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis; caused by S. aureus or streptococcus pyogenes

107
Q

Rash presentation of impetigo

A

erythematous papules that progresses to vesicles and bullae then breaks down leving honey-colored crust, lesions spread easily

108
Q

Treatment of GAS impetigo

A

topical treatment with mupirocin, oral PCN

109
Q

Treatment with s. aureus impetigo

A

topical treatment with mupirocin, clindamycin, 1st gen ceph (MSSA only)

110
Q

Causative agent of erysipelas

A

GAS

111
Q

What does erysipelas affect

A

superficial layers of skin and underlying connective tissue

112
Q

Age of onset of erysipelas

A

young children

113
Q

SSx of erysipelas

A

skin over affected area is swollen, red, hot, very tender, raised advancing edges and sharply demarcated borders; more superficial than cellulitis

114
Q

Treatment of erysipelas

A

PCN, amoxicillin, 1st gen ceph

115
Q

Causative agent of RMSF

A

Rickettsia Ricketsii

116
Q

SSx of RMSF

A

high fever, periorbital HA, myalgia, toxic appearance, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, irriability, conjunctivitis, splenomegaly

117
Q

Rash presentation of RMSF

A

PALMS AND SOLES, maculopapular, extremities and spreads inward, petechial,

118
Q

Complications of RMSF

A

DIC, shock, purpura fuminans

119
Q

Treatment of RMSF

A

doxy for all children x 10 days

120
Q

What is Kawasaki’s syndrome

A

Acute febrile illness/systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, most often affects boys and children

121
Q

What is the peak age of Kawasaki’s syndrome

A

2 years

122
Q

Complications of untreated Kawasaki’s syndrome

A

coronary artery aneurisms leading to sudden death later

123
Q

When is peal mortality of Kawasaki’s syndrome

A

15-45 days after onset of fever

124
Q

How long must the fever be present to quality for Kawasaki’s

A

5 days

125
Q

What are the other principle features of Kawasaki’s besides fever

A

bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection w/o exudate, polymorphous exanthem, cervical lymphadenopathy, changes in lips and oral cavity, changes in extremities

126
Q

What are the mouth presentations of Kawasaki’s

A

erythema, lips cracking, strawberry tongue, diffuse injection of oral and pahryngeal mucosae

127
Q

What are the extremity changes in Kawasaki’s

A

Acute: erythema of palms and soles, edema of hands and feet; subacute: periungual peeling of fingers/toes in weeks 2-3

128
Q

Treatment of Kawasaki’s disease

A

IVIG w/in 10 days, ASA high dose, warning about Rye syndrome, flu vaccine, MMR and Varicell deferred for 11 mos after IVIG

129
Q

Most common age of SJS presentation

A

2-10 years

130
Q

Most common reason for SJS

A

adverse med reaction to NSAIDs, sulfonamides, anticonvulsants

131
Q

Prodrome of SJS

A

fever, HA, sore throat, malasie, cough, vomiting, diarrhea

132
Q

Mucosal involvement of SJS

A

at least two mucosal surfaces, target lesions

133
Q

Eye presentation of SJS

A

redness, swelling, bullae, denuded erosions on conjunctivae, pain or photophobia, scarring

134
Q

Treatment of SJS

A

fluids, xeroform dressings, D/c meds, prevent bacterial infections, ophthalmalogical eval, IVIG

Peds (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions