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Peds Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What is a macule

A

flat, nonpalpable lesion

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2
Q

What is a patch

A

similar to a macule, but > 1 cm in diameter

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3
Q

What is a papule

A

Elevated, solid lesion

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4
Q

What is a plaque

A

similar to papule, but > 1 cm in diameter; has rounded surface in contrast to a plaque

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5
Q

What is a nodule

A

Similar to a papule, but > 1 cm in diameter; has a rounded surface in contrast to a plaque

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6
Q

What is a tumor

A

Similar to nodule, but implies a neoplastic growth rather than an inflammatory process

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7
Q

What is a vesicle

A

Fluid-filled (usually clear or straw-colored) epidermal lesion

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8
Q

What is a bulla

A

Similar to vesicle, but > 1 cm in diameter

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9
Q

What is a pustule

A

Pus-filled epidermal lesion, which may have an initial papular phase and often is surrounded by erythema

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10
Q

What is a purpura

A

Macule or papule resulting from extravasated blood into the skin; does not blanch with pressure

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11
Q

What is petechia

A

Similar to purpura but less than a few millimeters in diameter

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12
Q

What is ecchymosis

A

larger, hemorrhagic patch or plaque resulting from extravasated blood

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13
Q

What is a wheal (hive)

A

Pink, edematous papules and plaques that vary greatly in size and configuration; characteristized by transient nature with individual lesions resolving within 24 hours

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14
Q

What is telangiectasia

A

collection of small superficial red blood vessels

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15
Q

What is milia

A

superficial, white, small epidermal keratin cysts

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16
Q

What is comedo

A

Plug of keratin and sebum withing the orifice of a hair follicle, which can be open (whitehead) or closed (blackhead); characteristics lesion of acne vulgaris

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17
Q

What is a cyst

A

Papule or nodule with an epidermal lining composed of fluid or solid material

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18
Q

What is a scale

A

Results from abnormal keratinization; may be fine or sheetlike

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19
Q

What is a crust

A

Dried collection of serum and cellular debris

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20
Q

What is a erosion

A

Shallow depression with loss of the superficial epidermis

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21
Q

What is an ulcer

A

Deeper depression with loss of the entire epidermis into dermis; heals with scarring

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22
Q

What is atrophy

A

Thinning of epidermis (surface appears shiny and translucent) or dermis (skin is depressed)

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23
Q

What is a scar

A

Thickened, firm and discolored collection of connective tissue that results from dermal damage; initially pink, but lightens with time

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24
Q

What is sclerosis

A

Circumscribed or diffuse hardening of skin

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25
What is lichenification
Accentuated skin lines/markings that results from thickening of the epidermis
26
What is excoriation
Superficial linear erosion that is caused by scratching
27
What is fissure
Linear break within the skin surface that usually is painful
28
What does distribution mean
Location of initial lesion, the manner in which lesion spread, and location at time of presentation
29
What does a pattern refer to
Shape/arrangement, occuring centripetally, symmetric or asymmetric, palms, soles or face, sun-exposed areas
30
What does organization mean
how the lesions are organized in group
31
What are the types of dermatitis
atopic, seborrheic, and contact
32
What is atopic dermatitis
Chronic, relapsing skin disease characterized by xerosis, pruritus, and characteristic skin findings; Erythematous papules or plaques with ill-defined borders and overlying scale or hyperkeratosis.
33
What is the etiology of atopic dermatitis
defective skin barrier, reduced innate immune responses, exaggerated immune responses to allergens and microbes
34
What are the 3 phases of atopic dermatitis
infantile phase, childhood phase, adult phase
35
what is the infantile phase of atopic dermatitis
affects the face and extensor surfaces of the extremities and is often generalized. Infant to 2 yrs of age
36
What is the childhood phase of atopic dermatitis
lesions predominate in flexural surfaces (antecubital and popliteal fossae), wrists, ankles, hands, and feet . 2 yrs to puberty
37
What is the adult phase of atopic dermatitis
occurs after puberty and manifests in the flexural areas including the neck, as well as predominant involvement on the face, dorsa of the hands, fingers and toes, and the upper arms and back
38
What is the management of atopic dermatitis
bland emollients, avoidance of triggers, topical corticosteroids twice daily, control of pruritus
39
When is irritant contact dermatitis observed
after the skin surface is exposed to an irritating chemical or substance.
40
What is allergic contact dermatitis
is a cell-mediated immune reaction, also called type IV or delayed-type hypersensitivity.
41
What is irritant contact dermatitis
is characterized by ill-defined, scaly, pink or red patches and plaques
42
What is the presentation of acute allergic contact dermatitis
Acute lesions are bright pink, pruritic patches, often in linear or sharply marginated bizarre configurations. Within the patches are clear vesicles and bullae.
43
What is the presentation of chronic allergic contact dermatitis
Chronic lesions are pink, scaly, pruritic plaques, often mimicking atopic dermatitis.
44
What is the management of contact dermatitis
topical corticosteroids, maybe oral antihistamines
45
What are the complications of contact dermatitis
superinfection of diaper dermatitis by C. albicans
46
What is the description of staphylococcal diaper dermatitis
primary or secondary to irritant diaper dermatitis, thin walled-pustules on erythematous base, may rupture
47
What is the treatment of staphylococcal diaper dermatitis
oral and topical antibiotics
48
What is the presentation of infant seborrheic dermatitis
cradle cap - or dermatitis in the intertriginous areas of the axillae, groin, antecubital and popliteal fossae, and umbilicus.
49
What is the presentation in adolescents of seborrheic dermatitis
dandruff
50
What is cradle cap
thick, greasy and waxy, yellow-white scaling and crusting of the scalp; mainly on the vertex of the scalp
51
What is the management of seborrheic dermatitis
oril in cradle cap; daily shampooing with ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, or salicyclic acid shampoos
52
What are the types of fungal infections
tinea capitis, corporis, manus, pedia, versicolor
53
What are dermatophytes
fungi that thrive in nonviable keratinized tissue
54
What is the treatment of fungal skin lesions
4-6 weeks and 2 weeks after resolution
55
What is tinea corporis
Small-to-large, scaling, sharply marginated plaques with or without pustules or vesicles; 1-10 cm in diameter, red to pink to brown in color
56
What age group is tinea corporis associated with
young children
57
What is the infection usually acquired from
active lesion from an animal or soil
58
What is the treatment for tinea corporis
topical imidazoles or ciclopirox olamine for 7-10 day; griseofulvin or terbinafine orally
59
What is tinea capitis
a dermatophytic infection of the hair shaft
60
what is the transmission routes of tinea capitis
brushes, combs, towels, pillowcases, hats
61
What are the ssx of tinea capitis
loss of hair, sx appear within 2-4 days after exposure, pain and tenderness, lesions may be present weeks to months
62
What is the diagnosis of tinea capitis
Wood's Lamp examination, microscopic examination with 10% KOH, fungal culture
63
What is the treatment of tinea capitis
Griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole
64
What are the ssx of tinea pedis
scaling, maceration, vesicles and bullae, located in 3rd and 4th interdigital spaces, sole, especially the arch
65
What is the treatment of tinea pedis
topical antifungals apply 2x per day for 2-6 weeks then additional week
66
What is tinea manuum
chronic dermatophytosis of the hand, onychomycosis often present
67
What are the ssx of tinea manuum
hyperkeratosis, erythematous patchy, scaling papules on dorsum of hand and sides of fingers, may have vesicles in clusters
68
What is the treatment of tinea manuum
topical or oral antifungals, oral terbinafine or itraconazole if onchomycosis present
69
What is tinea versicolor
Chronic, asymptomatic superficial yest infection of the trunk, neck, upper back and shoulders
70
What do the lesions of tinea versicolor look like
Sharply marginated round or oval macules with fine scale 5mm to several cm in diameter
71
what is the treatment of tinea versicolor
antifungal shampoos, and antifungal creams
72
What is candidal diaper dermatitis
satelliet lesions, bright red (orangish red), macerated, sore, painful, irritated skin, Erythematous papules and pustules coalescing into plaques with erosions
73
What is the treatment of candidal diaper dermatitis
Nystatin
74
What are the ssx of impetigo
single erythematous papulocesicle, honeycolored crusted lesions, most often on face, mouth, nares, and extremities
75
what is the most common pathology of impetigo
S. aureus or Group A strep
76
what is the treatment of impetigo
Topical 2% mupirocin or oral antibiotics
77
What is Kawasaki syndrome
Systemic vasculitis characterized by high fever, lymphadenopathy and mucocutaneous lesions
78
What is the presentation of Kawasaki syndrome
fever for 5+ days plus: bilateral conjunctival injection, changes or oropharynx, changes in peripheral extremitis, nonvesicular trunkal rash, cervical lymphadenopathy

Peds (16 decks)

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