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Peds > Peds Cardio > Flashcards

Peds Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

When are diastolic murmurs pathologic

A

always in children

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2
Q

What is the most common defect in those patietns with chromosomal abnormalities

A

Ventricular Septal Defects

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3
Q

What are the 5 Ts of congenital heart disease

A

Truncus Arteriousus, Transposition of the Great Arteries, Tricuspid Atresia, Tertralogy of Fallot, Total anomolous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of moderate VSD that occur in infancy

A

Dyspnea, sweating, failure to thrive, respiratory symptoms

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of large VSD

A

present 2-6 mos, breathlessness and sweating with feeding, pulm edema, cardiomegaly, harsh systolic murmur, pulm systolic ejection murmur, mitral mid-diastolic flow

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6
Q

Diagnosis of VSD/ASD

A

CXR, ECG, ECHO

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7
Q

Which type of VSD is treated initally

A

Large (6-10mm)

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8
Q

What are the levels of VSD

A

Small (

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of septal defect

A

Ostium secundum, ostium primum, sinus venosis, coronary sinus

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10
Q

What is the most common presenting symptom of ASD

A

heart murmur

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11
Q

what are the signs of ASD

A

hyperdynamic precordium, right ventricular heave, SEM in pum area, wide, fixed split S2

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12
Q

What is the 2nd most common cyanotic malformation

A

tetraolgy of Fallot

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13
Q

what determines the degree of cyanosis

A

degree of obstruction

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14
Q

what age are most children cyanotic by with tetralogy of fallot

A

4 mos

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15
Q

What are the 4 aspects of tetralogy of fallot

A

RVOT obstruction, VSD, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

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16
Q

What are ssx of tetralogy of fallot

A

may be pink in newborn, cyanosis increases over time, low borth weight, slow growth rate, DOE

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17
Q

ECG diagnostic findings of tetralogy of fallot

A

right axis deviation (>90degrees), right atrial enlargement, dominant right ventricular forces over precordial leads

18
Q

CXR shows what on tetralogy of fallot

A

boot shaped heart d/t pulmonary artery segment and upturned apex

19
Q

what is the treatment of tetralogy of fallot

A

repair and palliative surgery

20
Q

what is the term for blood bypassing the lungs and not becoming oxygenating

A

Hypercyanotic “Tet” spell

21
Q

what do you monitor for in surgical mgmt of tetralogy of fallot

A

erythrocytosis, iron deficiency, anemia, coag disorders

22
Q

what is considered a “tet” spell

A

sudden onset or deepening of cyanosis, sudden dyspnea, alterations in consciousness, decrease or disappearance of systolic murmur

23
Q

treatment of tet spells

A

oxygen, tripod position, correct acidosis, morphine, propranolol

24
Q

what is palliation treatment of tetralogy of fallot

A

betablockers, systemic arterial to pulmonary arterial anastamosis, balloon angioplasty

25
Q

what is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting in neonatal period

A

transposition of the great arteries

26
Q

what is the definition of the transposition of great arteries

A

aorta arises from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

27
Q

SSx of transposition of the great arteries

A

severely cyanotic in first hours of life, no resp distress, CHF sx, SOB, right ventricular heave, large infants, males

28
Q

what is the treatment of transposition of the great arteries

A

PGE1 to keep PDA open and increase aorta to pulmonary artery shunting, dig, diuretic therapy, rashkind balloon artial septostomy

29
Q

What are the sx of valvular aortic stenosis

A

absent often even when severe, fatigue, doe, chest pain or exertional syncope, CHF

30
Q

what are the signs of valvular aortic stenosis

A

loud, harsh systolic murmur, ejection click, aortic sound, low systolic bp, left ventricle prominent

31
Q

what is the treatment of valvular aortic stenosis

A

exercise restriction, catheter balloon valvuloplasty, surgical calcotomy

32
Q

What common disease is associated with coarctation of the aorta

A

Turner syndrome in females

33
Q

presentation of the coarctation of aorta

A

Diastolic murmurand HTN, no femoral pulses felt

34
Q

exam for coarctation of aorta

A

pink, appearing well, prominent left ventricle, systolic ejection murmur, upper extremity HTN, collateral arteries over scapulae

35
Q

treatment for infants with low coarctation of the aorta

A

prostaglandin infusion to reopen ductus arteriosis, inotropic support, corrective surgery

36
Q

treatment for infants with nonacute correction of coarctation of aorta

A

balloon angioplasty, surgical, aortic stent placement in adults, correct before age 5

37
Q

presentation of murmur in an infant

A

poor feeding, failure to thrive, tachypnea

38
Q

Presentation of left sided failure in an infant with a murmur

A

tachypnea, orthopnea, wheezing, pulmonary edema, right sided failure

39
Q

presentation of right sided failure in an infant with a a murmur

A

HSM and edema

40
Q

Presentation of shock an infant with a murmur

A

tachypnea, gallop rhythm, thready pulses

41
Q

When are prostaglandins utilized in an infant with murmur and dyspnea

A

newborns

42
Q

what is the longterm medical treatment in an infant with a murmur

A

diruetics, digoxin, surgery

Peds (16 decks)

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