Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

random > hem/onc/anemia > Flashcards

hem/onc/anemia Flashcards

1
Q

megaloblastic anemia caused by

A

vit b12 or folic acid def

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

b12 food sources

A 
meat
fish
pultry
eggs
milk
breads and cerelas can contain fortified b12
nutritional yeast
-PLANT PRODUCTS RARELY HAVE IT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HIV patho

A

viral infection of the CD4+ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hiv education

A

be up to date on vacc such as influenza

  • avoid eating undercooked meats such as pink seak
  • avoid contact with feces such as cat litter
  • avoid drinking water from developing contries that are poor sanitized so use bottled water or purfied water when drinking and brushing teef
  • use synthetic or latex or dental dams barriers during sex
  • dont share toothburshes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tb prgonosis

A

curable if they follow med regimen

-drug therpy is about 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SLE

A

autoimmune where the bodys immune system attacks body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SLE symtoms

A

pinaful swlooen joints

  • fatigue
  • skin rashes
  • kidney prob
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

treatment for SLE

A

no cure

-use immnosupressants such as corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SLE education

A

pnuemonia and influenza vacc are recommended

  • report fever
  • avoid contact with sick people
  • physical and emotional stress can make it worse so follow a healthy lifestyle with 7-9 hours of sleep
  • sunlight can worsen the rash and should be avoided (10am-4pm)
  • rash should be cleaned only with mild soap not anitbiotic soap
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

clients with meningitis risk for

A

seizures bc of fever and ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mengitis what kind of idolation

A

droplet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

env for menegitis

A

reduced stimulus

quiet, dim lighted, cool temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

poistion for menegitis

A

bed rest with HOB 10-30 to promote venous circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

teletherpy (external beam radiation ) education

A

dont rub the skin, scrabtch ors crub

  • wear soft losse fitting clothes
  • cotton sheets and towel
  • pat dry skin after bathing
  • avoid bandages or tapes on the treamtent area
  • cleanse the skin with lukewarm shower
  • milf soap withoutgragarance or deodrant
  • do not wash off radiation maarkings
  • use only creams or lotions approved by HCP
  • dont use OTC creams oils or powders
  • should skin from sun during and after treamtent
  • avoid tanning beds and sunabthing
  • wear hats, long sleeve and long pants outside
  • use suncreen 30spf or higher
  • avoid extemes in skin temp (heating pads or ice packs)
  • maintain cool, humid env
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thrombocyopenia complication from

A

heprian products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thrymobocyemia meaning

A

low plalets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

heprain induced thrombocytpoenia

A

contradictory meaning that is leads to venous /arterial thrombosis and less commoly to bleeding so its the opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

danger of HIT

A

organ damage from local thrombi and emoblization leading to stroke and pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

if pt has HIT

A

all heprain products should be stopped and use another anticogulant such as argatroban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

blood urea nutrgoen (BUN) lvl

A

6-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

montor what for HIT

A

plalet and notify HCP if plalet levl is ≥50% from baseline or a drop below 150,000/mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

influenza incubation

A

incbuation of 1-4 days and transimmion up to 5-7 days after illness stage begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

inf transmmion

A

during icibation and illness stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

inf vaccine education

A

imunity against influenza about 2 wk after incoulaion but does not offer complete protection from all virus strains so avoid close
contact for ONE WEEK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

polycythemia versa

A

too many RBC, WBC, PLALETS produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Polycythemia vera (PV) risk for

A

producing blood clots due to increase blood volume and viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

education for Polycythemia vera (PV)

A
  • elevate legs and ffeet when sitting
  • wear support stockings
  • report signs of thrombosis such as swelling and tenderness in the legs
  • adq fluid during exc and hot weather
  • dont increase iron containg foods because this can further cause increase in hemoglobin prod and is not recommended
  • need periodic phlebtomy to remove excess blood
  • prevent dehydrationnnn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

common symtom of Polycythemia vera (PV)

A

itching!!

can be reduced by reducing water temp and using starch baths and patting skin instead of rubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Rhematic fever def

A

inflammatory disease of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Rhematic fever occurs from

A

streptococcal pharyngitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Rhematic fever affects

A

heart, skin, joints, and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

sepsis

A

response to infection that causes impared organ function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Rhematic fever teaching

A

fam hisotry not a risk factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

septic shock occurs

A

when sepsis causes CV collapse or impaires bodys ability to maintain normal metabloic and cellular process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

septic shock manestificaations

A

fever or hypothermia ((>100.4 F [38 C]; <96.8 F
-hypotension (Systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or mean arterial pressure <65 mm Hg in a client with infection may indicate septic shock

  • prolonged cap refull
  • tacycadia of restingHR greater than 90/min
  • WBC of greater than 12k or or immature neutrophils (bands) of >10%
  • decreased UOP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

atrireoviral therpy (RT)

A

med regiment consisting of multiple drugs and management preofession of HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) impaires

A

viral replication at multiple points which leads to decreased viral loads and increased CD4 cells (helper t cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) education

A

lifelong treatment and requires strict adherence

- even undetecbale viral loads remain infected with HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

radiation

A

damages DNA which causes cell destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

radiation and chemo affects

A

tissues that rapidly produce such as (oral , gi, bone marrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

cyanide posioning

A

bitter almond smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

fever and riased skin pustules

A

small pox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

small pox transmion

A

droplet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Sjögren’s syndrome

A

autoimmune where mositure producing exocrine glands are attacked by wbc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Sjögren’s syndrome most commonly affected glands

A

salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia).

other areas: Skin - dry skin and rashes
Throat and bronchi - chronic dry cough
Vagina - vaginal dryness and painful intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

dryness in sjogren syndrome leads to

A

corneal ulceration
dentalcaries
oral thrush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome

A

symtoms since there is no cure

  • otc and presribed drops are used to relive itching, burning and dyrness
  • wearing goggles when windy can help with drying
  • dry mouth treated with sugarless gym and candy or salvia
  • regular dental appt to prevent dental caries
  • KY jelly or other lub to ease vaginal dryness
  • use lukewrm water and mild soap
  • avoid low humdifity env such as heated houses and airplanes
  • use humdifiers
  • VOID decongested because thse can cause further druness
  • avoid oral irrtants such as coffe etoh and acidic drinks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

scleroderma

A

overproduction of collagen causing tightening and hardening of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

scleroderma complication

A

renal crisis(LIFE THERENING) which canuses malignant HTN due to narrowing of the cessels that provide blod to the kidneys

  • pulomary fibrosis another complication and causes dry cough and dyspnea but ot as life threatening as renal crisis
  • heart burn and dysphagia but not life treaning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

raynaud coor changes locations

A

fingers, toes, ears and nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

raynaud treatment

A

imm hands in warm water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

TRANSFUSION REACTION

A

stop and disconnect tubing

IVVVV SALINE to prevent collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

vancymycin level

A

trough level before 4th dose (15-20 mg.l is optimal)

-BUN and cretine mointored regulant (2-3X/wk) due to NEPHROTOXCITY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

normal hemogloin

A

12-17

11-15 in women

55
Q

pulmonary emoblism risk factors

A

venous stasis
hypecog
endothelial damage

56
Q

greatest risk for PE

A

Abdominal cesarean section surgery (endothelial damage)
Engorged pelvic vessels from pregnancy (venous stasis, hypercoagulability of blood)
Inactivity/immobility ≥6 hours related to positioning during surgery and the immediate postoperative period and epidural anesthesia (venous stasis)
Postpartum state (hypercoagulability of blood)

57
Q

client with latent tb with postive skin test but asymtpamtic

A

cannot spread to othes

58
Q

what can conver LTBI to active

A

malgnignacy
immunosupp (corticosteroids)
chemo
prolonged debiliating siease (HIV)

59
Q

Lymphedema increases risk for

A

infeciton or injury

60
Q

Lymphedema pt complains of

A

heavy or painful feeling of the arm

61
Q

Lymphedema intevetnions

A

decongestive therpy such as massage

  • compression sleeves
  • elevation of arm above the heart
  • isometric excercises
  • avoidance of venipunctures such as IV insertion and blood draws on affected limb
  • injruy prevention (limb less sensative to temp changes)
  • infection control since limb more prone to infection and break down
62
Q

dignosis for tb consists of

A

EARLY MORNING sputum on 3 consecutive days

  • fluids or expectorants can be given at bedtime to help lqidufy secretions
  • BLOOD CULTURES NOTTTT DONE to confirm
63
Q

nose culrtures

A

MRSA

64
Q

quntifeon tb

A
  • fewer false postive
  • one single visit is only req
  • results in 24 hours
  • more expesnive
65
Q

sickle cell

A

excruiating painnnnn from occulsion resulting in ischemia

66
Q

sickle cell managemnt

A

use of PCA is reocmmended

  • NSAIDS not effective in pain
  • merpedine is contrindicated
67
Q

cervical caner risk factors

A

infection from high risk HPV strains

  • hisory of STI
  • early onset of sex
  • mutple sexual partners
  • immunosupression
  • oral contraceptive use
  • low socioecnomic status
  • -tabacoo use
68
Q

almost all caes of cervival cancer results from

A

hpv

69
Q

risk factors for cervical cancer

A 
HPV
wekaned imm (hiv)=, cehmo)
70
Q

nullpairty is a risk factor for

A

breast cancer

not cervical

71
Q

severe anemia signs

A

tacycardia
sob
pallor
so cardiaic and resp drive is increased to maintain CO and o2

72
Q

PPD or mantouux test

A

forearm
-come back 48-72 hours
redness alone doesnt mean poistive resp

73
Q

postive responsse to PPD

A

-infuration of >15mm = postive

but this only means that they have been exposed to tb and dont have active tb

74
Q

what is needed to confirm active tb

A

chest xray

postive sputum

75
Q

von willebrand disease

A

bleeding disoder bc of def of von willberand factor which plays imp role in coagulation

76
Q

Von Willebrand disease teaching

A

wear med identification bracelt in case of emergency

  • look for signs of bleeding (severe joint pain, swelling, headache esp after injury, blood in stools, uncontrolable nosebleed)
  • avoid asprin and nsaids
  • avoid contact sports
  • soft bristled and gentle flossing
  • report heavy mestraul cycle such as soaking a pad in (<3) hours
77
Q

pain and indlammation in Von Willebrand disease

A 
RICE
rest
ice
compression
elevation
78
Q

lyme disease dev

A

after bite from deer tick

79
Q

lyme disease signs

A

flu like symtoms such as headahce, fever, myalgia, fatigue

  • eyrthme migrans
  • bulls eye rash
80
Q

complications of lyme

A

carditis
chronic arthritis
meningitis
facial paralysis

81
Q

prevent tick bites for lyme disease

A

insect repellant such as picaridin

  • avoid tall grass and thick underbush and only hike in center of trails
  • wear long sleeve shirts tucked into pants, long pants tucked into socks or boots and closed toe shoes
82
Q

removing ticks

A

tweezers and grab it close to the attachment site and dont crush it when removing.

83
Q

tb signs

A

low grade fever
night sweats
anorxia and weigh loss
fatigue

synpnea and hemoptysis seen at later stages

84
Q

pulmonary tb

A

cough
blood tinged sputum
sob
purlent sputum

85
Q

clents in LTBI are

A

asymtpmatic and cannot transmit to others

86
Q

anaphlaxis symtoms

A

resp compromise (oral and airway swelling, stridor, wheezing, chest tightness) and shock (eg, dizziness, loss of consciousness).

87
Q

recorrent oral ulcers

A

SLE

88
Q

cystitis signs

A

lower uti

  • dysruia (painful with urinating)
  • urinary freq
  • urinary urgency
  • hematuria
  • suprapuboc discomfort
89
Q

pyelonephritis

A

NV
fever with chills
flank pain
sostverbral angle tenderness

90
Q

hep a vaccine

A 
1 year old
health care workers
men with men
drug users
those with clotting issues
liver disease
91
Q

management of anaphylactic shock

A

call for help (activate MES) FIRSTACTION

  • high flower via non reabreather
    3) epi IM
    4) elevate legs
    6) volume resustiion
    6) bronchdilator
    7) antihistamine
    8) corticosteroids
92
Q

postoperative infections related to abdominal surgery

A

pneumonia, surgical site infection, and peritonitis, UTI

93
Q

Signs of infection

A

cough, tachypnea, and shortness of breath; warmth or redness around the incision; purulent incisional drainage; or rigid, painful abdome

94
Q

hypovolemia from GI losses signs (cdiff)

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

95
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

A

consists of hemolytic anemia

96
Q

low plalet assessment

A

LOC - indicate intracranial bleeding and ICP

97
Q

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

A

autoimmune in which antibodies bind to and cause destruction of plaletlets

98
Q

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are at increased risk for

A

risk of bleeding

99
Q

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) education

A

soft brustle toothbrush, gentle flossing and nonetoh mouthwash

  • avoid high intesnity sports or anything that can cause trauma
  • do low impact sports such as walking
  • wear nonskid footwear
  • take stool softners and laxative
  • electrical razors instead of safety or straight razors
  • avoid nsais
  • actemenophen better for pain
100
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)

A

oncologic emegency

occurs when caner treatment sucessfully kills cancer cells resulting in the release OF k, phosphate and nucleic acids

101
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) develops

A

signficant serum electrolyte inbalances

102
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) complications

A

hyperkalemia

  • Large amounts of nucleic acids (normally converted to uric acid and excreted by the kidneys) that can overwhelm the kidneys and cause hyperuricemia and acute kidney injury (AKI) from uric acid crystal formation
  • Hyperphosphatemia (>4.4 mg/dL [1.42 mmol/L]) that can cause AKI and dysrhythmias
  • Hypocalcemia
103
Q

treatment of Hypocalcemia

A 
hydration
-correct electyle inbalances
- postassium use loop directics, kaylaxate
hyperphostaphte use phosphate biders
-for hyperuricemia use allpurnaol
104
Q

influenza symtoms

A

fever, chills, severe muscle aches, headache, cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and malaise

105
Q

influenza treatment

A

rest, hydration, humidified air, and antipyretics/analgesics.
–zanamivir [Relenza], oseltamivir [Tamiflu]) are given to clients with symptom onset within the last 48-72 hours.

106
Q

IE teaching

A

monitor temperature regularly at home. Persistent temperature elevations may mean that the antibiotic therapy is ineffective or complications have developed. The client should notify the HCP if a fever persists at home.

  • IE can require IV antibiotics for up to 4-6 weeks. The client may be discharged home once hemodynamically stable, and a home health nurse will come to administer the antibiotics through the client’s PICC line.
  • signs of embolization such as slurred speech, one-sided weakness, or paralysis; or a painful, cold extremity.
  • Prophylactic antibiotics will be required for certain high-risk procedures.
107
Q

prior to blood tranfsion

A

ask to void or empty urinary catheter and discard urine prior to starting blood transfusion because in the event of aucte hemolytic tranfusion reaction a fresh urine specimen should be collected and sent to lab to analyze hemolyzed rbc

108
Q

hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

life-threatening reaction in which the host’s antibodies rapidly destroy the transfused RBCs and is generally related to incompatibility.

109
Q

sings of hemolytic reaction

A

red urine, fever, and hypotension; late signs include disseminated intravascular coagulation and hypovolemic shock. T

110
Q

herpes zoster/shingles charctersitic

A

unilateral, linerar pattern, fluid filled blisters

111
Q

herpes zoster affected client complains of

A

pain and itching

112
Q

pt with hemo and low wbc

A

protective isloation
provate room
hepa filtration
avoid raw druits and veg
-avoid stadning water and udnercooked meat
-no hcp who has cold should take care of pt

113
Q

patients with polycthmeia versa are at risk of dev

A

clots because of the icnreases volume, voscity, and stasis in their blood

114
Q

polcyemia versa signs to look out for that indicate thrombus formation

A 
redness
tenderness
swelling
symtoms of sttroke
teaching of polycethemia versa
115
Q

teahcing of polycethmia versa

A

support stocks
elvate legs when sitting
hydrating prop esp dyring hot weather and excercise

116
Q

Oropharyngeal candidiasis, or thrush

A

immuno such as those taking corticosteroids or chemo or radiation, AIDS
-igh dose of antibiotic treatment
-people with dentures
ALBURTEROL DONT CAUSE IT BUT INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS DO

117
Q

treatment of Oropharyngeal candidiasis, or thrush

A

oral hygeine

nstatin or other anitfungal meds

118
Q

purpura

A

reddish purple blocktes on the skin that do not blanch with pressure due to bleeding and this is singificant because theres bleeding underneath the skinundernaeath the skin

119
Q

loook at

A

53,55,56,58

120
Q

lmph nodes noraal finding

A

are not palapable but if it is palapble, suuperfical, small, mobile, firm and non tender it is normal finding

121
Q

malignacy signs

A

tender, hard, fixed or enlarge nodes

122
Q

unintention weight loss of

A

more than 10 percent os usual weight in non obsese clients indicate cancer

123
Q

signs of cancer

A

weight loss of more than 10 percent , Nausea, anorexia, and dysgeusia (altered taste
nagging cough/hoarseness sensation

124
Q

warning signs of cancer

A 
CAUTION
c- change in bowel or bladder habits
A- sore that does not heal
u- unsual bleeding or discharge from body orifice
t- thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
i-ingestion or diff swllowing
o-obvious change in a wart or mole
n- nagging cough or hoarseness
125
Q

breast cancer

A

chest radiaition, retracted nipple that is new, orange peel appearance of breast tissue dimpled

126
Q

BPH

A

caused by hormonal changes related to aging and growth dont mean cancer

127
Q

lopmas

A

benign, fatty masses that are rarely malignant

-subq, have soft doughy feel and are mobile and asympatic

128
Q

copd compensation

A

produce more RBC to carry o2 to cells (polycytmeia)

  • anemia is not expected and will worsen symtoms of copd
  • neutropenia not expected in copd
  • thrmboyctopenia is not anticpated in copd
129
Q

oral cancer prsents as

A

presents as a nonhealing lesions or ulcers

130
Q

oral cancer signs

A 
mucosal thickening
diff swallowing
muoth  bleeding
sore spots
leukopakia (white patch)
changes in salvation
131
Q

risk factors of oral cancer

A 
chronic etoh and tabcao use
-poor oral hygeine
-chronic irrtation of mucose (chipped teeth, imporoper dental appliances)
-excessive exposrure to uv light
oral sex
132
Q

radiation therpy causes what

A

muscositits ( inflammation of the mouth, esophagus, and oropharynx))
- xerostomia (ie, dry mouth).

these affect the sppech, taste and ability to sawllow affecting the oral intake and nutrition satus

133
Q

raditiation therpy teaching

A

avoid irratants such as spicy foods, acidic, dry, crumnly foods, coffee, etoh

  • consume supplemental nutrition drinks such as ensure
  • use artifical salivia for dry mouth
  • lidocaine can help
  • maintin oral hygine, and rinse with aking soda
134
Q

hemophilia

A

def in production of coagulation proteins such as factor VIII and factor IX

random (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions