Immunizations Flashcards
What did the national childhood vaccination injury act
enacted to address concerns with vaccine supply, safety and liability; legal actions against vaccine manufacturers for injury
When must informed consent be obtain in vaccine administration
every vaccine needs informed consent
What is active immunity
protection against specific antigens ganied as a result of our own immune response, slow response
What is passive immunity
Fast response, temporary immunity, preformed antibodies are transferred to the individual, does not involve host’s own immune response
What is a live attenuated vaccine
Weakened form of microorganism, does not cause disease or significant illness unless the immune system is compromised
What is an inactivated vaccine
Killed infectious agent or toxin with adequate retained properties to provoke immune response; Safer in patients with a compromised immune system; shorter-term immunity & require booster vaccinations
What are the Live vaccines
MMR, Flumist, Varicella, Rotavirus, oral polio
What are inactive vaccines
Hep A/B, influenza, injectable polio, DTaP, Hib, PCV, HPV, MCV, Tdap
When are live vaccines contraindicated
pregnancy and immunocomprismised
When are all vaccines contraindicated
severe reaction to any component or severe neurologic complications
What are precautions to vaccine administration
illness at time of shot, high fever after previous dose, seizure after previous dose, recent blood products
What is the IM injection site for vaccines in newborns
Anterolateral thigh muscle
What is the IM injection site for vaccines in infants
Anterolateral thigh muscle
What is the IM injection site for vaccines in toddlers
Anterolateral thigh muscle or deltoid
What is the IM injection site for vaccines in children/adolescents
Anterolateral thigh muscle or deltoid
What is the IM injection site for vaccines in adults
Deltoids
What is the typical needle gauge used for vaccines
22-25
What is the SC injection site for vaccines in infants
fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh
What is the SC injection site for children, adolescents or adults
fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh or tricep
What is the needle length for an SC injection of vaccine
8-May
What is the typical needle gauge for SC immunizations
23-25
What are the two vaccines typically given SC
MMR and Varicella
What documentation is involved in vaccines
Name of Vaccine, Dose given, Lot #, expriation date, location of injection
How many doses are involved in the Hep B vaccine
3
What are the side effects of Hep B vaccine
soreness at injection site, low-grade fever, rare: allergic reaction
What age is the first live vaccine given
12 mos
What are the contraindications of Hep B vaccine
serious reaction to previous dose, hypersensitivity to yeast
What do you give a newborn if the mother is HbsAg negative
Hep B vaccine within 12 hours of birth - standard practice
What do you give a newborn if the mother is HbsAg postive
Hep B vaccine and HBIG within 12 hours of birth
How soon should you give a HBIG if maternal HbsAg status is unknown at birth but later becomes positive
1 week
What is the full name of Hib
Haemophilis influenza B
What was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in pediatrics before vaccines
Hib
What are other common infections associated with Hib
Pneumonia, pericarditis, otitis, epiglottis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, cellulitis
How many doses are involved in the Hib vaccine
3-4 (depends on formulation)
What are the 2 types of the neumococcal vaccine
PCV-13 or PPSV-23
When do you give the PPSV-23 vaccine
Chronic medical conditions; need PCV series 1st
Which type of pneumococcal vaccine is routine
PCV-13
How many doses are involved in the pneumococcal vaccine
4 doses
What are the side effects of pneumococcal vaccine
soreness, erythema at site, fever
When should you postpone a pneumococcal vaccine
severe illness at time of vaccine
Which polio vaccine is recommended for all doses of polio vaccine
inactivated polio
How many doses are involved in the polio vaccine
4 doses
What are contraindications of polio
allergic reaction to previous IPV, streptomycin, polymyxin B, or Neomycin
What illnesses are protected with the Tdap or DTaP
diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
Which diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine is given
DTaP
Which diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine is given 11-18 yo
Tdap
What is the booster vaccine for patients > 7 po
Td (no pertussis)
How many doses are involved in the DTaP
5
What are the side effects of DTaP
Local soreness or erythema, fever, swelling of extremity, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, seizure, persistent crying; Very rare: continued seizure disorder, permanent brain damage
What medicine do you prophylax the DTaP with
Acetometaphen
What is the contradiction to Td
Guillian-Barre
How many doses are involved in MMR
2
What are the contraindications to MMR vaccine
allergy to gelatin, neomycin
what are the side effects of MMR
mild rash, low grade fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, joint stiffness, febrile seizures, encephalitis
How many doses are involved in varicella
2
What are the side effects of varicella
Soreness & erythema around injection site, fever, mild
What are the contraindications of varicella
pregnancy, immunosuppression, recent blood products, reactions to gelatin or neomycin
How many doses are recommended for 1st time flu vaccine in
2 separated by 4 weeks
What is the contraindication to the flu vaccine
eggs
When can you give the flu shot
> 6 mos
When can you give the flu nasal spray
> 2 yo
What are the contraindications to flu nasal spray
asthma, predisposing medical conditions
How many doses are involved in HPV
3
What age is HPV recommended in both genders
11 and 12; up 26 in women
What are the side effects of the flu nasal spray
rhinitis, congestion, fever, HA, fever, malaise, myalgia
What are the side effects of the flu shot
fever, malaise, myalgia
