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peds again Flashcards

1
Q

MMRV reaction

A 
rash
fever
swelling
erthema
irrabilty
restlness
so dont need to bring to clinic if these are the symtoms but DO ASK WHAT THE TEMP IS
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2
Q

when to be careful with MMRV symtoms

A

fever can sometimes lead to febrile seizures so determine the childs temp to evalute the risk
-adm actea for fever above 102 F

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3
Q

time frame of when MMRV symtoms occur

A

5-12 days

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4
Q

school age children

A

posess concrtete thinking

and fear losing control

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5
Q

when adm injection to shcool age do

A

task based coping and speicific

  • count loudly
  • breathe deeply
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6
Q

adm injection to toddler

A

hide it

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7
Q

ability to use spoon

A

18 months

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8
Q

copying shapes

A

5 year olds

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9
Q

autism 2 core symtoms

A

abnormalities ins ocial interations and communicaiton (verba and nonvernal)
-patterns of behavior, interests, or activities that can be restricted and repetitive.

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10
Q

what is often devlaye in autism

A

social skills escapilly communiaction

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11
Q

healthy 2 year old vocab

A

300 words and should be able to string 2 or more words together in a meaningful phrase

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12
Q

children with austism behavior whne playing

A

resricted interest in and peoccuptation with a single toy , repetive behaviors when plahing with tor and insist on the same play routine

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13
Q

finger grasp dev what age

A

8-10 months and this is the time to start offering small finger foods such as crackers and cut up pieces

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14
Q

important qusetio to ask autism

A

how many words

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15
Q

allergenic foods can be introduced when

A

4-6 months (eggs, fish , pb)

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16
Q

whole milk

A

12 months and its WHOLE MILK not low fat

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17
Q

involntary bedeweeting aka noctural enuresis

A

nonpharm should be done first

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18
Q

noctureal enrusis mangment

A

-limit caff and sugar
-void before going to bed
-avoid punishing, scolding or ridiculing the child
-encourage child to assist with changing soiled pajamas and linens
-postive reinforcements (calender showing wet and dry night rewards)
=awaken the child nightly at specific time to void
-use an enursis alarm

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19
Q

what should parents avoid with noctural enursis

A

avoid disposable training pants and diapers at bedtime because this deicosrges motication to get up and void
-dont restrict fluids throughout the day, only after the evening meals.

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20
Q

by 7 months

A

bear their full weight by standing wtih support and sit with minimal support from their hands (tripod poistion)
-can roll over

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21
Q

prone to sitting position

A

10 months

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22
Q

pull themselves up into stadning poustion

A

9-10 months

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23
Q

walking while holding on to furniture

A

11 months

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24
Q

puzzles

A

app for school age (6-12)

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25
Q

stack blocks

A

toddler (1-3)

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26
Q

infleunza vistors

A

facemask before entering room

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27
Q

contact with peers

A

adolscent (12-19)

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28
Q

failure to thrive

A

low eight and height ration

falling below 5 th percitle

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29
Q

risk factors for FTT

A

young parnt age

  • unplanned or unwanted preg
  • lower educaiton
  • single parent
  • social isolatio
  • chronic life stresses and anxiety
  • substance abse
  • domestiv violence
  • povety
  • parents with negative peception of child
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30
Q

what is not riskf actor for FTT

A

parent working outside of the home

-having sibilings

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31
Q

pediatric clients who consume vegan diet are at risk for

A

nutritonal deficienciens (protein, calories, calcium, vit D, iron, vit b12)

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32
Q

icp

A

vomitng
headache
vision changes
changes in mental status

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33
Q

impact of shaking causes

A

bleeding within the brain or eyes

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34
Q

why is it common for disogniss of shaken baby syndrome to go unnoticded

A 
vimiting
irratbility
lethagy
inability to suck or eat
seizures
inconsable cruing
-often no external signs of trauma except for ocassional small burises on the chest or upper arms where they were held
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35
Q

hearing impairment causes

A

fam history
infection
meds
congenital disorder

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36
Q

toddlers with hearing deificts appear

A 
shy
timid
withdrawn
avoid social interacton
may seen inattentive
--appear dreamy
-speech montone where it is diff to understand
=talk loud
-use gestures and faical expression
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37
Q

mama and dada

A

by 7 months

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38
Q

when to ,make referal for hearing test

A

absence of well formed syllabues by 11 months or inteligble speech not present by 24 months

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39
Q

fantasy play with puppets

A

preschool becuase of imaginary play and magical thinking

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40
Q

school age deal with what stage of eriksoton

A

inducstry vs inferiority so they like to do howmowrk and learn new skills

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41
Q

school age and peer

A

not as imp as adolscents so school age rather do homwowrk

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42
Q

12 months weight

A

thirpled

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43
Q

sitting from standing position

A

shhould have mastered by 12 months

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44
Q

stranger anxiety

A

8 months and continues into toddler years

at 12 months child prefers parents and exhbiits fear when seperated

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45
Q

skipping and hopping on one foot

A

4years

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46
Q

puberty maturation stages in bous

A

1) testicular enlargement and scrotal changes are the firs tsigns (9-14 yrs)
2) appearance of pubic, axillary, faical and body hair
- 3)penis increases in size 4)and voice changes

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47
Q

head circumference

A

at birth head is bigger than chest circumference but by 12 months it equalizes

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48
Q

fontanelles should be

A

flat and slight oulsations

temporary bulges when infant cries, coughs or lying down

49
Q

posterior font closes

A

2 months

50
Q

anterior closes

A

18 months

51
Q

phargntitis is caused by

A

group A

52
Q

phaegitis can lead to

A

renal (glomerulonephritis) or cardiac complications (rheumatic fever) if not treated.

53
Q

children with phatyntitis

A

-may refuce to eat due to pain
-ofer soft diet and cool liquids such as ice chips instead of solid foods
-tooth burshes should be replaced 2 hours after starting abx
-test bilings
-may return to school or daycare aftert they have completed 2 hours of abx and is afrbirile
=dont give lozenges
-actea or ibuprhen for pain

54
Q

when can kids with [haryngitis return to school

A

after 24 hours of abx

55
Q

whe doing physcial exmaination for a toddler

A

least to most invasive
(ears, then nose, and mouth at end)
-allow to inspect peices of equip
-minimal physical contact initially

56
Q

risk of teeth misalightment and malocclusion occurs

A

when child uses pacifier or sucks the thumb after eruption of permanaent teeth

57
Q

intussecption treastment

A

passage ofbirnak vriwn sttol means reduction in instusscption
-can be treated sucesfully witout surgery using saline or air enema

58
Q

associate play

A

prescolers (3-6)

  • they engage in similar actv or play witht he (play and burrow with each other without directing others)
  • Preschoolers also enjoy play involving motor activities and imaginative, pretend play.
59
Q

cooperative play

A

school age (6-12)

  • play with one another with specific goal (building castles from block) and theres set urles
  • requires orgizational skills that presccolers dont have only school age
60
Q

parallel

A

toddlers (1-3)

-play next to each other and are happy to be in the prescence of peers but do not play directly with one another

61
Q

solitary play

A

infants (birth -1 year)

-focused on own actv and play alone in the prescence of others

62
Q

behaviors associated with negatism and ritualism

A

toddlers

63
Q

health promoteion in toddler parents should

A

avoid giving options that allow the toddler to say “no” so instead of saying “do you want dinner” say “tikme for dinner”

64
Q

if child refuses meal

A

parents should wit to offer foods utnil the next snack time or meal time
-dont ask within couple mins

65
Q

when to eat afer kid just played

A

15-30 mins to calm down before eating

66
Q

by 30 months

A

4X birth weight

67
Q

wegain gain slows

A

toddler years with weight gain yealry of 4-6 lb

68
Q

bowel and sphinter control by

A

24 months

69
Q

chest circfuernce exceeds abdominal circulfernce

A

after 2 resulting in taller and more slender app

70
Q

head circum ncreases by

A

1 in during second ur and then slows to 0.5 in until 5 years

71
Q

egocentric approch

A

toddlers diaply this approch to strive for autonmy by displaying emotional (temper tentrums, NO)

72
Q

hospitalizations in toddler results in

A

regreesive beh

73
Q

concept of time

A

school age not prescool

74
Q

voluntary control of anal and urethral sphincters

A

18-24 months

75
Q

readiness to toilet train

A

ambulate to and sit on the toilet
-remina fry for several hours or though the nap
-pull clothes up and down
=understand 2 step command
=expresses the need to use the toilet
-imitate the toilet habits of adults or older sibliings
-express an interest

76
Q

toddlers trive on

A

home rituals and routines

77
Q

who has egocentric and magical thinking

A

preschool

78
Q

who thinks they might have caused the disease

A

preschool

79
Q

parents role in hospitalization of toddlers

A

rooming in, stating overnight and alleviate serpateion anxiety

80
Q

fetal etoh sydrome signs

A 
microcephaly
short palpebral fissures
=epicanthal folds
-flat midface
-smooth philtrum
-thin upper lip
81
Q

what is the leading cause of diability and dev delay

A

etoh dysndrome

82
Q

advanced maternal age can be assoicated with higher incidence of

A

triosmy 21 (down syndrome)

83
Q

down sydnrome characteristic

A

=single palmar crease

=short neck with excessive skin(nuchal fold)

84
Q

valporate (depakote) can cause

A

spina bidifa

FDA preg D

85
Q

seziure precation

A 
pillow to protect head
side rails up
privacy provided
side lying
o2 and apparatus avilable
DONT USE ORAL BITE DEVICE
DONT USE RESTRAINTS
86
Q

severe dehydration signs

A

increase cap refill
increased HR
increased RR

87
Q

introduction of sold foods

A

4-6 months

88
Q

process of starting solid foods

A

iron firtfied infant cereal first
-allow 5-7 days bewttwen foods for allergies
(allergeies often worsen with subsequent exposure)

89
Q

best foods to introuce

A

carrots
peas
banans

90
Q

when are purred fruits and veg introudced

A

6-8 months

91
Q

after introducing pureed fppds

A

offer simple finger foods such as teething crackers, small pieces of fruits, soft veg or cheese

92
Q

cows milk introduced

A

after 1 st year

93
Q

finger foods intro

A

6-9 month

94
Q

meds used to treat noctural enuresis

A

desmopressin

-tricylic antidepressants such as imipramine, amitriptyline, and desipramine improve functional bladder capacity.

95
Q

parralel
associate
solitary
cooperative

A

toddlers
prescoolers
infants
school age

96
Q

accidents assoicated with child walkers

A

rolling down stairs (most common)

  • burns
  • drowning
  • positiong
97
Q

safer alternatvies to mobile baby walkers

A

stationary walkers (no wheels)

98
Q

optimal position for baby lumbar puncure

A

head and knee tuckers in abd back rounde dout

-flexed sitting with arms and legs immbolized

99
Q

imitating and dramatic

A

preschoolers

100
Q

dress up, housekeeping toys, telephones, med kits, dollas and puppets

A

preachoolers

101
Q

finger paints crayons books puzzles with large pieces and clay

A

prescoolers

102
Q

va=oard games

A

schol age

103
Q

soap bubbles

A

toddlers

104
Q

stacking and nesting toys

A

toddlers

105
Q

headlag till

A

4-6 months

106
Q

headlag after 6 months

A

abnoramal and could be associated with cerebral palsy or autism

107
Q

peek a boo and patty cake

A

10-12 months

108
Q

the posterior fontanel should not be palpable in

A

8-month-old clients.

109
Q

when do infants begin expiercing seperation anxiety

A

6 months

110
Q

seperation anxiety can be hiegtening during

A

hospitlization due to unfamilar stresors

111
Q

how to relieve indants stress

A

adhere to routine at home (meals and sleep times)
-provide fav toy or pacifier
=enouage caregivers to remain
-quiet enc
-offer familar object (caregivers shirt, blanket, voice recording)

112
Q

when should children have their first dental visit

A

6 months or by their first birthday

113
Q

when do childs first teeth abrupt

A

6 months

114
Q

pirmary teeth by

A

2-4 years

115
Q

when do children start preschol

A

age

116
Q

regression during hospitialization

A

normal and will regain lost milestones after discharge

117
Q

snacks and meals for toddlers

A

safety small, hard, sticky and/or slippery foods pose a choking risk and should not be offered to children under age 3. Examples include hot dogs, grapes, nuts, raw carrot sticks, popcorn, peanut butter, hard candy, and raisins.

  • Potential for food-borne illness – children are at higher risk for developing a food-related infection if given raw, unpasteurized foods such as juice, partially cooked eggs, raw fish, or raw bean sprout
  • dont give empty calories
118
Q

examples of healthy snakcs for children under 3

A 
pieces of cheese
whole wheat crackers
bana slices
yogurt
COOKED veg
mini pizza
cottacheese with cut up fruits
119
Q

adolscents psychosocial development is marked by

A

risk taking
-sense of invincibility
-need for independence
=strong connection to peers

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