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Peds > Immunizations > Flashcards

Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

What did the national childhood vaccination injury act

A

enacted to address concerns with vaccine supply, safety and liability; legal actions against vaccine manufacturers for injury

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2
Q

When must informed consent be obtain in vaccine administration

A

every vaccine needs informed consent

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3
Q

What is active immunity

A

protection against specific antigens ganied as a result of our own immune response, slow response

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4
Q

What is passive immunity

A

Fast response, temporary immunity, preformed antibodies are transferred to the individual, does not involve host’s own immune response

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5
Q

What is a live attenuated vaccine

A

Weakened form of microorganism, does not cause disease or significant illness unless the immune system is compromised

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6
Q

What is an inactivated vaccine

A

Killed infectious agent or toxin with adequate retained properties to provoke immune response; Safer in patients with a compromised immune system; shorter-term immunity & require booster vaccinations

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7
Q

What are the Live vaccines

A

MMR, Flumist, Varicella, Rotavirus, oral polio

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8
Q

What are inactive vaccines

A

Hep A/B, influenza, injectable polio, DTaP, Hib, PCV, HPV, MCV, Tdap

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9
Q

When are live vaccines contraindicated

A

pregnancy and immunocomprismised

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10
Q

When are all vaccines contraindicated

A

severe reaction to any component or severe neurologic complications

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11
Q

What are precautions to vaccine administration

A

illness at time of shot, high fever after previous dose, seizure after previous dose, recent blood products

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12
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in newborns

A

Anterolateral thigh muscle

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13
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in infants

A

Anterolateral thigh muscle

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14
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in toddlers

A

Anterolateral thigh muscle or deltoid

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15
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in children/adolescents

A

Anterolateral thigh muscle or deltoid

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16
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in adults

A

Deltoids

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17
Q

What is the typical needle gauge used for vaccines

A

22-25

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18
Q

What is the SC injection site for vaccines in infants

A

fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh

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19
Q

What is the SC injection site for children, adolescents or adults

A

fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh or tricep

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20
Q

What is the needle length for an SC injection of vaccine

A

8-May

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21
Q

What is the typical needle gauge for SC immunizations

A

23-25

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22
Q

What are the two vaccines typically given SC

A

MMR and Varicella

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23
Q

What documentation is involved in vaccines

A

Name of Vaccine, Dose given, Lot #, expriation date, location of injection

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24
Q

How many doses are involved in the Hep B vaccine

A

3

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25
Q

What are the side effects of Hep B vaccine

A

soreness at injection site, low-grade fever, rare: allergic reaction

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26
Q

What age is the first live vaccine given

A

12 mos

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27
Q

What are the contraindications of Hep B vaccine

A

serious reaction to previous dose, hypersensitivity to yeast

28
Q

What do you give a newborn if the mother is HbsAg negative

A

Hep B vaccine within 12 hours of birth - standard practice

29
Q

What do you give a newborn if the mother is HbsAg postive

A

Hep B vaccine and HBIG within 12 hours of birth

30
Q

How soon should you give a HBIG if maternal HbsAg status is unknown at birth but later becomes positive

A

1 week

31
Q

What is the full name of Hib

A

Haemophilis influenza B

32
Q

What was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in pediatrics before vaccines

A

Hib

33
Q

What are other common infections associated with Hib

A

Pneumonia, pericarditis, otitis, epiglottis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, cellulitis

34
Q

How many doses are involved in the Hib vaccine

A

3-4 (depends on formulation)

35
Q

What are the 2 types of the neumococcal vaccine

A

PCV-13 or PPSV-23

36
Q

When do you give the PPSV-23 vaccine

A

Chronic medical conditions; need PCV series 1st

37
Q

Which type of pneumococcal vaccine is routine

A

PCV-13

38
Q

How many doses are involved in the pneumococcal vaccine

A

4 doses

39
Q

What are the side effects of pneumococcal vaccine

A

soreness, erythema at site, fever

40
Q

When should you postpone a pneumococcal vaccine

A

severe illness at time of vaccine

41
Q

Which polio vaccine is recommended for all doses of polio vaccine

A

inactivated polio

42
Q

How many doses are involved in the polio vaccine

A

4 doses

43
Q

What are contraindications of polio

A

allergic reaction to previous IPV, streptomycin, polymyxin B, or Neomycin

44
Q

What illnesses are protected with the Tdap or DTaP

A

diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis

45
Q

Which diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine is given

A

DTaP

46
Q

Which diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine is given 11-18 yo

A

Tdap

47
Q

What is the booster vaccine for patients > 7 po

A

Td (no pertussis)

48
Q

How many doses are involved in the DTaP

A

5

49
Q

What are the side effects of DTaP

A

Local soreness or erythema, fever, swelling of extremity, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, seizure, persistent crying; Very rare: continued seizure disorder, permanent brain damage

50
Q

What medicine do you prophylax the DTaP with

A

Acetometaphen

51
Q

What is the contradiction to Td

A

Guillian-Barre

52
Q

How many doses are involved in MMR

A

2

53
Q

What are the contraindications to MMR vaccine

A

allergy to gelatin, neomycin

54
Q

what are the side effects of MMR

A

mild rash, low grade fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, joint stiffness, febrile seizures, encephalitis

55
Q

How many doses are involved in varicella

A

2

56
Q

What are the side effects of varicella

A

Soreness & erythema around injection site, fever, mild

57
Q

What are the contraindications of varicella

A

pregnancy, immunosuppression, recent blood products, reactions to gelatin or neomycin

58
Q

How many doses are recommended for 1st time flu vaccine in

A

2 separated by 4 weeks

59
Q

What is the contraindication to the flu vaccine

A

eggs

60
Q

When can you give the flu shot

A

> 6 mos

61
Q

When can you give the flu nasal spray

A

> 2 yo

62
Q

What are the contraindications to flu nasal spray

A

asthma, predisposing medical conditions

63
Q

How many doses are involved in HPV

A

3

64
Q

What age is HPV recommended in both genders

A

11 and 12; up 26 in women

65
Q

What are the side effects of the flu nasal spray

A

rhinitis, congestion, fever, HA, fever, malaise, myalgia

66
Q

What are the side effects of the flu shot

A

fever, malaise, myalgia

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