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Peds > Peds ENT > Flashcards

Peds ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Qtitis Externa definition

A

infection of the outer ear canal resulting in skin breakdown

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2
Q

Risk factors for otitis externa

A

swimming, excessive cleaning or scratching, devices

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3
Q

Common pathogens of otitis externa

A

P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and fungi

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4
Q

Ssx of otitis externa

A

otalgia, pruritis, discharge, hearing loss, tragal tenderness

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5
Q

Mgmt of otitis externa

A

remove debris, topical antibiotics, ear wick if needed, pain control

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6
Q

what is acute otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

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7
Q

what are the common pathogens in acute otitis media

A

strep pneumo, non-typable H. flu, M. Cat

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8
Q

ssx of acute otitis media

A

otalgia, irritablility, fever, pain, anorexia, vomiting

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9
Q

mgmt of acute otitis media

A

ear drops, Tylenol, ibuprofen

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10
Q

What is serous otitis media

A

presence of middle ear effusion without signs of acute infection

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11
Q

mgmt of serous otitis media

A

amoxicillin 10-14 days, myringotomy tube placement

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12
Q

what is audiometry

A

subjectively evaluates hearing

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13
Q

what are the 4 types of audiometry

A

behavioral observational 5

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14
Q

What is typanometry

A

measures TM compliance, rapidly identifies effusion in infants >6mos

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15
Q

What is the MCC for conductive hearing loss

A

fluid in middle ear

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16
Q

What other system is checked with ear abn

A

kidney

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17
Q

What is the etiology of allergic rhinitis

A

type 1 IgE allergic response; early - mast cell degranulation and histamine release; late - chronic nasal congestion d/t other cell involvement

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18
Q

What are the causes of perennial allergic rhinitis

A

dust mites, animal dander, mold, cockroaches

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19
Q

what is the allergic salute

A

pushing up tip of nose with hand resulting in transverse nasal crease

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20
Q

what is the palatal click

A

scratch palate with tongue resulting in click

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21
Q

mgmt of allergic rhinitis

A

nasal steroids, antihistamines, montelukast

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22
Q

ssx of acute viral rhinitis

A

sudden onset of clear or mucoid rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, +/- fever, +/- sore throat

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23
Q

duration of acute viral rhinitis

A

7-14 days

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24
Q

tx of acute viral rhinitis

A

ibuprofen/tylenol, humdified air, saline nasal drops, cough suppressants

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25
Q

MCC pathogens in sinusitis

A

strep pneumo, H. flu, M. Cat, Beta hemolytic strep

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26
Q

ssx of sinusitis

A

drainage, pressure, pain, fever, fatigue, anosmia, halitosis, cough, ear fullness

27
Q

tx of sinusitis

A

amoxicillin/clavulanate then cephalosporin, bacrim, clinda if known to be strep

28
Q

presentation of nasal foreign body

A

unilateral rhinorrhea foul smell, halitosis, bleeding, snoring or wheeze

29
Q

Cause of epistaxis

A

trauma to kiesselback plexus

30
Q

mgmt of epistaxis

A

compression, cotton under lip, vasoconstriction with 1% phenylephrine, nasal silver nitrate

31
Q

MC pathogen of oral candidiasis

A

candida albicns

32
Q

ssx of oral candidiasis

A

soreness of mouth, anorexia, white, curd-like patches on buccal muscosa

33
Q

tx of oral candidiasis

A

nystatin oral suspension q6h for 1 week

34
Q

Ssx of HSV 1

A

small ulcers on the buccal mucosa, anterior pillars, inner lips, tongue, gingiva, fever, tender cervical nodes

35
Q

tx of HSV 1

A

oral acyclovir x 7 days

36
Q

MC pathogen of herpangina

A

coxsackie A virus

37
Q

Ssx of herpangina aka HFM

A

3 mm ulcers surrounded by halo, high fever, malasie, myalgias, conjunctivitis

38
Q

ssx of hand-foot-mouth disease

A

ulcers anywhere in mouth, vesicles, pustules or papules on palms, soles, interdigital areas and buttocks

39
Q

complication of hand-foot-mouth disease

A

encephalitis

40
Q

ssx of viral pharyngitis

A

sore throat and fever

41
Q

MC pathogens of bacterial pharyngitis

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumo, C and G strep, arcanobacterium hemolyticum

42
Q

ssx of bacterial pharyngitis

A

fever and sore throat

43
Q

MCC with peritonsillar cellulitis

A

beta-hemolytic streptococcus

44
Q

ssx of peritonsillar cellulitis/abscess

A

severe sore throat, tonsil bulges medially, edematous soft palate and uvula, trismus

45
Q

tx for peritonsillar abscess

A

admit with IV PCN or clinda

46
Q

MC pathogen of retropharyngeal abscess

A

beta-hemolytic streptococci and S. aureus

47
Q

Xray presentation of retropharyngeal abscess

A

retropharyngeal space wider than C4

48
Q

tx of retropharyngeal abscess

A

IV semisynthetic PCN or clinda, immediate surgical drainage

49
Q

MC pathogen in epiglottitis

A

H flu type B

50
Q

ssx of epiglottitis

A

sudden fever, dysphagia, drooling, muffled voice, cyanosis, soft stridor, sniffing position

51
Q

tx of epiglottitis

A

Intubation, blood cultures, ceftriaxone

52
Q

viral croup aka

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

53
Q

etiology of viral croup

A

parainfluenza virus, RSV, influenza, rubeola, adenovirus, mycoplasma

54
Q

ssx of viral croup

A

barking cough, stridor, fever absent or low-grade, stridor

55
Q

Dx of viral croup

A

positive steeple sign on xray

56
Q

what is the gold standard for strep test

A

throat culture - can result in false positives, takes 24-48 hours

57
Q

when is rapid strep test used

A

when patient has anterior cervical node enlargement, palatal petechiae, beefy red uvula, tonsillar exudate

58
Q

Indications for tonsillectomy

A

obstructive sleep apnea, recurrent infections, hypertrophy

59
Q

Contraindications of tonsillectomy

A

bleeding d/o, acute tonsillar

60
Q

what is laryngomalacia

A

persistent stridor in infants worse in supine position

61
Q

What are laryngeal papillomas

A

benign warty growths

62
Q

MC etiology of laryngeal papillomas

A

HPV 6, 11, 16

63
Q

Age of onset of laryngeal papillomas

A

2-4 years

Peds (16 decks)

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