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Peds > Peds Derm > Flashcards

Peds Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What is a macule

A

flat, nonpalpable lesion

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2
Q

What is a patch

A

similar to a macule, but > 1 cm in diameter

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3
Q

What is a papule

A

Elevated, solid lesion

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4
Q

What is a plaque

A

similar to papule, but > 1 cm in diameter; has rounded surface in contrast to a plaque

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5
Q

What is a nodule

A

Similar to a papule, but > 1 cm in diameter; has a rounded surface in contrast to a plaque

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6
Q

What is a tumor

A

Similar to nodule, but implies a neoplastic growth rather than an inflammatory process

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7
Q

What is a vesicle

A

Fluid-filled (usually clear or straw-colored) epidermal lesion

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8
Q

What is a bulla

A

Similar to vesicle, but > 1 cm in diameter

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9
Q

What is a pustule

A

Pus-filled epidermal lesion, which may have an initial papular phase and often is surrounded by erythema

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10
Q

What is a purpura

A

Macule or papule resulting from extravasated blood into the skin; does not blanch with pressure

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11
Q

What is petechia

A

Similar to purpura but less than a few millimeters in diameter

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12
Q

What is ecchymosis

A

larger, hemorrhagic patch or plaque resulting from extravasated blood

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13
Q

What is a wheal (hive)

A

Pink, edematous papules and plaques that vary greatly in size and configuration; characteristized by transient nature with individual lesions resolving within 24 hours

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14
Q

What is telangiectasia

A

collection of small superficial red blood vessels

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15
Q

What is milia

A

superficial, white, small epidermal keratin cysts

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16
Q

What is comedo

A

Plug of keratin and sebum withing the orifice of a hair follicle, which can be open (whitehead) or closed (blackhead); characteristics lesion of acne vulgaris

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17
Q

What is a cyst

A

Papule or nodule with an epidermal lining composed of fluid or solid material

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18
Q

What is a scale

A

Results from abnormal keratinization; may be fine or sheetlike

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19
Q

What is a crust

A

Dried collection of serum and cellular debris

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20
Q

What is a erosion

A

Shallow depression with loss of the superficial epidermis

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21
Q

What is an ulcer

A

Deeper depression with loss of the entire epidermis into dermis; heals with scarring

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22
Q

What is atrophy

A

Thinning of epidermis (surface appears shiny and translucent) or dermis (skin is depressed)

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23
Q

What is a scar

A

Thickened, firm and discolored collection of connective tissue that results from dermal damage; initially pink, but lightens with time

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24
Q

What is sclerosis

A

Circumscribed or diffuse hardening of skin

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25
Q

What is lichenification

A

Accentuated skin lines/markings that results from thickening of the epidermis

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26
Q

What is excoriation

A

Superficial linear erosion that is caused by scratching

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27
Q

What is fissure

A

Linear break within the skin surface that usually is painful

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28
Q

What does distribution mean

A

Location of initial lesion, the manner in which lesion spread, and location at time of presentation

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29
Q

What does a pattern refer to

A

Shape/arrangement, occuring centripetally, symmetric or asymmetric, palms, soles or face, sun-exposed areas

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30
Q

What does organization mean

A

how the lesions are organized in group

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31
Q

What are the types of dermatitis

A

atopic, seborrheic, and contact

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32
Q

What is atopic dermatitis

A

Chronic, relapsing skin disease characterized by xerosis, pruritus, and characteristic skin findings; Erythematous papules or plaques with ill-defined borders and overlying scale or hyperkeratosis.

33
Q

What is the etiology of atopic dermatitis

A

defective skin barrier, reduced innate immune responses, exaggerated immune responses to allergens and microbes

34
Q

What are the 3 phases of atopic dermatitis

A

infantile phase, childhood phase, adult phase

35
Q

what is the infantile phase of atopic dermatitis

A

affects the face and extensor surfaces of the extremities and is often generalized. Infant to 2 yrs of age

36
Q

What is the childhood phase of atopic dermatitis

A

lesions predominate in flexural surfaces (antecubital and popliteal fossae), wrists, ankles, hands, and feet . 2 yrs to puberty

37
Q

What is the adult phase of atopic dermatitis

A

occurs after puberty and manifests in the flexural areas including the neck, as well as predominant involvement on the face, dorsa of the hands, fingers and toes, and the upper arms and back

38
Q

What is the management of atopic dermatitis

A

bland emollients, avoidance of triggers, topical corticosteroids twice daily, control of pruritus

39
Q

When is irritant contact dermatitis observed

A

after the skin surface is exposed to an irritating chemical or substance.

40
Q

What is allergic contact dermatitis

A

is a cell-mediated immune reaction, also called type IV or delayed-type hypersensitivity.

41
Q

What is irritant contact dermatitis

A

is characterized by ill-defined, scaly, pink or red patches and plaques

42
Q

What is the presentation of acute allergic contact dermatitis

A

Acute lesions are bright pink, pruritic patches, often in linear or sharply marginated bizarre configurations. Within the patches are clear vesicles and bullae.

43
Q

What is the presentation of chronic allergic contact dermatitis

A

Chronic lesions are pink, scaly, pruritic plaques, often mimicking atopic dermatitis.

44
Q

What is the management of contact dermatitis

A

topical corticosteroids, maybe oral antihistamines

45
Q

What are the complications of contact dermatitis

A

superinfection of diaper dermatitis by C. albicans

46
Q

What is the description of staphylococcal diaper dermatitis

A

primary or secondary to irritant diaper dermatitis, thin walled-pustules on erythematous base, may rupture

47
Q

What is the treatment of staphylococcal diaper dermatitis

A

oral and topical antibiotics

48
Q

What is the presentation of infant seborrheic dermatitis

A

cradle cap - or dermatitis in the intertriginous areas of the axillae, groin, antecubital and popliteal fossae, and umbilicus.

49
Q

What is the presentation in adolescents of seborrheic dermatitis

A

dandruff

50
Q

What is cradle cap

A

thick, greasy and waxy, yellow-white scaling and crusting of the scalp; mainly on the vertex of the scalp

51
Q

What is the management of seborrheic dermatitis

A

oril in cradle cap; daily shampooing with ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, or salicyclic acid shampoos

52
Q

What are the types of fungal infections

A

tinea capitis, corporis, manus, pedia, versicolor

53
Q

What are dermatophytes

A

fungi that thrive in nonviable keratinized tissue

54
Q

What is the treatment of fungal skin lesions

A

4-6 weeks and 2 weeks after resolution

55
Q

What is tinea corporis

A

Small-to-large, scaling, sharply marginated plaques with or without pustules or vesicles; 1-10 cm in diameter, red to pink to brown in color

56
Q

What age group is tinea corporis associated with

A

young children

57
Q

What is the infection usually acquired from

A

active lesion from an animal or soil

58
Q

What is the treatment for tinea corporis

A

topical imidazoles or ciclopirox olamine for 7-10 day; griseofulvin or terbinafine orally

59
Q

What is tinea capitis

A

a dermatophytic infection of the hair shaft

60
Q

what is the transmission routes of tinea capitis

A

brushes, combs, towels, pillowcases, hats

61
Q

What are the ssx of tinea capitis

A

loss of hair, sx appear within 2-4 days after exposure, pain and tenderness, lesions may be present weeks to months

62
Q

What is the diagnosis of tinea capitis

A

Wood’s Lamp examination, microscopic examination with 10% KOH, fungal culture

63
Q

What is the treatment of tinea capitis

A

Griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole

64
Q

What are the ssx of tinea pedis

A

scaling, maceration, vesicles and bullae, located in 3rd and 4th interdigital spaces, sole, especially the arch

65
Q

What is the treatment of tinea pedis

A

topical antifungals apply 2x per day for 2-6 weeks then additional week

66
Q

What is tinea manuum

A

chronic dermatophytosis of the hand, onychomycosis often present

67
Q

What are the ssx of tinea manuum

A

hyperkeratosis, erythematous patchy, scaling papules on dorsum of hand and sides of fingers, may have vesicles in clusters

68
Q

What is the treatment of tinea manuum

A

topical or oral antifungals, oral terbinafine or itraconazole if onchomycosis present

69
Q

What is tinea versicolor

A

Chronic, asymptomatic superficial yest infection of the trunk, neck, upper back and shoulders

70
Q

What do the lesions of tinea versicolor look like

A

Sharply marginated round or oval macules with fine scale 5mm to several cm in diameter

71
Q

what is the treatment of tinea versicolor

A

antifungal shampoos, and antifungal creams

72
Q

What is candidal diaper dermatitis

A

satelliet lesions, bright red (orangish red), macerated, sore, painful, irritated skin, Erythematous papules and pustules coalescing into plaques with erosions

73
Q

What is the treatment of candidal diaper dermatitis

A

Nystatin

74
Q

What are the ssx of impetigo

A

single erythematous papulocesicle, honeycolored crusted lesions, most often on face, mouth, nares, and extremities

75
Q

what is the most common pathology of impetigo

A

S. aureus or Group A strep

76
Q

what is the treatment of impetigo

A

Topical 2% mupirocin or oral antibiotics

77
Q

What is Kawasaki syndrome

A

Systemic vasculitis characterized by high fever, lymphadenopathy and mucocutaneous lesions

78
Q

What is the presentation of Kawasaki syndrome

A

fever for 5+ days plus: bilateral conjunctival injection, changes or oropharynx, changes in peripheral extremitis, nonvesicular trunkal rash, cervical lymphadenopathy

Peds (16 decks)

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