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Peds > Adolescent Medicine > Flashcards

Adolescent Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of adolescence?

A

a period of development

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2
Q

What is the definition of puberty

A

a biologic process in which a child becomes an adult

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3
Q

When is early adolescence

A

10-13 years

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4
Q

when is middle adolescence

A

14-16

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5
Q

When is late adolescence

A

17-20+

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6
Q

What tanner stages are associated with early adolescence

A

1-2

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7
Q

what tanner stages are associated with middle adolescence

A

2-5

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8
Q

What tanner stages are associated with late adolescence

A

5

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9
Q

What are the sexual maturity ratings for pubic hair in boys

A

1 - none; 2 - scanty long slightly pigmented; 3 - darker, curls slightly, small amount; 4 - resembles adult type, not on thigh, coarse and curly; 5 - ault distribution, spreads to medial thigh

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10
Q

What are the sexual maturity ratings for testes in boys

A

1 - preadolescent; 2 - enlarged scrotum, pink, texture altered; 3 - larger; 4 - larger, scrotum dark; 5 - adult size

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11
Q

What are the sexual maturity ratings for penis in boys

A

1 - preadolescent; 2 - minimal change/enlargement; 3 - lengthens; 4 - larger, glands and breadth increase in size; 5 - adult size

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12
Q

What are the sexual maturity ratings for pubic hair in girls

A

1 - preadolescent; 2 - sparse, light pigmented, straight on medial border of labia; 3 - darker, beginning of curl, increased amount; 4 - coarse, curly abundant; 5 - adult type, spread to medial thigh

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13
Q

What are the sexual maturity ratings for breasts in girls

A

1 - preadolescent; 2 - breast and papilla elevated, diameter of areola increases; 3 - breast and areola enlarged, no contour separation; 4 - areola and papilla form second mound; 5 - mature nipple projection, areola part of general breast contour

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14
Q

What are the somatic early adolescent characteristics

A

secondary sex characteristics, beginning of rapid growth, awkward appearance

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15
Q

what are the somatic middle adolescent characteristics

A

height growth peaks, body shape and composition change, acne and odor, menarche/spermarche

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16
Q

what are the somatic late adolescent characteristics

A

physically mature, slower growth

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17
Q

what are the cognitive and morality characteristics of early adolescence

A

concrete operations, unable to percieve longterm outcome of current decision-making, conventional maturity

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18
Q

what are the cognitive and morality characteristics of middle adolescence

A

emergence of abstract thought, may percieve future implications but not decision making, questioning mores

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19
Q

what are the cognitive and morality characteristics of late adolescence

A

future oriented with a sense of perspective idealism, absolutism, able to think through things independently

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20
Q

What are the self-concept/identity formation characteristics of early adolescence

A

preoccupied with changing body, self-consciousness about appearance and attractiveness, fantasy and present-oriented

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21
Q

What are the self-concept/identity formation characteristics of middle adolescence

A

concerned with attractiveness, increasing introspection, “stereotypical adolescent”

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22
Q

What are the self-concept/identity formation characteristics of late adolescence

A

More stable body image, attractiveness may still be of concern, emancipation complete, firmer identity

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23
Q

What are the family characteristics of early adolescence

A

increased need for privacy, increased bid for independence

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24
Q

What are the family characteristics of middle adolescence

A

conflicts over control and independence, struggle for acceptance of greater autonomy

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25
Q

What are the family characteristics of late adolescence

A

emotional and physical separation from family, increased autonomy

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26
Q

What are the peer characteristics of early adolescence

A

seeks same-sex peer affiliation to counter instability

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27
Q

What are the peer characteristics of middle adolescence

A

intense peer group involvement, preoccupation with peer culture, peers provide behavioral example

28
Q

What are the peer characteristics of late adolescence

A

peer group values recede in importance, intimacy/possible commitment takes precendence

29
Q

what are the sexuality characteristics of early adolescence

A

increased interest in sexual anatomy, anxieties and questions about genital changes/size, limited dating and intimacy

30
Q

what are the sexuality characteristics of middle adolescence

A

testing ability to attract partner, initiation of relationships and sexual activity, questions of sexual orientation

31
Q

what are the sexuality characteristics of late adolescence

A

consolidation of sexual identity, focus on intimacy and formation of stable relationships, planning for future and commitment

32
Q

what are the relationship to society characteristics of early adolescence

A

middle school adjustment

33
Q

what are the relationship to society characteristics of middle adolescence

A

gauging skills and opportunities

34
Q

what are the relationship to society characteristics of late adolescence

A

career decisions

35
Q

what is the appropriate timing of menarche

A

2-2.5 years after breast development begins; 1-1.5 years after 2nd moud develops

36
Q

what is the general age of onset for menarche

A

9-16 yo with mean 13.46 yo

37
Q

how long will it generally take for menstrual cycle to regulate

A

2-2.5 years after menarche

38
Q

What is the definition of polymenorrhea

A

frequent bleeding intervals

39
Q

what is the definition of oligomenorrhea

A

infrequent irregular bleeding at > 45 d

40
Q

what is the definition of primary amenorrhea

A

absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 14, or normal secondary characteristics but no menarche by age 16

41
Q

what is the definition of secondary amenorrhea

A

absence of vaginal bleeding > 3 mos

42
Q

what is the definition of irregular menses

A

bleeding at variable intervals, >21 days but

43
Q

What ist he definition of hypomenorrhea

A

decreased menstrual flow and regular intervals

44
Q

what is the definition of hypermenorrhea

A

heavy menstrual flow of normal duration at regular intervals

45
Q

what is metrorrhagia

A

Intermenstrual irregular bleeding (between regular periods)

46
Q

what is menorrhagia

A

Excessive amount and duration of uterine bleeding at regular intervals

47
Q

What is metromenorrhagia

A

Frequent irregular, excessive, and prolonged episodes of uterine bleeding

48
Q

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A

Prolonged excessive menstrual bleeding associated with irregular periods: usually due to immaturity of the reproductive axis in adolescence if within the first 2 yrs of menarche

49
Q

What is Poland syndrome

A

Hypoplastic breast nipple and areola with hypoplastic ipsilateral chest wall structures

50
Q

What is physiologic leucorrhea

A

transparent, mucousy, white/yellow, usually odorless

51
Q

characteristics of bacterial vaginosis

A

STD, vaginal pH >4.5, clue cells, fishy odor, + whiff test

52
Q

Treatment of bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole

53
Q

Complications of bacterial vaginosis

A

septic abortion, premature rupture of amniotic membranes, preterm labor, preterm delivery, post-Cesarean endomyometritis, and post-hysterectomy pelvic cellulitis

54
Q

Characteristics of trichomonas

A

irritation and soreness of the vulve, perineum, and thighs, with dyspareunia and dysuria, frothy green/yellow discharge, STI

55
Q

Treatment of trichomonas

A

2 g metronidazole x 1 d

56
Q

diagnosis of trichomonas

A

wet prep, PCR

57
Q

characteristics of candidiasis

A

thick, “curdled” white discharge, vulvar pruritus, no odor

58
Q

treatment of candidiasis

A

oral/topical antifungals

59
Q

what is the definition of gynecomastia

A

mammary tissue in males, 1/3 of males in puberty, reflects estrogen-androgen imbalance

60
Q

What is Klinfelter syndrome

A

excess aromatase production

61
Q

HEADDSS is what

A

Home, Education, Activities, Drugs, Depression/suicide, Sexuality, Safety

62
Q

Aspects of an adolescent interview

A

friends, image, recreation, spirituality and connectedness, threats and violence

63
Q

PE for adolescent interview

A

Audiometry, vision screen, BP, scoliosis, breast, scrotal, pelvic, immunizations, lab tests

64
Q

Who are emancipated minors

A

Children who live away home, are no longer subject to parental control, are economically self-supporting, are married or are members of the military.

65
Q

What is the mature minor rule

A

minors are sufficiently mature to understand the nature of their illness and the potential risks and benefits of proposed therapy, and therefore, should receive such treatment on their own consent.

66
Q

What are the exceptions of confidentiality

A

child abuse/neglect, homicidal/suicidal ideation, violent injuries, STIs, mental health if potential to harm others/self

Peds (16 decks)

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