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peds Flashcards

1
Q

atopic dermatitis aka

A

ezema

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2
Q

atopic dermatoisis characteristics

A

pruitpus
erythema
dry skin

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3
Q

goals of atpic dermatitis

A

alleviate pruitus

keep skin hydrated

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4
Q

education for atopic dermatitis

A
  • dont scratch bc it will lead to new lesions and infections
  • tepid baths using gentle soap
  • avoid hot baths and bubb;e baths bc it dries skin
  • nails should be trimmed short and kept filed
  • clothing should be soft(cotton)
  • long sleeves at night
  • avoid trigger factors such as heat and low humdiity
  • mosilize with emollients
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5
Q

myopia

A

nearsightness so the visual acutity is reduced when viewing objects at a distance

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6
Q

myopia clients need to

A

hold objects near their face or sit near objects to see clearly

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7
Q

clients with myopaia report

A

headahces
dizz
squniting eyes to see clealu
school performance affected from eye strrain

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8
Q

hyperopia

A

viewing objects far away or sit at distance to have clear vission

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9
Q

color definfict

A

inability to preceive and diff colors such as red and green
blue and yellow
have trouble wearing matching clothes

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10
Q

type 1 in peds inital goal

A

managing childs BG (checking and giving insulin)

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11
Q

assess for allergies to vaccine components

A

neomycin
gelatin
yeast

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12
Q

allergy to latex

A

bananas
kiwis
latex balloons

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13
Q

who shouldnt get live vaccines

A

immunoscompormised (corticosteroids, chem, AIDS)

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14
Q

exmaples of life cavvines

A

varciella
MMR
rotavirus
yellow fever

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15
Q

misperceptions of contrindications to immunization

A 
penicllin allergy
mild ilnness (with or without temp)
mild site reaction(swelling, erthyma, soreness)
recent infection exposure
current course of abx
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16
Q

caring for burn at home

A

-soak area brify in cool water to stop the burning process
-remove any clothing or jewlery around the burn
to avoid constriction as edema forms BUT DONT REMOVE ANY CLOTHING STUCK TO THE BURNED AREA ONLY HCP can do this
-cover with clean dry cloth
-dont apply ointments or abx bc it will intefere with assessment
-dont put ice bc it can increase tissue damage
-NO ICE, BUTTER , CREAMS SHOULD BE PLACED

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17
Q

cold injury signs

A

redness and swelling

blanched skin with hardness of the affected area

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18
Q

what to do when pt has cold injury

A

rewarm the area ASAP to restore blood flow and reduce risk of tissue damage

  • rewarm at 104 F (40C) for 30 mins or until the area turns pink in case of frost bite
  • the face and ears can be warmed by warm facevloths
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19
Q

what is contraindicated in cold injury

A

massging body part bc it causes tissue injury

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20
Q

kawasku disease treated with

A

aspirin

ivig

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21
Q

kawaski complication

A

coronoary artery anyerysms

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22
Q

kawaski and vaccines

A

when given IVIG therpy, it will remain in the body for 11 months and may intefere with the response to live caccines (varicella and mmr) so these live maccines should be delayed for 11 months

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23
Q

signs of post op bleeding in sollsillectomy

A

swalow
clearing throat
vomitning blood

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24
Q

expencted findings of tonsillectomy

A

white, fluid filled exudate in the throat

  • halitosis (bad breath)
  • low grade fever
  • ear pain
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25
Q

pulmonic stenosis

A

increased pressure in the right side of the heart

-in severe, the high pressure in right side causes uno2 blood to travel through the left side

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26
Q

treatment for pulmonic stenosis

A

interventional cath

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27
Q

contraindication of pulmonic stensosis

A

diaper rash bc the yeast or bacteria on the rash could be introduced into the blood stream with arterial sticks

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28
Q

spected finding

A

loud heart murmur

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29
Q

npo before catherization

A

4-6 hours

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30
Q

chest tubes in peds should be assessed

A

every hour for color and draingage

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31
Q

drainge in CT that should be reported

A

Drainage >3 mL/kg/hr for 3 consecutive hours or >5-10 mL/kg in 1 hour

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32
Q

infants normal HR

A

90-169

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33
Q

what is common after surgery

A

hypothermia

and warmers are used to correct the clients temp

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34
Q

ET displaement intervention

A

listen to lung sounds

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35
Q

atrial septal defect

A

abnormal opening between R and L atria allow the blood of the left atrium to go into the right

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36
Q

sound in atrial septal

A

the back and forth flow b/w the two chambers causes vibration that is heard as MURMER on asuculatation

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37
Q

atrial septal defect charastic

A

systloic murmer with fixed split second heart sound

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38
Q

coartation of aarota signs

A

weak lower and stronger upper ext pulses

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39
Q

visual acuity is assessed in

A

ages 6 or older using snellen letter chart

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40
Q

pistion for visual acuity

A

10 ft from the chart and asked to read the letters

  • begining with the lines of large text to small text
  • both eyes should be open while one eye at a time is covered to read
  • must get 4/6 letters in each line before moving to next
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41
Q

testing visual activity and fixation in infants

A

following a target usually bright colored object or human face

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42
Q

when to refer to opthalmic in infants

A

if visual fixation and following not presented by 3-4 months

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43
Q

viewing set of cards

A

color vision deficits

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44
Q

corneal light reflex

A

shining light helf 16 in from childs eyes

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45
Q

impetigo

A

high contangious

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46
Q

imptigo characterized by

A

itchy
burning
red pustules that rupture to form honey colored crusts

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47
Q

contangous impetigo

A

when treated with anx ointment or oral abx lesions are no longer contagious after 24-48 hours and heal within a wek

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48
Q

without abx impetigo

A

resolves within 2-3 wk but remain contagious until all lesions heal

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49
Q

decreasing tramssion of impetigo

A

handwashing before and after touching the infected area

  • islating infected persons cloting and linens and washing them in hot water
  • keeping infected persons finernails short and clean to prevent bacteria
  • avoid close contact with othrts for 24-48 hours after abx intiation
  • keep the affected area covered with guaze in contact with others (while at school)
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50
Q

impetigo lesions

A

soaked with warm water, saline, or burow solution and gently cleansed with mild antibacterial soap before applying abx oitment

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51
Q

wilms tumor

A

kidney tumor in children < 5

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52
Q

wilms tumor characrtssitic

A

normally only in one kidney

  • unusal contour in childs stomach
  • unsual bulging /swelling on one side of the abdomen
  • might have HTN bc of exceessive prod of renin but this will require mointoring
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53
Q

otitis media age group

A

infants and children under 2

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54
Q

OM occurs after

A

resp tract infection most of the time

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55
Q

the eschuian tubes in infinats and young hildren

A

short, straight, horizontal which results in ineffective drainage and protection from resp secretions

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56
Q

who is at risk for OM

A

exposure to tabcaoo smoke due to resp inflmmation

-using pacififer or drinking from bottle when lying down

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57
Q

managemnt to prevent OM

A

eliminate smoke

  • routin imm
  • reducing or eliinating pacifer use after 6 months
  • breast feeding can help but after 1 yr solid food should be starting
58
Q

oitis externa

A

water in ear from swimming or bathing

59
Q

neprotic syndrome

A

hypoalbumeia–>decreased plasma oncotic pressure

hypovolemia causing causing –> retain salt and water SO DIET WITHOUT SALT

  • edema, weight GAIN, loss of app from ascities
  • decrease UOP
  • loss of ummunoglics–>susceptibility to infection so limit visotrs
60
Q

treatment of nephrotic

A

corticsteroidsand other immunosuppressants (eg, cyclosporine)
Loss of appetite management (eg, making foods fun and attractive)
Infection prevention (eg, limiting social interaction until the child is in remission)

61
Q

retinoblastoma

A

unilateral or bilateral retinal tumor

62
Q

signs of retinoblastoma

A

white “glow “of the pupil (leukocoria)
instead of red flex
2) strabismus- misalignment of the eyes is the second most common sign
3)visual impirment -late indicattive of advacned disease

63
Q

treatment of retinoblasoma

A

raidation
enyceleation (removal of the eye)
-fittnig of prosthesis
-sibilings undergo ocular screening and some forms are hereditary

64
Q

fixed mild dilated pupil

A

acute glaucoma

65
Q

kawasaki disease dignostic tests

A

none and it is not contaneous

66
Q

phases of kawaski

A

acute- sudden onset of high fever that doesnt repspond to abx or anitpyrectics, child is irratable and fevelows swollen red feet and hands, lips wollen and cracked, tongue becomes red (strawberry)

2) subacute- skin begins to peel from hands and feet, irratable stilll
3) convlescnet- symtoms dispear, temperant returns to normal

67
Q

intitial treatment of kawaski

A

apriin and IVIG (IV gamma globulin)

68
Q

ivig

A

creates high plasma oncotic pressure and pulmoary edema and fluid overload develops
so mointor for HF (decrease uop, extra heart sounds, tacy, diff breathing)

69
Q

acute glomerulonephritis is induced by

A

group A beta hemolytic strep infection of the skin or throat

70
Q

manefestations of acute glomerulnepthritis

A

periorbital and facial/ ernalized edema
HTN
oliguria
tea colored and cloudy urine due to the presence of protein and blood

71
Q

urine color in acute glomerulnepthrits

A

tea colored and cloudy due to protein and blood in it

72
Q

recovery of acute glomernephritis

A

recover spontanously within days, severe HTN is a complication

73
Q

most important thing in acute glomernephritis

A

controlloing and mointoring the BP to prevent further progression and pul edema

  • I AND O is imp but not as imp as bp
  • edema is imp but not as imp as bp
74
Q

what is noraml in acute glomerulnephritis

A

hematuria

75
Q

diet glomernephritis

A

avoiding high sodium foods and having no added salt in the died

76
Q

stabmismus

A

corssed eye due to the weakness of eye muscle or congential prob

77
Q

vision in strabmimus

A

the visual axes are not aligment so the brain percives 2 diff images (diplopia) and supresses the weaker image to compesnate

78
Q

prognosis for strabmis

A

if untreated by age 4-6 permanent reduction or loss of visual acuity in the afffected eye (amblyopia) can occur

79
Q

treatment of strbmisus

A

patch over the stronger eye or use special corrective lenses

-if non surgical is unsucessful, surgical intervnetion needed

80
Q

eye drops are used commonly to treat

A

gluacoma

81
Q

mointoring Intraocula rpressure imp in which eye

A

glucoma

82
Q

laser surgery app treatment in

A

refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism

83
Q

complcations of CF

A 
pulmoary0infections, hypoxemia
gi- obstruct release of pancreatic enzures
-malasption-nut def
-reproductive- infertitliy
-DM
-WEIGHT LOSS
84
Q

kawaski disease hallmark

A

irratability and can last up to 2 months

85
Q

skin peeling in kawaski

A

normal and the skin underneath will be red and sore but its normal

86
Q

kawaski dischargeq

A

check temp every 6 hours for first 48 hours and notify provider if the child has fever

87
Q

common side effects of immunzations

A

mild fever (notify if temp 100.4)
soreness
redness
at the injection site
-the child might have increased fussiness and anorexia following imm but should not last for more than 24 hours
- give tylenol or iburophen to manage these sytmoms or apply warm compress to the site

88
Q

sick day and DM

A

increase the freq of BG checks (Q 1-4 hours)

  • increasing or decreasing the dose of insulin as needed basked on BG
  • maintain adq hydration
  • testing for urine ketons freq
89
Q

eppigoitss is never seen in

A

vacinated child

90
Q

majority of the casees of epiglottis is caused by

A

hib

91
Q

acute otitis media manesfititations

A

red and bulging tympanic member

  • inner ear pressure which can rupture
  • pain
  • fever
  • rhinorrhea
  • NV
92
Q

when doing assessment on toddler you should use what last

A

otoscope bc it causes distress

93
Q

insert the speculum

A

outer catilaginous part of the external audiotry canal and NOT into the bony part

94
Q

submerision injury

A

evaluated immediately and observed for at least 6 hours for new or worsening respiratory failure. Changes in respiratory pattern or rate, oxygen saturation, and level of consciousness can signal impending respiratory failure, which can be life threatening.

95
Q

untreated hypothryoidism in infants can cause

A

intellectual disabilty

96
Q

clinical manestifications of hypotryodism in infants

A

diff walking, lethargy

  • dry skin
  • hoarse cry
  • brady
  • poor feeding
  • enalrged frontanelle
  • protrudicng tongue
  • umbilical hernia
  • juandice
97
Q

potention complicaitons of acute oitis media

A

hearing loss

spread of the infection

98
Q

severe cases of acute oitis media is treated with

A

abx (amoxillcin is the standard)

99
Q

when to report about otis media treamtent

A

if the symtoms do not improve within 48-72 hours of abx- return to HCP

100
Q

clients following abx should be evaluated for what for acute media otis

A

screened for hearing imapirment

101
Q

side effect of amoxillin

A

diarrhea and doesnt warrant treatment discontinuation

-if the client dev fever and abomdinal pain with the diahrea then it could be c diff

102
Q

pediatric asthma can present

A

As night coughing until the child vomits

103
Q

silent asthma sign

A

coughing at night

104
Q

common asthma trigger

A

tabacoo smoke
pet dander
cockroach dees
outdoor contaminants

105
Q

plyroic stensois age

A

2-8 wk after birth

forceful /projetile vomint

106
Q

proper useage MDI

A

first shake MDI and attach to spacer

  • exhale completely to optimatize inahlation
  • place lips tightly around the mouth
  • deliver single puff of me into spacer
  • take slow deep breath and hold for 10 seconds
  • rinse mouth, spit out the water
107
Q

what age and spacer

A

under 12

108
Q

quick acting carb for hypoglycemia

A

4 oz (120 mL) of a regular soft drink or fruit juice
8 oz (240 mL) of low-fat milk
1 tablespoon (15 mL) of honey or syrup
6 hard candies
Commercial dextrose products

109
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

life threatening complication of escherichia colu diagrea and results in RBC hemolysis, low platlets, AKI

110
Q

hemoytic uremic syndrome characteristic

A

hemolysis- results as anemia
low plalets- petechaie pr purpura
anemia (pallor), low platelets (petechiae and purpura), and acute kidney injury (low urine output).

111
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome rexpected

A

blood stread stool due to intestinal irration

112
Q

what is discouraged in acute diahrea

A

high sugar and low electrlyte content

113
Q

ecli is found in

A

contaminated food and water

114
Q

dehydration in children

A

not life threatening as long as fluid is replendished

115
Q

side effect of varicella vacc

A

rednes
few vesicle at the injection site (cover with small bandage to reduce risk of trans from the exudate)
-leave the bandage on till ivesicles have dried or crusted

116
Q

epiglottis signs in peds

A 
sitt up
leanig forwrd
drooling
stridor
high grade fever
tacycadia
tacypnea
117
Q

epiglottis treatment

A

et tube
trach
NOT BIPAP

118
Q

allergic rhinitis interventions

A

hepa filter (high articlate..)

  • keep windows lcosed
  • hypoallegic pillow and matress cover
  • eliminating carpet
  • mopping and vaccuming regularly with HEPA filter cavvum
  • damp using wet cloth to dust furniture
119
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

septal opening between ventricles causing L to R shunting

120
Q

ventricular septal defect complications

A

CHF (diaphoresism tacyoneam dyspnea)
pul HTN
systolic murmur

121
Q

hallmark CHF signs

A

diaphoesis
tacypnea
dyspnea

122
Q

coartation of trh artoa results in

A

decreased CO

123
Q

coartation of the aarota signs

A

elevated bp in the upper ext and dimished pressure in the lower ext

124
Q

patient ductus arteriois sound

A

systlic muruse with machine sound can have distolic murmor too

125
Q

PDA usually resolves

A

within 48 hours and requires no intervention in full term babies
-can be treated with surgical ligation or IV indomethacin

126
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

cyanotic cogential heart defect

127
Q

signs of tetralogy of fallot

A

irratbility

clubbing of the fingers due to o2 reminaing b/w 65-86

128
Q

harsh sytloic murmer

A

vertriclar spetal defect

129
Q

disltoic murmur

A

mitral stenosis

arotic regurtiation

130
Q

systolic ejection murmur

A

pulmonic stenosis

131
Q

why do tet spells occur

A

when unoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation reuslting in cyanosis and hypoxemia

132
Q

tet spells usally occur during

A

stressful or paintful procedures , on waking, hunger, crying,, feeding

133
Q

interventions for tet

A

-calm env
-soothing and quieting the baby when crying or in dsitress
-offer a pacifer
-swadding or holding the bay
=smaller feedings
-knee chest poistion

134
Q

infants vs older child positioning during tet spell

A

infant- knee chest
older- squatting

intermittent o2 is also given if needed

135
Q

clincial maestations of AOM

A

high ever

  • ear pain
  • pulling of the affected ear
  • buldging red tymapnic mem
136
Q

severe pain when direct pressure on the tragus or pulling of the pinna

A

otitis externa

137
Q

4 D d epiloggtis

A

dysphonia (muffled voice), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), drooling, and distressed respiratory effort.

138
Q

what poistion can help epilgottis

A

sitting up or any cofmort poistion like tripod

139
Q

atrioventricular canal defect is assoicted with

A

triosmy 21 (down syndrome)- loud mrumur and no action is done

140
Q

pulse plethysmogrpahic waveform

A

look and see if the oulse ox is reading acc

141
Q

accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain

A

clients weight

NOT i and o because insensilbe losses may be diff to track

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