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Step 2 > peds first aid > Flashcards

peds first aid Flashcards

1
Q

most common congenital heart disease

A

VSD

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2
Q

which closes PDA and which opens?

A

indomethacin closes

PGs open

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3
Q

most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in newbrown vs child

A

newborn: transposition of great vessels
child: tetralolgy of fallot

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4
Q

CXR of tetralogy of fallot

A

boot shaped heart with decreased pulm vascular markings

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5
Q

timeline of rolling, sitting, crawling, walking, stairs

A

roll: 4-5 mo
sit: 6
crawl/stand: 9-10
walk: 12
stairs: 24

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6
Q

timeline of 3 finger vs 2 finger pincer grasp

A

3: 9-10 mo
2: 12 months

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7
Q

cutoffs for precocious vs delayed puberty in boys vs girls

A

girls: <8, >13
boys: <9, >14

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8
Q

klinefelter treatment

A

testosterone to help remove gynecomastia and improve male sex characteristiscs

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9
Q

dx and tx of intusseception

A

dx: US target sign
tx: air insufflation enema, replete lytes, surgery if periotneal signs

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10
Q

dx and tx of meckel diverticulum

A

dx: technietium 99 m scintragraphy scan
tx: surgery

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11
Q

what is this: failure to mass meconium within 48 hrs, and explosive discharge of stool following rectal exam

A

hirschprung disease

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12
Q

dx and tx of hirschprung

A

dx: barium enema (narrowed colon with proximal dilatation
; rectal biopsy confirms

tx: 2- stage surgery with diverting colostomy

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13
Q

necrotizing enterocolitis dx and tx

A

dx: radiographs- pneumoatosis intestinalis
tx: NPO, TPN, IV abx, surgery if perf or worsening

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14
Q

what is the earliest and most sensitive vital sign change in bronchiolitis?

A

increased resp rate

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15
Q

dx and tx of bronchiolitis

A

dx: clinical
tx: supportive, ribavirin if high risk

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16
Q

dx and tx of croup

A

dx: clinical; steeple sign

tx: mild- OP cool mist therapy
mod: supp O2, steroids, nebulized epi
severe: neb epi, intubation

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17
Q

dx and tx of epiglottitis

A

dx: clinical; definitive by direct fiberoptic visualization, x -ray shows thumbprint sign
tx: emergency! secure airway with intubation, IV ceftriaxone

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18
Q

kernig vs brudzinski sign

A

kernig: reluctance of knee extension to hip flexing
brud: hips flexed in response to flexion of neck

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19
Q

tx of meningitis for neonates vs older children

A

neonates: amp and cefotaxime or gent; acyclovir
kids: ceftriaxone and vancomycin

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20
Q

which child resp disorders makes kid want to sit in a neck extended tripod position?

A

epiglottitis and retropharyngeal abscess

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21
Q

age of retropharyngeal vs periotonsillar abscess

A

r: 6-mo-6 years
peritonsillar: >10 yrs

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22
Q

most common bacteria for both retropharyngeal and periotonsillar abscess

A

group A strep

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23
Q

dx of retropharyngeal vs periotonsillar abscess

A

r: lateral neck x -ray; contrast CT
p: clx

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24
Q

treatment for conjunctivitis: chlmaydia vs gonococcal vs HSV(vesicular eruptions)

A

chlamydia: topical AND oral erythromycin
gon: 3rd gen ceph

HSV: oral acyclovir and topical

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25
Q

3 stages of pertussis

A

1) catarrhal - mild URI 1-2 weeks (contagious!)
2) paroxysmal: 2-3 mo
3) convalescent- sxs wane

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26
Q

dx of pertussis

A

nasopharyngeal culture

27
Q

rash spreads how in measles and rubella

A

head to toe

28
Q

interpret apgar scores

A

8-10: healthy

4-7: observe for possible resuscitation

0-3: immediate resuscitation

29
Q

kernitcterus

A

complication of unconjugated bili (>25) deposition in basal ganglia, pons, cerebellum

can be fatal

30
Q

is phototherapy for all types of hyperbilirubenemia?

A

no- only unconjugated

conj can lead to skin bronzing

31
Q

which type of bili is physiologic?

A

unconjugated

32
Q

how to prevent resp distress syndrome in premature fetus

A

<30 weeks: pretreat mom with corticosteroids

> 30 weeks: monitor lecithin:spingomyelin ratio and phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid

33
Q

resp distress syn confirmed how?

A

CXR- air bronchograms, ground glass

34
Q

CXR of transient tachypnea of newborn

A

perihilar streaking in interlobular fissures

35
Q

two categories of cerebral palsy

A

pyramidal (spastic)- also ID- more common

extrapyrimdal (dyskinetic)= ataxic, choreo, or dystonic

36
Q

definite hand preference before 1 year is a red flag for

A

cerebral palsy

37
Q

treat spasticity sxs with

A

baclofen, dantrolene, diazepam

38
Q

febrile seizures occur in which ages

A

6 mo- 5 years

39
Q

differentiate simple vs complex seizure

A

simple: short, generalized, 1/day, high fever, return to bl
complex: long, focal, >1/day, low fever, not return to bl

40
Q

no work up needed for first time simple seizure if infant is older than

A

18 mo

41
Q

which can cross abdominal midline? neuroblastoma or wilms?

A

neuroblastoma

42
Q

which has systemic sxs? ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma?

A

ewing

43
Q

locations of ewing sarcoma vs osteosarcoma?

A

both long bone!

ewing: midshaft
osteosarcoma: metaphyses, + mets

44
Q

ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma: onion skin or sunburst

A

ewing: onion skin
osteosarcoma: sunburst

45
Q

most common fractured long bone in kids

A

clavicle

46
Q

greenstick fracture

A

imcomplete fracture- 1 side of cortex

47
Q

nursemaids elbow

A

radial head subluxation- 2/2 being pulled/lifted

48
Q

torus fracture

A

bucking of cortex 2/2 trauma (distal radius/ulna)

49
Q

most common pediatric elbow fracture in kids 5-8

A

supracondylar humerus fracture

50
Q

complications of supracondylar humerus fracture

A
  • brachial artery entrapment

- volkmann contracture - from compartment syn

51
Q

osgood schlatter is overuse of the

A

tibial tubercle

52
Q

salter-harris is fracture of the

A

growth plate in kids

53
Q

which is painful and which painless? slipped capital femoral epiphysis vs legg calves perthes

A

painless- leg calves perthes

painfuk: slipped

54
Q

which is self limiting and can be observed and which needs immediate surgical screw fixation? slipped capital femoral epiphysis vs legg calves perthes

A

self limiting: legg

surgery: slipped

55
Q

treatment for various degrees of scoliosis

A

<20: observe

20-49: brace

> 50: surgery

56
Q

keep water heater at

A

<48.8 C or 120 F

57
Q

no solid food before ___ months. No cows milk until ___ months.

A

6

12

58
Q

strabismus is normal until ___ months

A

3

59
Q

lead is screened (fingerstick) at

A

12 ane 24 months

60
Q

presentation of lead poisoning

A

intermittent abdominal pain
peripheral neuopathy- eg wrist drop
irritable, N/V

61
Q

treatment of lead poisoning at various levels

A

<45: asx- retest in 1-3 mo, remove sources

45-69: chelation- IP EDTA or OP DMSA

> 70: chelation- IP EDTA + BAL

62
Q

dx of vesicoureteral reflux

A

voiding cystourethrogram

for kids 2-24 months with multiple UTIs, have US first

63
Q

vesicoureteral reflux is caused by

A
  • posterior urethral valves
  • urethral or meatal stenosis
  • neurogenic bladder
64
Q

risk factor for cryptorchidism

A

low birth weight

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